Viral community-acquired pneumonia: What's new since COVID-19 emerged?

Introduction: All over the world, viral pneumonia has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality, especially among vulnerable populations. The most common respiratory viruses causing pneumonia include influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses and rhinovirus. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the landscape of viral pneumonia and has reshaped our understanding of the role of viruses in this disease.

Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a I-Labeled Radioligand ([I]iodotrazoline) for In Vitro Detection of Imidazoline-2 Binding Site in the Brain.

Astrocytes exert multiple functions within the brain, including regulating neuroinflammation and maintaining homeostasis, and the reactive astrocytes are implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. Imidazoline-2 binding site (IBS) has been established as a reliable biomarker for precisely quantifying reactive astrocytes. Here, we reported the development of [I]iodotrazoline ([I]), a novel IBS radioligand with high affinity ( = 6.

Research Review: Help-seeking intentions, behaviors, and barriers in college students - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prevalence of mental health problems among college students has increased over the past decade. Even when mental health services are available, many students still struggle to access these services. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the rates at which students actively seek or consider using formal help and to determine the main reasons for not seeking help.

Bacteriocins from Lactic Acid Bacteria Could Modulate the Wnt Pathway: A Possible Therapeutic Candidate for the Management of Colorectal Cancer- An In silico Study.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer that develops due to abnormal cell growth in the colon and rectum. Existing conventional CRC treatment strategies have side effects. Hence, exploring new and advanced techniques for bacterial CRC therapy is crucial.

An Exploration of Personally Mediated Racism Among Nursing Students Through the Participant-Driven Photo-Elicitation Method.

In recent years, global forced migration due to conflict, violence, and persecution has increased dramatically, affecting numerous countries, with Türkiye being particularly impacted. Despite global trends showing a significant decline in positive attitudes toward refugees, the limited existing literature on racism in nursing education primarily focuses on themes related to white supremacy. This focus inadequately addresses the issue of personally mediated racism toward various ethnic groups, especially within the context of nursing education and research.

Mental health trajectories of men and women who start providing personal care: European findings from SHARE using propensity score matching.

Objectives: We examine the mental health trajectories of people who start providing personal care and compare their trajectories with matched controls who remain non-carers. We also investigate whether trajectories vary by gender, financial resources, and supportive long-term care policies.

Methods: Using nine waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, collected in 28 European countries from 2004 to 2022, we analyse longitudinal data from 68,075 men and women aged 50 or older.

Communication Intervention to Improve Young Adults' Food Safety Practices: The Benefits of Using Congruent Framing.

Improving food safety practices among young adults is critical to public health, but effective communication strategies are under-researched. This study investigated the effectiveness of a 12-day message-based intervention to promote safe food handling practices using a randomised controlled trial. A total of 588 participants (aged 18 to 35 years) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions or to a control group.

Potential Roles of Exogenous Proteases and Lipases as Prebiotics.

Digestive enzymes, such as proteases and lipases, are widely recognized for their crucial roles in the ripening and production of fermented foods. Digestive enzymes are also used as supplements in nonruminant livestock to enhance feed digestion and promote animal growth. However, information on the effects of exogenous digestive enzymes on gut health and disease remains limited.

The Impact of Tartrazine on DNA Methylation, Histone Deacetylation, and Genomic Stability in Human Cell Lines.

Background/objectives: Tartrazine (TRZ), a synthetic red azo dye derived from coal tar, is widely used as a food colorant in various food products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This study aims to investigate the impact of TRZ on the expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (, , and ) and histone deacetylases ( and ). Additionally, we evaluate genomic DNA stability using the alkaline comet assay in three human cell lines: immortalized human keratinocyte (HaCaT), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549).

Revising BMI Cut-Off Points for Overweight and Obesity in Male Athletes: An Analysis Based on Multivariable Model-Building.

Background: Body composition in athletes is characterized by pronounced muscle mass and low body fat (BF). Over and excessive adiposity are thus expected in athletes at higher body mass index (BMI) levels than those suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, we aimed to test the validity of WHO BMI cut-off points for overweight and obesity, respectively (i.

Association Between Mediterranean Diet and Other Healthy Habits and Sociodemographic Variables with the Values of Vascular and Heart Age in Spanish Workers.

: The assessment of cardiovascular risk has traditionally relied on validated scales designed to estimate the likelihood of experiencing a cardiovascular event within a specific timeframe. In recent years, novel methodologies have emerged, offering a more objective evaluation of this risk through indicators such as vascular age (VA) and heart age (HA). : This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, and their impact on VA and HA.

Solid-State Fermented Cereals: Increased Phenolics and Their Role in Attenuating Liver Diseases.

Liver diseases, a leading cause of global mortality, necessitate effective dietary strategies. Fermented cereals, traditionally recognized for benefits in glucose regulation, lipid profiles, and antioxidant activity, hold potential for managing conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. However, their specific impact on liver health requires further investigation.

Exploring Antioxidant Properties of Standardized Extracts from Medicinal Plants Approved by the Thai FDA for Dietary Supplementation.

Background/objectives: There is a growing interest in plant-derived antioxidants as functional food ingredients, given their potential to address oxidative stress-related diseases, notably neurodegenerative disorders. This study aims to investigate the antioxidant properties of medicinal plants that have been approved by the Thai FDA for dietary supplementation, with the goal of further utilizing them as food-functional ingredients to prevent neurodegenerative conditions.

Methods: A systematic review-based methodology was employed on a list of 211 medicinal plants, and 21 medicinal plants were chosen based on their documented antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity.

School Lunch and Body Size in Japanese Junior High School Students: The Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey.

: Although the school lunch program is expected to reduce obesity and underweight among children in Japan, there had been no individual-level study examining the impact of school lunch on body size (overweight or underweight). The present study examined the association between school lunch and body size in Japanese junior high school students. : This cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from the Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2014 and 2018.

Association Between Anthropometric Measurements and Mediterranean Lifestyle in Women Diagnosed with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Data from the Mediterranean Region.

Background/objectives: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease which lowers a patient's quality of life. Our study aimed to assess the association between Mediterranean lifestyle and anthropometric measurements in patients with HT.

Methods: This study was conducted with 120 female patients previously diagnosed with HT.

Untargeted Metabolomics and Chemometrics Elucidate Dynamic Plasma Profile Changes Induced by Cocoa Shell in Female Rats.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of cocoa shell extract (CSE) supplementation on the plasma metabolome of female rats.

Methods: Female rats were supplemented with CSE (250 mg/kg/day) over seven days, and plasma samples were collected at baseline, day 4, and day 7 for untargeted metabolomic profiling using LC-ESI-QTOF.

Results: A total of 244 plasma metabolites were identified, while 180 were detected in the CSE.

Choline During Pregnancy and Child Neurodevelopment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies.

Background: Most pregnant women have choline intakes below recommendations. Animal studies suggest that choline supplementation during pregnancy improves cognitive outcomes in the offspring. This review aims to determine whether higher choline levels during pregnancy are associated with improved child brain development.

Impact of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets on Neurological Health: A Critical Review.

Background/objectives: The global shift towards vegan and vegetarian diets has garnered attention for their ethical, environmental, and potential health benefits. These diets are often rich in phytonutrients and antioxidants, which have been associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), suggesting a potential protective effect against systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. However, despite these benefits, concerns remain regarding their impact on neurological health due to the possible deficiencies of critical nutrients such as vitamin B12, DHA, EPA, and iron.

A Narrative Review on Plant Extracts for Metabolic Syndrome: Efficacy, Safety, and Technological Advances.

Metabolic syndrome, a global health concern, is characterized by visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Current therapeutic options are limited by their varying efficacy and significantly adverse side effects, fueling interest in natural products, particularly plant extracts, as potential preventive interventions for high-risk individuals. This review examines the role of plant extracts in mitigating metabolic syndrome risk factors, addressing safety concerns and exploring associated technological advancements.

Effects of Lebanese Folk Herbs on Adult Male Rats: Hepatic and Renal Toxicity, Histological, and Biochemical Studies.

, , , and are frequently consumed as a traditional Middle Eastern medicine to promote health and treat various diseases. However, concerns have been raised about their possible harmful effect in humans. Limited research has examined their chronic toxicity in rats, and their combined exposure effects are still unknown.

Translation and Validation of the Chinese Version of the Rapid Geriatric Assessment (C-RGA): A Screening Tool for Geriatric Syndromes in Nursing Home Residents.

: Frailty, sarcopenia, nutritional risk, and cognitive impairment are prevalent geriatric syndromes that adversely affect health outcomes in older adults, underscoring the need for an effective screen tool to enable early detection and timely intervention. : This study employed a cross-sectional validation design and translated, culturally adapted, and validated the Chinese version of the Rapid Geriatric Assessment (C-RGA) among 416 nursing home residents. The C-RGA consists of four subscales: the simple frail questionnaire screening tool (FRAIL), SARC-F for sarcopenia (SARC-F), the Simplified Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ), and the Rapid Cognitive Screen (RCS).

Cannabis: Zone Aspects of Raw Plant Components in Sport-A Narrative Review.

The Cannabis genus contain a mixture of cannabinoids and other minor components which have been studied so far. In this narrative review, we highlight the main aspects of the polarized discussion between abuse and toxicity versus the benefits of the compounds found in the plant. : We investigated databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) documents for scientific publications that can elucidate the heated discussion related to the negative aspects of addiction, organ damage and improved sports performance and the medical benefits, particularly in athletes, of some compounds that are promising as nutrients.

Association Between the Predominant Domain of Eating Behavior and Perception of Distortion and Satisfaction with Body Image in People Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery in Brazil.

Background And Aims: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for weight loss and improvement of associated comorbidities. However, some factors could negatively influence favorable results after surgery. This paper aimed to identify whether there is an association between the predominant domain of eating behavior and perception of distortion of and satisfaction with body image in people who underwent bariatric surgery in Brazil.