Antibacterial activity of Betadine ( L.) stem extract on growth .

Background: Today, people use plants to treat various types of diseases and improve human health. One of the medicinal plants is the Betadine plant ( L.).

The effectiveness of nano-chitosan high molecular 0.2% as irrigant agent against with passive ultrasonic irrigant.

Context: is the microorganism most frequently associated with failure of endodontic treatment. Chitosan is an irrigant in dentistry has the properties of biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioadhesion, and not toxic to human cells. Several studies have suggested the use of ultrasonics to enhancing the action of irrigants.