Evidence of hysteresis in propofol pharmacodynamics.

It is commonly assumed that loss of responsiveness and recovery of responsiveness occur at similar concentrations of propofol. However, the 'conscious' and 'anaesthetised' conditions produced by general anaesthetics may behave as two bistable states. We hypothesised that loss of responsiveness and recovery of responsiveness occur at different propofol concentrations.

Airway fibroepithelial polyposis.

Fibroepithelial polyps are benign lesions, frequently found in the skin and genitourinary tract. Airway involvement is rare, and few case reports have been published. Our patient was a 79 y.

Statistical analysis plan for the Head Position in Stroke Trial (HeadPoST): An international cluster cross-over randomized trial.

Background There is evidence to indicate that the lying flat head position increases cerebral blood flow and oxygenation in patients with acute ischemic stroke, but how these physiological effects translate into clinical outcomes is uncertain. The Head Position in Stroke Trial aims to determine the comparative effectiveness of lying flat (0°) compared to sitting up (≥30°) head positioning, initiated within 24 h of hospital admission for patients with acute stroke. Design An international, pragmatic, cluster-randomized, crossover, open, blinded outcome assessed clinical trial.

Modulation of the Early Host Response to Electrospun Polylactic Acid Matrices by Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Amniotic Fluid.

Purpose:  The reconstruction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia or other congenital soft tissue defects often requires implants. These can be either degradable or permanent, each having their advantages. Whatever type is being used, the host response induced by implants plays a crucial role to determine the outcome.

Lupus profundus limited to a site of trauma: Case report and review of the literature.

Lupus erythematosus profundus (LEP) is a rare form of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. We report on a case of a 56-year-old Caucasian woman who presented with a single, persistent, painful rash on the left hip and lateral aspect of the left upper thigh, which had been present for 2.5 years.

Preconditioning of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells with deferoxamine increases the production of pro-angiogenic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors: Potential application in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most frequent and troublesome complications of diabetes mellitus. Evidence from diabetic animal models and diabetic patients suggests that reduced availability of neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic factors in the nerves in combination with a chronic pro-inflammatory microenvironment and high level of oxidative stress, contribute to the pathogenesis of DN. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of great interest as therapeutic agents for regenerative purposes, since they can secrete a broad range of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.

Reliability of Hand-Held Transcranial Doppler with M-mode Ultrasound in Middle Cerebral Artery Measurement.

Purpose: To determine the intra- and interrater agreement of mean flow velocity (MFV) and pulsatility index (PI) measurement in middle cerebral arteries, assessed by transcranial Doppler (TCD) with M-mode.

Methods: Masked experienced neurosonologists performed TCD with M-mode using handheld probe in healthy adult volunteers. The Bland-Altman method for concordance and intraclass correlation coefficient were used.

Fluid overload and outcomes in critically ill children: A single center prospective cohort study.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the association between fluid overload (FO) and clinical outcomes, mortality, mechanical ventilation (MV), and duration and length of stay in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Methods: Over a 12-month period, patients who were on MV for >24h or vasoactive support were prospectively included. Demographic and clinical data were recorded.

Intracerebral hemorrhage location and outcome among INTERACT2 participants.

Objective: To clarify associations between intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) location and clinical outcomes among participants of the main phase Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT2).

Methods: Associations between ICH sites and poor outcomes (death [6] or major disability [3-5] of modified Rankin Scale) and European Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D) utility scores at 90 days were assessed in logistic regression models.

Results: Of 2,066 patients included in the analyses, associations were identified between ICH sites and poor outcomes: involvement of posterior limb of internal capsule increased risks of death or major disability (odds ratio [OR] 2.

The distribution of the modified Rankin scale scores change according to eligibility criteria in acute ischemic stroke trials: A consideration for sample size calculations when using ordinal regression analysis.

Background: Distribution shifts of the modified Rankin scale (mRs) is used as outcome measure in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) randomized controlled trials (RCT). Distribution across strata of mRs is relevant for sample size calculations and may be affected by eligibility criteria.

Aim: We aimed to assess the distribution of mRs scores across its different strata in AIS according to usual eligibility criteria.

Five-Strand Hamstring Autograft Versus Quadruple Hamstring Autograft With Graft Diameters 8.0 Millimeters or More in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Clinical Outcomes With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of 2 groups of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction: the first with a quadrupled semitendinosus gracilis (ST-G) autograft larger than 8 mm diameter and the second with a 5-strand ST-G autograft larger than 8 mm due to an insufficient diameter graft harvesting.

Methods: This was a retrospective study with 70 patients divided into 2 groups. Inclusion criteria included ACL ruptures of less than 3 months, ST-G ACL reconstructions, and final (4-strand or 5-strand) graft size larger than 8 mm.

Associations with health-related quality of life after intracerebral haemorrhage: pooled analysis of INTERACT studies.

Background And Purpose: Limited data exist on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to determine baseline factors associated with HRQoL among participants of the pilot and main phases of the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trials (INTERACT 1 and 2).

Methods: The INTERACT studies were randomised controlled trials of early intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering in patients with ICH (<6 hours) and elevated systolic BP (150-220 mm Hg).

Transcriptomic Analysis of Mouse Cochlear Supporting Cell Maturation Reveals Large-Scale Changes in Notch Responsiveness Prior to the Onset of Hearing.

Neonatal mouse cochlear supporting cells have a limited ability to divide and trans-differentiate into hair cells, but this ability declines rapidly in the two weeks after birth. This decline is concomitant with the morphological and functional maturation of the organ of Corti prior to the onset of hearing. However, despite this association between maturation and loss of regenerative potential, little is known of the molecular changes that underlie these events.

Regional variation in acute stroke care organisation.

Background: Few studies have assessed regional variation in the organisation of stroke services, particularly health care resourcing, presence of protocols and discharge planning. Our aim was to compare stroke care organisation within middle- (MIC) and high-income country (HIC) hospitals participating in the Head Position in Stroke Trial (HeadPoST).

Methods: HeadPoST is an on-going international multicenter crossover cluster-randomized trial of 'sitting-up' versus 'lying-flat' head positioning in acute stroke.

Nonmodifiable risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Purpose Of Review: As anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is becoming increasingly prevalent in the population of active children and young adolescents, it is crucial to be aware of both the modifiable and nonmodifiable factors that place this population at increased ACL injury risk. Historically, there has not been a definitive consensus on all of these risk factors-particularly the nonmodifiable ones.

Recent Findings: The present review has accumulated the most recent evidence for the nonmodifiable risk factors in ACL injury focusing particularly on female gender, generalized joint laxity, knee recurvatum, increased lateral tibial slope, decreased intercondylar notch width, structural lower extremity valgus, limb length discrepancy, family history, and history of contralateral knee ACL injury.

Withdrawal of active treatment after intracerebral haemorrhage in the INTERACT2 study.

Background: in the second Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial (INTERACT2), a minority of patients received withdrawal of active treatment (WAT). We wished to determine the characteristics of these patients, and the relation of this decision-making to subsequent management and final outcome.

Methods: the INTERACT2 cohort of acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) patients had a decision of WAT within 7 days after hospital admission recorded.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hantavirus disease and acceptance of a vaccine trial in rural communities of southern Chile.

Andes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, transmitted by Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, has no approved treatment, a case fatality rate of 35%, and documented person-to-person transmission. An Andes vaccine, highly needed for prevention, is in development. We aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding hantavirus disease and willingness to participate in a future Andes vaccine trials through a cross sectional face-to-face oral survey of a randomly selected adult sample from 2 rural communes in southern Chile.

Protocol for qRT-PCR analysis from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections from diffuse large b-cell lymphoma: Validation of the six-gene predictor score.

As a part of an international study on the molecular analysis of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), a robust protocol for gene expression analysis from RNA extraction to qRT-PCR using Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded tissues was developed. Here a study was conducted to define a strategy to validate the previously reported 6-gene (LMO2, BCL6, FN1, CCND2, SCYA3 and BCL2) model as predictor of prognosis in DLBCL. To avoid variation, all samples were tested in a single centre and single platform.

Statistical analysis plan of the head position in acute ischemic stroke trial pilot (HEADPOST pilot).

Background The HEADPOST Pilot is a proof-of-concept, open, prospective, multicenter, international, cluster randomized, phase IIb controlled trial, with masked outcome assessment. The trial will test if lying flat head position initiated in patients within 12 h of onset of acute ischemic stroke involving the anterior circulation increases cerebral blood flow in the middle cerebral arteries, as measured by transcranial Doppler. The study will also assess the safety and feasibility of patients lying flat for ≥24 h.

Intracerebral Stem Cell Administration Inhibits Relapse-like Alcohol Drinking in Rats.

Study describes the blockade of relapse-like alcohol drinking by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). High alcohol-intake bred rats consumed alcohol for 3 months and were subjected to repeated alcohol deprivations for 7-14 days, followed by alcohol reaccess. Upon reaccess, animals consumed 2.

Is a single question of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) valid for measuring sedentary behaviour in the Chilean population?

A study was conducted to assess the validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) for measuring sedentary behaviour (SB) in the Chilean adult population. About 217 adults (93/124 male/female, 43.8 ± 15.

Safety Profile of the 9-Valent HPV Vaccine: A Combined Analysis of 7 Phase III Clinical Trials.

Objectives: The overall safety profile of the 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine was evaluated across 7 Phase III studies, conducted in males and females (nonpregnant at entry), 9 to 26 years of age.

Methods: Vaccination was administered as a 3-dose regimen at day 1, and months 2 and 6. More than 15 000 subjects received ≥1 dose of 9vHPV vaccine.