Sex differences in treatment and outcome after stroke: Pooled analysis including 19,000 participants.

Objective: To explore the sex differences in outcomes and management after stroke using a large sample with high-quality international trial data.

Methods: Individual participant data were obtained from 5 acute stroke randomized controlled trials. Data were obtained on demographics, medication use, in-hospital treatment, and functional outcome.

Potential Novel Strategies for the Treatment of Dental Pulp-Derived Pain: Pharmacological Approaches and Beyond.

The diagnosis and management of pain is an everyday occurrence in dentistry, and its effective control is essential to ensure the wellbeing of patients. Most tooth-associated pain originates from the dental pulp, a highly vascularized and innervated tissue, which is encased within mineralized dentin. It plays a crucial role in the sensing of stimuli from the local environment, such as infections (i.

Clinical and functional outcomes of primary total knee arthroplasty: a South American perspective.

Background: The aim of this study was to report the clinical and functional outcomes as well as complications after primary total knee arthroplasty in a cohort of Chilean patients.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 191 total knee arthroplasties performed in 182 patients over an 8-year period, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The primary outcome measure was the rate of major complications.

Evaluation of the effectiveness and equity of the maternity protection reform in Chile from 2000 to 2015.

Introduction: According to the International Labor Organization, Maternity Protection (MP) policies try to harmonize child care and women's paid work, without affecting family health and economic security. Chile Law 20.545 (2011) increased benefits for economically active women and reduced requirements for accessing these benefits.

[Initial care for migrants in Chile: status of a primary health care initiative after one year of implementationAtenção inicial a populações migrantes no Chile: iniciativa em atenção primária à saúde após um ano da sua implementação].

Objective: Describe sociodemographic characteristics, health needs, effective referrals, and immediate evaluation of international migrants who participated in the Initial Care for Migrants program during its first year of implementation (May to December 2016) at the Ignacio Domeyko Family Health Center in Santiago, Chile.

Methods: Descriptive study. An intervention was designed and implemented to welcome international migrants.

Novel Heterozygous Mutation in Is Associated With Early Onset CVID and a Functional Defect in NK Cells Complicated by Disseminated CMV Infection and Severe Nephrotic Syndrome.

Nuclear factor kappa-B subunit 2 (NF-κB2/p100/p52), encoded by (MIM: 164012) belongs to the NF-κB family of transcription factors that play a critical role in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Heterozygous C-terminal mutations in have been associated with early-onset common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), central adrenal insufficiency and ectodermal dysplasia. Only two previously reported cases have documented decreased natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, and little is known about the role of NF-κB2 in NK cell maturation and function.

Effectiveness of non-medical health worker-led counselling on psychological distress: a randomized controlled trial in rural Nepal.

Background: An essential strategy to increase coverage of psychosocial treatments globally is task shifting to non-medical counsellors, but evidence on its effectiveness is still scarce. This study evaluates the effectiveness of lay psychosocial counselling among persons with psychological distress in a primary health care setting in rural Nepal.

Methods: A parallel randomized controlled trial in Dang, rural Nepal (NCT03544450).

Platelet Count in Patients with Mild Disease at Admission is Associated with Progression to Severe Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome.

Background: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) has a mortality up to 35-40% and its treatment is mainly supportive. A variable to predict progression from mild to severe disease is unavailable. This study was performed in patients with documented infection by Andes orthohantavirus, and the aim was to find a simple variable to predict progression to moderate/severe HCPS in patients with mild disease at admission.

Intranasal mesenchymal stem cell secretome administration markedly inhibits alcohol and nicotine self-administration and blocks relapse-intake: mechanism and translational options.

Background: Chronic consumption of most drugs of abuse leads to brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which inhibit the glutamate transporter GLT-1, proposed to perpetuate drug intake. The present study aimed at inhibiting chronic ethanol and nicotine self-administration and relapse by the non-invasive intranasal administration of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory secretome generated by adipose tissue-derived activated mesenchymal stem cells. The anti-addiction mechanism of stem cell secretome is also addressed.

Impact of Evidence-Based Stroke Care on Patient Outcomes: A Multilevel Analysis of an International Study.

Background The uptake of proven stroke treatments varies widely. We aimed to determine the association of evidence-based processes of care for acute ischemic stroke ( AIS ) and clinical outcome of patients who participated in the HEADPOST (Head Positioning in Acute Stroke Trial), a multicenter cluster crossover trial of lying flat versus sitting up, head positioning in acute stroke. Methods and Results Use of 8 AIS processes of care were considered: reperfusion therapy in eligible patients; acute stroke unit care; antihypertensive, antiplatelet, statin, and anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation; dysphagia assessment; and physiotherapist review.

Spatiotemporal Differences in Gene Expression Between Motor and Sensory Autografts and Their Effect on Femoral Nerve Regeneration in the Rat.

To improve the outcome after autologous nerve grafting in the clinic, it is important to understand the limiting variables such as distinct phenotypes of motor and sensory Schwann cells. This study investigated the properties of phenotypically different autografts in a 6 mm femoral nerve defect model in the rat, where the respective femoral branches distally of the inguinal bifurcation served as homotopic, or heterotopic autografts. Axonal regeneration and target reinnervation was analyzed by gait analysis, electrophysiology, and wet muscle mass analysis.

Total knee replacement in patients with osteoarthritis and concomitant inveterate patellar dislocation.

The inveterate patellar dislocation is an uncommon entity. The most frequent findings correspond to a misaligned valgus associated with lateral patellar dislocation. When severe knee osteoarthritis is present, total knee arthroplasty is an option, whether it is associated or not with realignment of the extensor apparatus.

Gene and cell therapy on the acquisition and relapse-like binge drinking in a model of alcoholism: translational options.

Studies reviewed show that lentiviral gene therapy directed either at inhibiting the synthesis of brain acetaldehyde generated from ethanol or at degrading brain acetaldehyde fully prevent ethanol intake by rats bred for their high alcohol preference. However, after animals have chronically consumed alcohol, the above gene therapy did not inhibit alcohol intake, indicating that in the chronic ethanol intake condition brain acetaldehyde is no longer the compound that generates the continued alcohol reinforcement. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation generated by chronic ethanol intake are strongly associated with the perpetuation of alcohol consumption and alcohol relapse "binge drinking".

The human microbiota and infection prevention.

The human microbiome participates in numerous aspects of human physiology and disease states. Recently, studies have begun to explore the role of the microbiome in colonization, infection and transmission of pathogens. This review provides a summary of the methodological principles used in microbiome studies and the published evidence of the impact of microbiome dysbiosis in infection prevention.

Multimodality Imaging of Congenital Variants in the Gallbladder: Pictorial Essay.

Congenital variants of the gallbladder development are infrequent and sometimes represent an asymptomatic imaging finding. In this case series, we want to present multimodality imaging findings that permit the diagnosis. Ultrasound, multidetector computed tomography, and magnetic resonance images are included.

Stem cell exosomes inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Recently, exosomes secreted by menstrual mesenchymal stem cells have been identified as inhibitory agents of tumor angiogenesis and modulators of the tumor cell secretome in prostate and breast cancer. However, their direct effect on endothelial cells and paracrine mediators have not yet been investigated. Using a carrier-based cell culture system to test the scalability for exosome production, we showed that different types of endothelial cells present specific kinetics for exosomes internalization.

p27 down-regulation as achieved by two clinically feasible means did not induce proliferation of supporting cells in the rat neonatal cochlea in vivo.

In mammals, the cochlear sensory epithelium becomes quiescent early during development. After the first postnatal week, there is no cell replacement or proliferation, and severe damage leads to permanent deafness. Supporting cells' trans-differentiation has been suggested as a way to regenerate cochlear hair cells after damage.

Positive end-expiratory pressure improves elastic working pressure in anesthetized children.

Background: Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been demonstrated to decrease ventilator-induced lung injury in patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) for acute respiratory failure. Recently, some studies have proposed some beneficial effects of PEEP in ventilated patients without lung injury. The influence of PEEP on respiratory mechanics in children is not well known.

Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes reduces oxidative stress and markedly inhibits ethanol consumption and post-deprivation relapse drinking.

Chronic ethanol consumption leads to brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, conditions known to potentiate and perpetuate each other. Several studies have shown that neuroinflammation results in increases in chronic ethanol consumption. Recent reports showed that the intra-cerebroventricular administration of mesenchymal stem cells to rats consuming alcohol chronically markedly inhibited oxidative-stress, abolished neuroinflammation and greatly reduced chronic alcohol intake and post deprivation relapse-like alcohol intake.

Near-Apneic Ventilation Decreases Lung Injury and Fibroproliferation in an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Model with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Rationale: There is wide variability in mechanical ventilation settings during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although lung rest is recommended to prevent further injury, there is no evidence to support it.

Objectives: To determine whether near-apneic ventilation decreases lung injury in a pig model of acute respiratory distress syndrome supported with ECMO.

Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) Consensus on Spanish Nomenclature for Spondyloarthritis.

Objective: To develop a consensus to standardize the use of Spanish terms, abbreviations and acronyms in the field of spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Methods: An international task force comprising all native Spanish-speaking Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) members, the executive committee of Grupo para el estudio de la Espondiloartritis de la Sociedad Española de Reumatología (GRESSER), two methodologists, two linguists from the Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de España (RANM) and two patients from the Spanish Coordinator of Spondylitis Associations (CEADE) was established. A literature review was performed to identify the conflicting terms/abbreviations/acronyms in SpA.