Unravelling the potential relationship between the climate crisis and the health of migrant children in LAC: perceptions from migrant parents and healthcare professionals in Chile.

Introduction: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is one of the regions most affected by the climate crisis, which is connected to international migration through a complex nexus. During the last years, migratory flows on the continent have increasingly included children and adolescents who are migrating through non-authorised crossing points. The existing literature shows how inequities negatively affect migrant children and the role that healthcare systems can play to mitigate them.

Socioeconomic and spatial distribution of depressive symptoms and access to treatment in Peru: A repeated nationwide cross-sectional study from 2014 to 2021.

Background: Globally, evidence indicates that poverty and geographical setting influence the prevalence of depressive symptoms and access to treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic and spatial distribution of depressive symptoms and treatment in Peru.

Methods: We conducted an observational study based on the analysis of secondary data derived from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Surveys for 2014-2021.

Performance of the VITEK® MS system for the identification of filamentous fungi in a microbiological laboratory in Chile.

Filamentous fungi are an emergent cause of severe infections in immunocompromised patients. Timely and accurate identification is crucial to initiate appropriate therapy. Traditional identification methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and operator-dependent.

Implementation of a goal-directed Care Bundle for intracerebral hemorrhage: Results of embedded process evaluation in the INTERACT3 trial.

The third, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized, Intensive Care Bundle with Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT3), has shown that a goal-directed multi-faceted Care Bundle incorporating protocols for the management of physiological variables was safe and effective for improving functional recovery in a broad range of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The INTERACT3 Care Bundle included time- and target-based protocols for the management of early intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure (SBP, target <140mmHg), glucose control (target 6.1-7.

Hosts and vectors of scrub typhus in Chile: epidemiological study and molecular analyses of Orientia infection in rodents and rodent-associated mites.

Candidatus Orientia chiloensis causes scrub typhus over a wide geographical range in southern Chile. The life cycle, including vectors and reservoirs of this novel rickettsial pathogen, is incompletely understood. We analyzed rodent tissue and rodent-associated mite samples collected during a field study in six localities on Chiloé Island, where human scrub typhus cases have occurred.

Determinants of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 vaccine confidence in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of qualitative evidence and thematic synthesis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the immediate risk for global and public health posed by vaccination inequities worldwide. The regions most affected are low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In addition to systemic challenges, vaccine hesitancy driven by low vaccine confidence has been identified as a threat to vaccine uptake.

Excess burden of antibiotic-resistant bloodstream infections: evidence from a multicentre retrospective cohort study in Chile, 2018-2022.

Background: Antibiotic-resistant bloodstream infections (ARB BSI) cause an enormous disease and economic burden. We assessed the impact of ARB BSI caused by high- and critical-priority pathogens in hospitalised Chilean patients compared to BSI caused by susceptible bacteria.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2018 to 2022 in three Chilean hospitals and measured the association of ARB BSI with in-hospital mortality, length of hospitalisation (LOS), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Access to medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases in Chile: qualitative analysis of perceived patient barriers and facilitators in five regions of the country.

Background: Access to medicines is one of the most serious public health problems globally, and Chile is not an exception. The aim of this study was to explore patients' perceptions, beneficiaries of both public and private health sectors, of barriers and facilitators in access to medicines in general, and those associated with the treatment of diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension.

Methods: Ten focus groups of patients with these diseases, diagnosed for at least six months and with prescribed medication, were carried out in five regions of Chile: Arica (north), Aysén (south), and Valparaíso, Metropolitan, and Maule (center).

Lateral prefrontal theta oscillations causally drive a computational mechanism underlying conflict expectation and adaptation.

Adapting our behavior to environmental demands relies on our capacity to perceive and manage potential conflicts within our surroundings. While evidence implicates the involvement of the lateral prefrontal cortex and theta oscillations in detecting conflict stimuli, their causal role in conflict expectation remains elusive. Consequently, the exact computations and neural mechanisms underlying these cognitive processes still need to be determined.

Routes of importation and spatial dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants during localized interventions in Chile.

Human mobility is strongly associated with the spread of SARS-CoV-2 via air travel on an international scale and with population mixing and the number of people moving between locations on a local scale. However, these conclusions are drawn mostly from observations in the context of the global north where international and domestic connectivity is heavily influenced by the air travel network; scenarios where land-based mobility can also dominate viral spread remain understudied. Furthermore, research on the effects of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) has mostly focused on national- or regional-scale implementations, leaving gaps in our understanding of the potential benefits of implementing NPIs at higher granularity.

The Persistence of Biologic Therapies for Psoriatic Arthritis: A Narrative Review.

Drug persistence is a crucial measure of long-term efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction. Lack of persistence can increase healthcare costs and morbidity and mortality rates. This review aimed to consolidate available data on drug persistence for various biological treatments used as the primary intervention for psoriatic arthritis and identify factors associated with nonpersistence.

Preventive behaviors for COVID-19 in Chile: Lessons from a population follow-up for 2021 and 2022.

Introduction: The rapid emergence of COVID-19 urged policy responses worldwide, focusing on vaccination and mobility restrictions. Chile represents a unique scenario for analyzing personal preventive measures amid intensive communication and vaccination campaigns. This study aims to explore changes in population adherence to non-pharmacological preventive measures during the pandemic and the factors that explain this adherence each year.

Obesogenicity perception of food environments in adults: A cross-sectional study in urban areas of Santiago, Chile.

Introduction: In Chile, there is a high prevalence of obesity, and most people have an inadequate quality of food. Food environments can constitute barriers that prevent healthy food choices and lead to overweight and obesity, as well as diet-related non-communicable diseases. There are international instruments that allow the characterization of food environments.

[Catatonia as a presentation of major depressive disorder in the eldery and differential diagnosis of consciousness impairment: A case report and literature review].

We report the case of an older female patient suffering from a subacute qualitative and quantitative alteration in the state of consciousness secondary to a major depressive disorder with catatonic features. We discuss and review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of catatonia in older adults from the internist's point of view.

Potentiation of Motor Adaptation Via Cerebellar tACS: Characterization of the Stimulation Frequency.

Motor adaptation is critical to update motor tasks in new or modified environmental conditions. While the cerebellum supports error-based adaptations, its neural implementation is partially known. By controlling the frequency of cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (c-tACS), we can test the influence of neural oscillation from the cerebellum for motor adaptation.

New technology: Custom made implants, patient-specific alignment, and navigation - How to convince my hospital it's worth it: Current concepts.

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) faces significant challenges, including lower survival rates and higher revision rates than total knee arthroplasty (TKA). To address these issues, technological advancements like custom-made implants (CMI), patient-specific alignment (PSA), and computer-assisted systems (CAS) are being explored. These innovations aim to tailor procedures to individual joint morphology, soft tissue balance, and limb alignment, moving away from the traditional "one size fits all" approach.

Breast cancer diagnosis and staging in Chile: A non-randomized survey-based study to assess frequency and delays.

Introduction: Breast cancer progression involves physiological mechanisms such as metastasis. Delays in diagnosis and treatment increase the risk of mortality and are associated with barriers to healthcare access. In Chile, breast cancer is highly prevalent, and early diagnosis has improved, although disparities in the disease evolution persist.

Effectiveness and safety of the recombinant herpes zoster vaccine in different population groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Varicella-zoster virus infections have increased globally, with complications such as postherpetic neuralgia and neurological sequelae. The recombinant vaccine against herpes zoster is proposed as a preventive strategy. This systematic review evaluates its effectiveness and safety in healthy and high-risk populations.

Effects of school closure on lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile: A time-matched analysis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to school closures, potentially impairing children's behaviours and health. We aimed to explore the effects of school closure on lifestyle behaviours (dietary habits, physical activity) and health outcomes (adiposity, fitness, self-esteem, self-concept) in children.

Methods: We measured 247 children before school closure (October-November 2019) and after school reopening (October-November 2021) (COVID-19 group).

Secondary rectal linitis plastica caused by prostatic adenocarcinoma - magnetic resonance imaging findings and dissemination pathways: A case report.

Background: Secondary rectal linitis plastica (RLP) from prostatic adenocarcinoma is a rare and poorly understood form of metastatic spread, characterized by a desmoplastic response and concentric rectal wall infiltration with mucosal preservation. This complicates endoscopic diagnosis and can mimic gastrointestinal malignancies. This case series underscores the critical role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying the distinct imaging features of RLP and highlights the importance of considering this condition in the differential diagnosis of patients with a history of prostate cancer.