The pathway to resolve dimeric forms distinguishes plasmids from megaplasmids in Enterobacteriaceae.

Bacterial genomes contain a plethora of secondary replicons of divergent size. Circular replicons must carry a system for resolving dimeric forms, resulting from recombination between sister copies. These systems use site-specific recombinases.

An Electrical Method to Detect Both Crack Creation and Propagation in Solid Electrical Insulators.

Fracto-emission is the ejection of electrons and positive ions from matter undergoing a mechanical fracture. The creation and propagation of fractures in insulating material can generate an electrical signal that can be detected using a sufficiently fast signal recorder. The theoretical equations related to crack creation/propagation that induce an externally electric signal are detailed for two conditions: with and without an external applied electric voltage.

Weakly-Activated Phenol Derivatives as New Green Electrophilic Partners in Suzuki-Miyaura and Related C-C Couplings.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of greener alternatives to traditional reagents used in carbon-carbon coupling reactions, particularly in response to environmental concerns. The commonly used aryl halides, despite being highly reactive in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC), pose significant environmental risks. As a result, research has shifted towards exploring the use of phenols, which are widely accessible and environmentally benign.

Heterochromatic gene silencing controls CD4 T cell susceptibility to regulatory T cell-mediated suppression in a murine allograft model.

Protective immune responses require close interactions between conventional (Tconv) and regulatory T cells (Treg). The extracellular mediators and signaling events that regulate the crosstalk between these CD4 T cell subsets have been extensively characterized. However, how Tconv translate Treg-dependent suppressive signals at the chromatin level remains largely unknown.

Deciphering the interplay between biology and physics with a finite element method-implemented vertex organoid model: A tool for the mechanical analysis of cell behavior on a spherical organoid shell.

Understanding the interplay between biology and mechanics in tissue architecture is challenging, particularly in terms of 3D tissue organization. Addressing this challenge requires a biological model enabling observations at multiple levels from cell to tissue, as well as theoretical and computational approaches enabling the generation of a synthetic model that is relevant to the biological model and allowing for investigation of the mechanical stresses experienced by the tissue. Using a monolayer human colon epithelium organoid as a biological model, freely available tools (Fiji, Cellpose, Napari, Morphonet, or Tyssue library), and the commercially available Abaqus FEM solver, we combined vertex and FEM approaches to generate a comprehensive viscoelastic finite element model of the human colon organoid and demonstrated its flexibility.

metaGE: Investigating genotype x environment interactions through GWAS meta-analysis.

Elucidating the genetic components of plant genotype-by-environment interactions is of key importance in the context of increasing climatic instability, diversification of agricultural practices and pest pressure due to phytosanitary treatment limitations. The genotypic response to environmental stresses can be investigated through multi-environment trials (METs). However, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of MET data are significantly more complex than that of single environments.

Human fallopian tube organoids provide a favourable environment for sperm motility.

Study Question: Does a human fallopian tube (HFT) organoid model offer a favourable apical environment for human sperm survival and motility?

Summary Answer: After differentiation, the apical compartment of a new HFT organoid model provides a favourable environment for sperm motility, which is better than commercial media.

What Is Known Already: HFTs are the site of major events that are crucial for achieving an ongoing pregnancy, such as gamete survival and competence, fertilization steps, and preimplantation embryo development. In order to better understand the tubal physiology and tubal factors involved in these reproductive functions, and to improve still suboptimal in vitro conditions for gamete preparation and embryo culture during IVF, we sought to develop an HFT organoid model from isolated adult stem cells to allow spermatozoa co-culture in the apical compartment.

Synthesis and characterization of heptacoordinated molybdenum(II) complexes supported with 2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (bpp) ligands.

Functional pincer ligands that engage in metal-ligand cooperativity and/or are capable of redox non-innocence have found a great deal of success in catalysis. These two properties may be found in metal complexes of the 2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (bpp) ligands. With this goal in mind, we have attempted the coordination of 2,6-bis(5-trifluoromethylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (LCF3) and its Bu analogue 2,6-bis(5--butylpyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (LtBu) to Mo(0) by reactions with mixed phosphine/carbonyl complexes [Mo(CO)(MeCN)(PMePh)] 1-3 (1 ≤ ≤ 3).

Arthroscopic Repair of Bursal-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: Literature Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The surgical management of bursal-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tendon tears is controversial. The 2 methods used are in situ repair (ISR), preserving the contingent of intact articular tendon fiber, or tear completion before repair (TCBR) according to the operating surgeon's usual technique. No study with sufficient power has demonstrated a superior technique.

Copper and zinc isotope fractionation during phototrophic biofilm growth.

Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are two trace metals that exhibit both limiting and toxic effects on aquatic microorganisms. However, in contrast to good knowledge of these metal interactions with individual microbial cultures, the biofilm, complex natural consortium of microorganisms, remains poorly understood with respect to its control on Cu and Zn in the aquatic environments. Towards constraining the magnitude and mechanisms of Cu and Zn isotope fractionation in the presence of phototrophic biofilms composed of different proportion of diatoms, green algae and cyanobacteria, we studied long-term growth in a rotating annular bioreactor and quantified the uptake of metals and their isotope fractionation at environmentally-relevant Cu and Zn concentrations.

Contribution of Teeth to Confirm Diagnosis of Plague in Marseille, France (1720-1722).

Plague is an infectious disease caused by a Gram-negative bacterium, , and has affected human populations in different pandemics for at least 5000 years. The last plague epidemic in France occurred at the beginning of eighteenth century in Marseille, in southeast France. Marseille is today France's second largest city.

Exploring the Tomato Root Protein Network Exploited by Core Type 3 Effectors from the Species Complex.

Proteomics has become a powerful approach for the identification and characterization of type III effectors (T3Es). Members of the species complex (RSSC) deploy T3Es to manipulate host cells and to promote root infection of, among others, a wide range of solanaceous plants such as tomato, potato, and tobacco. Here, we used TurboID-mediated proximity labeling (PL) in tomato hairy root cultures to explore the proxeomes of the core RSSC T3Es RipU, RipD, and RipB.

Approach to anaemia in gastrointestinal disease: A position paper by the ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee.

Anaemia is a frequent consequence of many gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in children and it can even be the initial presenting symptom of underlying chronic GI disease. The definition of anaemia is age and gender-dependent and it can be classified based on pathophysiology, red cell morphology, and clinical presentation. Although nutritional deficiencies, including GI malabsorption of nutrients and GI bleeding, play a major role, other pathophysiologic mechanisms seen in chronic GI diseases, whether inflammatory (e.

Interplay between the Xer recombination system and the dissemination of antibioresistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Antibiotic-resistant infections are a pressing clinical challenge. Plasmids are known to accelerate the emergence of resistance by facilitating horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between bacteria. We explore this question in Acinetobacter baumannii, a globally emerging nosocomial pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections with a worrying accumulation of resistance, particularly involving plasmids.

Deep-blur: Blind identification and deblurring with convolutional neural networks.

We propose a neural network architecture and a training procedure to estimate blurring operators and deblur images from a single degraded image. Our key assumption is that the forward operators can be parameterized by a low-dimensional vector. The models we consider include a description of the point spread function with Zernike polynomials in the pupil plane or product-convolution expansions, which incorporate space-varying operators.

Identification and monitoring of cell heterogeneity from plasmid recombination during limonene production.

Detecting alterations in plasmid structures is often performed using conventional molecular biology. However, these methods are laborious and time-consuming for studying the conditions inducing these mutations, which prevent real-time access to cell heterogeneity during bioproduction. In this work, we propose combining both flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, integrated with mechanistic modelling to study conditions that lead to plasmid recombination using a limonene-producing microbial system as a case study.

The proteomic content of Varroa destructor gut varies according to the developmental stage of its host.

The nutritional physiology of parasites is often overlooked although it is at the basis of host-parasite interactions. In the case of Varroa destructor, one of the major pests of the Western honey bee Apis mellifera, the nature of molecules and tissues ingested by the parasite is still not completely understood. Here, the V.

Optimizing contact tracing for avian influenza in poultry flocks.

Contact tracing is commonly used to manage infectious diseases of both humans and animals. It aims to detect early and control potentially infected individuals or farms that had contact with infectious cases. Because it is very resource-intensive, contact tracing is usually performed on a pre-defined time window, based on previous knowledge of the duration of the incubation period.

Role of the stratosphere in the global mercury cycle.

Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant with substantial risks to human and ecosystem health. By upward transport in tropical regions, mercury enters into the stratosphere, but the contribution of the stratosphere to global mercury dispersion and deposition remains unknown. We find that between 5 and 50% (passing through the 400-kelvin isentropic surface and tropopause, respectively) of the mercury mass deposited on Earth's surface is chemically processed in the lower stratosphere.

Freeze-Cast Composites of Alginate/Pyrophosphate-Stabilized Amorphous Calcium Carbonate: From the Nanoscale Structuration to the Macroscopic Properties.

Pyrophosphate-stabilized amorphous calcium carbonates (PyACC) are promising compounds for bone repair due to their ability to release calcium, carbonate, and phosphate ions following pyrophosphate hydrolysis. However, shaping these metastable and brittle materials using conventional methods remains a challenge, especially in the form of macroporous scaffolds, yet essential to promote cell colonization. To overcome these limitations, this article describes for the first time the design and multiscale characterization of freeze-cast alginate (Alg)-PyACC nanocomposite scaffolds.

Selective Detection of Formaldehyde and Nitrogen Dioxide Using Innovative Modeling of SnO Surface Response to Pulsed Temperature Profile.

The need for odor measurement and pollution source identification in various sectors (aeronautic, automobile, healthcare…) has increased in the last decade. Multisensor modules, such as electronic noses, seem to be a promising and inexpensive alternative to traditional sensors that were only sensitive to one gas at a time. However, the selectivity, the non-repetitiveness of their manufacture, and their drift remain major obstacles to the use of electronic noses.

Dendrimers: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Donald A. Tomalia on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday, Recognizing His Outstanding Achievements in Advancing the Field of Dendrimers.

As the main pioneer in the field of dendrimers, a term that he coined in 1985 in reference to their tree-like structure, Prof. Donald A. Tomalia has inspired several generations of researchers worldwide [.