Multislice Spiral Computer Tomography Findings of Simple Congenital Middle Ear Malformations.

Background: Simple congenital middle ear malformations (SCMEMs) are a group of congenital ear malformations. The study aims to analyze the multi-slice spiral computer tomography (MSCT) manifestations of normal ears and SCMEM ears.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the MSCT manifestations of normal ears and SCMEM ears and to evaluate the relationship between the SCMEM and the tympanic segment of the FNC pathway.

Intraosseous Venous Malformations of the Head and Neck.

Intraosseous venous malformations represent a subtype of venous vascular malformations that arise primarily in bone. In the head and neck, intraosseous venous malformations are most frequently found in the skull, skull base, and facial skeleton, with location at the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve perhaps the most widely recognized. These non-neoplastic lesions are characterized by dilated venous channels with characteristic internal bony spicules on CT but may present with a more complex appearance on MR imaging and may share features with more aggressive lesions.

Unexpected Branch Malformation of the Facial Nerve during Stapes Surgery: Comparison between Intraoperative and Radiographic Findings.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of facial nerve (FN) bifurcation in patients who undergo stapes surgery, and to ascertain the correlation between the intraoperative and radiographic findings in cases where an unexpected branch malformation for patients undergoing stapes surgery. Patients who underwent stapes surgery were retroactively examined for confirmed FN bifurcation. Among the 887 patients, 10 had a bifurcated FN confirmed during surgery and had a preoperative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan.

Sonographic reference values of cranial nerve size: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction/aims: Ultrasonography of the cranial nerves has recently gained attention for assessment of inflammatory, compressive, or degenerative neuropathies. However, sonographic reference values of cranial nerves have received less attention than those of peripheral nerves. In this systematic review and meta-analysis we aimed to provide current evidence of sonographic reference values for cranial nerve size.

The Results of Cochlear Implantation in the Inner Ear Malformations.

Background: Cochlear implants are arguably the most successful neural prosthesis today. Cochlear implantation has several difficulties in patients with internal ear anomalies. This study was performed to analyze intraoperative, postoperative findings, and auditory performance of 55 patients who had inner ear malformations and were treated with cochlear implants at Otorhinolaryngology Department of Çukurova University Hospital.

Effect of Ultrasound Therapy on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors, CD31 and Functional Recovery After Facial Nerve Injury.

Functional recovery is provided by some neurotrophic factors released from the near vicinity of the injury site. Ultrasound treatment is known to increase neurotrophic factor expression. This study was aimed at determining the effect of ultrasound treatment on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors and new vessel formation after facial nerve injury.

[The role of triangular space of ear canal-parotid-mastoid in the surgery for first branchial cleft anomalies].

To explore the role of triangular space of ear canal-parotid-mastoid in the operation of the first branchial cleft deformity. The clinical features and intraoperative characteristics of 25 cases with first branchial cleft anomalies who underwent surgery from September 2011 to September 2019 were analyzed, and the role of the triangular space of ear canal-parotid-mastoid in the surgery was explored. Following dissecting and lesions removel of the triangular space of ear canal-parotid-mastoid, all the lesions were resected completely.

Association of Ear Anomalies and Hearing Loss Among Children With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Objective: To identify inner and middle ear anomalies in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and determine associations with hearing thresholds.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Development of the Geniculate Ganglion in Human Fetuses.

Aim: To present the quantitative development of the geniculate ganglion (GG) in foetal cadavers.

Material And Methods: This study focused on 60 temporal bones of 30 (15 female and 15 male) foetuses aged 18?30 weeks of gestation (mean age, 22.83 ± 3.

Microanatomy of the Frontal Branch of the Facial Nerve: The Role of Nerve Caliber and Axonal Capacity.

Background: A commonly seen issue in facial palsy patients is brow ptosis caused by paralysis of the frontalis muscle powered by the frontal branch of the facial nerve. Predominantly, static methods are used for correction. Functional restoration concepts include the transfer of the deep temporal branch of the trigeminal nerve and cross-facial nerve grafts.

Analysis of the Clinical Features and Surgical Outcomes of First Branchial Cleft Anomalies.

Objectives: To analyze the clinical features and otologic manifestations of first branchial cleft anomalies (FBCAs) and the disparity between Work's classification, and to explore the relationships between postoperative facial paralysis and features of FBCAs.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical study.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 109 patients with FBCAs was conducted, including clinical characteristics and otologic features.

Cochlear Implantation in Inner Ear Malformations: Considerations Related to Surgical Complications and Communication Skills.

Introduction: There are particular challenges in the implantation of malformed cochleae, such as in cases of facial nerve anomalies, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, erroneous electrode insertion, or facial stimulation, and the outcomes may differ depending on the severity of the malformation. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of inner ear malformations (IEMs) on surgical complications and outcomes of cochlear implantation.

Methods: In order to assess the impact of IEMs on cochlear implant (CI) outcomes, 2 groups of patients with similar epidemiological parameters were selected from among 863 patients.

First branchial arch cyst in an elderly patient: diagnostic dilemma and subsequent management.

The branchial system plays a significant role in the embryological development of the many internal and external human body structures. Failure of normal development of these systems may result in branchial system anomalies. Anomalies of the first branchial cleft are rare and account for 1-8% of all branchial anomalies.

A bibliometric analysis of research on the treatment of facial nerve palsy.

Background: There are various treatments for facial nerve palsy, and research into this topic is ongoing. In the present study, we carried out bibliometric and visualized analyses to identify the trends of research into facial nerve palsy treatment.

Methods: To identify articles, the SCOPUS database was searched for articles published from its inception to December 27, 2020.

Congenital Aural Atresia: What the Radiologist Needs to Know?

Congenital aural atresia (CAA) is characterized by hypoplasia or aplasia of external auditory canal associated with auricular deformity. It also embodies a spectrum of temporal bone abnormalities including anomalies of middle ear, ossicles, facial nerve, oval window, round window, mastoid pneumatization, temporomandibular joint and occasionally inner ear and vascular anomalies. The management in such patients is variable and consists of rehabilitative hearing aids or surgical correction depending on various patient factors like associated temporal bone abnormalities, degree of hearing impairment and laterality.

Internal auditory canal hypoplasia associated with bilateral vestibulocochlear nerve aplasia and deviant facial nerve course: A case report and MRI findings.

The evaluation of internal auditory canals and cochlea has gained significant importance due to the increasing number of cochlear implantations worldwide. This region's anatomical study is essential for cochlear implant surgery using magnetic resonance imaging as the method of choice. We report a case of a 6-year-old male patient diagnosed with a rare bilateral malformation of the internal auditory canals associated with an aberrant course of the facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve aplasia.

Absent pyramidal eminence and stapedial tendon associated with congenital stapes footplate fixation: Intraoperative and radiographic findings.

Objective: Report an association between congenital stapes footplate fixation (CSFF) and radiological absence of the pyramidal eminence and stapedial tendon.

Patients: Children and adults with intraoperatively confirmed CSFF and an absent stapedial tendon.

Interventions: Computed tomography (CT); exploratory tympanotomy with stapedotomy.

The sternohyoid muscle flap for new dynamic facial reanimation technique: Anatomical study and clinical results.

Background: Long-term facial nerve palsy has a highly negative impact on patients' quality of life. In 2016, Alam reported one case of facial reanimation with the sternohyoid muscle after publishing a preclinical study in 2013. Despite the potentially ideal characteristics of this muscle for reanimation of facial palsy, this technique is still not widely used.

Effects of chitosan and platelet-rich plasma on facial nerve regeneration in an animal model.

Purpose: There is still no widely-accepted local agent proven to be effective in nerve regeneration. We aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan gel and platelet-rich plasma MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electrophysiological measurements were performed before and immediately after injury. The injured nerves were covered with spongostan impregnated with the following agents: Group 1 (Control Group): Saline at a dose of 50 µl; Group 2: Chitosan (CHT) at a dose of 50 µl; Group 3: PRP at a dose of 50 ml; and Group 4: a solution of CHT with PRP (1:1).

Otopathologic Abnormalities in CHARGE Syndrome.

Objective: To perform an otopathologic analysis of temporal bones (TBs) with CHARGE syndrome.

Study Design: Otopathologic study of human TB specimens.

Setting: Otopathology laboratories.

Optic Nerve Aplasia.

Objective: Optic nerve aplasia (ONA) is a rare ocular anomaly. We report ophthalmologic, systemic, and genetic findings in ONA.

Methods: Patients were identified through an International Pediatric Ophthalmology listserv and from the practice of the senior author.

Auricular reconstruction using Medpor combined with different hearing rehabilitation approaches for microtia.

Background: Congenital microtia-atresia affects patients in two specific ways: severe conductive hearing loss and difficulty in integrating into social environments due to auricle malformation.

Aims/objectives: To investigate the safety and efficacy of single-stage auricular reconstruction and hearing rehabilitation in children with microtia and external auditory canal atresia.

Material And Methods: From January 2016 to December 2019, we included 32 patients with microtia and external canal atresia who received auricle reconstruction with high-density polyethylene (Medpor) framework and three different hearing rehabilitation approaches at the Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

A novel cochlear measurement that predicts inner-ear malformation.

The A-value used in cochlear duct length (CDL) estimation does not take malformed cochleae into consideration. The objective was to determine the A-value reported in the literature, to assess the accuracy of the A-value measurement and to evaluate a novel cochlear measurement in distinguishing malformed cochlea. High resolution Computer Tomography images in the oblique coronal plane/cochlear view of 74 human temporal bones were analyzed.