A Geometric Morphometric Study on the Rat Mandible.

The aim of the study was to investigate the shape of the mandible in Wistar albino rats using the geometric morphometric method. However, 'Is the shape of the mandible different in rats depending on gender?' the question formed the hypothesis of the study. For this purpose, a total of 52 rat mandibles, 31 female and 21 male rats, were used in the study.

[Primary chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible in children: etiology and diagnostics].

Primary chronic osteomyelitis (PCO) is a rare non-bacterial autoinflammatory severe disease that most often affects children aged 7 to 12 years and is much less common in adults. The most common areas of lesion are long tubular bones, however, any bones of the skeleton, including the lower jaw, can be affected. The clinical picture of this disease is complex and similar to many tumor and tumor-like bone lesions, which often leads to a significant delay in making a correct diagnosis.

Transcriptomic profiling of thyroid eye disease orbital fat demonstrates differences in adipogenicity and IGF-1R pathway.

Despite recent advances in the treatment of thyroid eye disease thyroid-related eye disease (TED), marked gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly concerning the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathway. To dissect the pathophysiology of TED, we used single-nucleus RNA-Seq to analyze orbital fat specimens from both patients with TED and matched individuals acting as controls. The analysis demonstrated a marked increase in the proportion of fibroblasts transitioning to adipogenesis in the orbital fat of patients with TED compared with that in control patients.

Maxillary sinus volume changes in individuals with different craniofacial skeletal patterns: CBCT study.

Background: The maxillary sinus, which is crucial for craniofacial growth, is the largest and earliest sinus to develop among the paranasal sinuses. Our study aimed to evaluate the maxillary sinus volume (MSV) in individuals with different sagittal skeletal patterns via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: In this study, CBCT images of 106 retrospectively selected patients (62 females and 42 males) were included.

A Comparison of Endoscope-Assisted and Open Frontoorbital Distraction for the Treatment of Unicoronal Craniosynostosis.

Background: Frontoorbital distraction osteogenesis (FODO) is an established surgical technique for patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis. The authors' institution has used an endoscope-assisted technique (endo-FODO) in recent years to decrease cutaneous scarring and lessen the impact on the functional growth matrix. This study compared perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing endo-FODO to those in patients undergoing the traditional coronal approach.

Otocephaly Diagnosed Prenatally: A Case Study of a Rare Congenital Defect.

Background: Agnathia-otocephaly complex (AOC) is a rare and complex craniofacial malformation characterized by mandibular hypoplasia or agnathia, auricular fusion, microstomia with oroglossal hypoplasia or aglossia. It has a very bad prognosis and can arise alone or in conjunction with heart defects and forebrain abnormalities.

Case Report: A standard second-trimester ultrasound exam was recommended for, a 23-year-old primigravida woman who was at 22 weeks gestation.

Three-dimensional digital anatomical measurements of pterygoid plates and posterior maxillary region.

Background: The posterior maxilla and skull base is a region with a complex anatomy. Accurate resection of the pterygoid plate is critical during a maxillectomy procedure. However, there is a paucity of functional and anatomical studies on the pterygoid plate and skull base.

Impacted supernumerary tooth in the horizontal plate of palatine bone: a rare case report.

Background: Supernumerary teeth, defined as extra teeth beyond the normal series of dentition, can appear anywhere in the dental arch. They may present as solitary or multiple, unilateral or bilateral, and can be either erupted or impacted. Rarely, supernumerary teeth are found in ectopic locations outside the dental arches, such as the nasal cavity, inferior nasal conchae, maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus, or skull.

Evaluation of root and root canal morphology of mandibular and maxillary canine teeth in Turkish subpopulation by cone beam computed tomography with using two classification systems.

Background: Knowledge of root and canal morphology is a prerequisite for effective nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatments. The aim of this cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of permanent canines in a Turkish subpopulation using two classification systems.

Methods: A total of 2,000 canine teeth were examined.

Linsitinib inhibits IGF-1-induced cell proliferation and hyaluronic acid secretion by suppressing PI3K/Akt and ERK pathway in orbital fibroblasts from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), an autoimmune disorder of the retrobulbar tissue, is present in up to 50 percent of Graves's hyperthyroidism patients. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) has received attention as a target for the development of therapeutic agent for TAO. IGF-1R and TSHR (thyroid stimulating hormone receptor) interact with each other to form a physical or functional complex, further promoting the development of TAO.

Artificial intelligence versus semi-automatic segmentation of the inferior alveolar canal on cone-beam computed tomography scans: A pilot study.

Background: The inferior alveolar canal (IAC) is a fundamental mandibular structure. It is important to conduct a precise pre-surgical evaluation of the IAC to prevent complications. Recently, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated potential as a valuable tool for dentists, particularly in the field of oral and maxillofacial radiology.

Morphometric Study on the Mandible of Colobine Fossil (Mesopithecus pentelicus) Found in East Asia, a Comparison With Extant Taxa.

A tooth-bearing mandible fossil of a colobine monkey discovered at Shuitangba, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China, was morphometrically analyzed and compared with extant Asian colobines. Our previous qualitative and quantitative descriptions indicate that it can be safely attributed to Mesopithecus pentelicus, a Miocene fossil colobine widely found in Europe and South Asia. The present research aims to explore fossil association with extant colobines and functionally propose its dietary preferences based on multivariate morphometric analyses of mandibular morphology.

The value of signal intensity ratios of orbital tissue to white matter of orbital MRI in evaluating graves' orbitopathy.

Absract: PURPOSE: To investigate the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of orbital tissue to white matter in orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing graves' orbitopathy (GO).

Methods: This study enrolled a total of 42 patients (79 eyes) with GO as the GO group, 10 patients (20 eyes) diagnosed with graves' disease (GD) without orbitopathy during the same period as the GD group, and 23 normal individuals with negative MRI results and no thyroid or eye diseases as the healthy control (HC) group. The signal intensity of the lacrimal gland (LG), extraocular muscle (EOM), ipsilateral temporal muscle (TM), ramus mandibulae, and white matter (WM) on MRI images was measured.

Temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles morphometry and morphology in healthy subjects and individuals with temporomandibular dysfunction: An anatomical, radiological, and machine learning application study.

The study aimed to compare the morphometric and morphologic analyses of the bone structures of temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles on Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in 62 healthy subjects and 33 subjects with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMDS) aged between 18 and 56 years. In addition, a machine learning (ML) pipeline involving the Random Forest classifier was used to automatically detect TMDS. Thirty parameters (including age and gender) associated with the condylar process, articular tubercle, mandibular fossa, ramus mandible, joint space, and masticatory muscles were examined using CBCT.

A New Approach for Orbital Wall Reconstruction in a Rabbit Animal Model Using a Hybrid Hydroxyapatite-Collagen-Based Implant.

Reconstructing the orbit following complex craniofacial fractures presents significant challenges. Throughout the years, several materials have been used for orbital reconstruction, taking into account factors such as their durability, compatibility with living tissue, cost efficiency, safety, and capacity to be adjusted during surgery. Nevertheless, a consensus has not yet been reached on the optimal material for orbital restoration.

PTH1R Suppressed Apoptosis of Mesenchymal Progenitors in Mandibular Growth.

Genetic abnormalities of the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) lead to profound craniomaxillofacial bone and dentition defects on account of inappropriate tissue metabolism and cellular differentiation. The coordinated activity of differentiation and viability in bone cells is indispensable for bone metabolism. Recent research demonstrates mesenchymal progenitors are responsive to PTH1R signaling for osteogenic differentiation, whereas the effect of PTH1R on cellular survival remains incompletely understood.

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma originating from a mandibular odontogenic cyst: A case report.

Malignant transformation arising in the background of jaw cysts is a rare and often misdiagnosed condition, particularly when developing from residual root-derived cysts. We present a case of epithelial malignancy originating from a residual root-derived cyst in the mandible of a man around 50 years old. Histological evaluation of the sections revealed that the epithelial lining of the cystic lesion contained well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma components.

Influence of gingival margin height variation on perceived aesthetics following absent maxillary lateral incisor-canine substitution.

Background: Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is often managed with orthodontic space closure and canine substitution. Anatomic gingival margin heights associated with the maxillary anterior teeth are considered important for achieving aesthetic excellence with space closure, but evidence relating to the perceptions of lay people is poor.

Objectives: This study investigated the influence of gingival margin height variation in the maxillary anterior teeth following orthodontic space closure and canine substitution in the absence of maxillary lateral incisor teeth on perceived aesthetics judged by a lay population.

Advantages and limitations of orbital rim resection in transorbital endoscopic approach: an anatomical study.

Background: Endoscopic transorbital approach (eTOA) has been recently proposed as an alternative skull base approach. However, its feasibility for deeper lesions can be hampered by a reduced surgical maneuverability. Aim of this study is to consider how its extension through orbital rim resection can overcome this limitation, and to compare two different techniques for its removal.

Accuracy of augmented reality navigated surgery for placement of zygomatic implants: a human cadaver study.

Purpose: Placement of zygomatic implants in the most optimal prosthetic position is considered challenging due to limited bone mass of the zygoma, limited visibility, length of the drilling path and proximity to critical anatomical structures. Augmented reality (AR) navigation can eliminate some of the disadvantages of surgical guides and conventional surgical navigation, while potentially improving accuracy. In this human cadaver study, we evaluated a developed AR navigation approach for placement of zygomatic implants after total maxillectomy.

Jaw vs abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma: An analysis of 25 Iraqi cases.

Objectives: This study compared the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical characteristics and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) detection of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in the abdomen and jaw of Iraqi patients.

Methods: A cohort/retrospective study was carried out between August and September 2024 using 25 tissue blocks (14 gnathic and 11 abdominal BL) from the Oral and Maxillofacial Laboratory, University of Baghdad, College of Dentistry, and the National Centre for Educational Laboratories. The sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), while CD10, CD20, Bcl-2, BCl-6, C-Myc and Ki-67 markers were used for diagnosis.

Otologic Manifestations in Patients with Achondroplasia: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Achondroplasia, the most prevalent form of skeletal dysplasia involving short stature, necessitates a multidisciplinary approach that includes otology and auditory rehabilitation. Despite this, the clinical characteristics of hearing loss and otologic manifestations in achondroplasia patients remain poorly defined. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and treatment outcomes of otologic disease in individuals with achondroplasia.

Ecological drivers of jaw morphological evolution in lepidosaurs.

Ecology is a key driver of morphological evolution during adaptive radiations, but alternative factors like phylogeny and allometry can have a strong influence on morphology. Lepidosaurs, the most diverse clade of tetrapods, including lizards and snakes, have evolved a remarkable variety of forms and adapted to disparate ecological niches, representing an ideal case study to understand drivers of morphological evolution. Here, we quantify morphological variation in the lower jaw using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics on a broad sample of 153 lepidosaur species.

Investigating the relationship between the type of occlusion and mandibular radiomorphometric indices in patients with normal facial height.

Background: The ability to predict the extent and direction of horizontal growth of the patient's face at an early age allows clinicians to timely identify cases that require treatment during the growth period and to ensure that appropriate treatment can be administered.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the antegonial angle, gonial angle, antegonial notch depth, and the type of the antegonial notch on predicting horizontal facial growth in individuals with normal facial height.

Material And Methods: In this descriptive analytic study, lateral and panoramic radiographs of 180 patients aged 17-30 years with normal facial height who were referred to the School of Dentistry of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and private dental clinics were investigated.