Pyramidal multiple-theory (multi-type, multi-method and multi-layer) for facial fat grafting.

Background: Age-related changes to the face pertinent anatomy and important aspects of autologous fat grafting have been widely applied in facial rejuvenation. Various types of autologous fat products (Macrofat, Microfat, SEFF, nanofat, and SVF-gel) with different properties and applicabilities have been introduced and available for surgeons.

Methods: Key differences between common techniques for fat processing and infiltration.

The Short Neck: Challenges and Techniques.

Establishing a pleasant cervical contour in short-neck patients is of one the most difficult challenges for a facial plastic surgeon. Subplatysmal volume reduction, platysma tightening, and skin distribution adequately coupled with the middle third facelift are the pillars of the surgical approach. Additionally, treating the small chin, which is frequently observed in these patients, improves the overall result.

Essential Surgical Anatomy for Facelift.

It is crucial for a facelift surgeon to have a comprehensive understanding of ageing-related changes on the volume, elasticity, and relative position of various facial tissues and layers. These changes lead to an alteration in the surface topography, contour, and ultimately shape of the face. The depressions and sagging of tissues created as a result of ageing then has a bearing on one's perceived age.

Modified facelift in severe plexiform neurofibromatosis associated with venous vascular malformation: Case report.

Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by tumors of the nervous system and skin. Plexiform neurofibromas are common complications of neurofibromatosis type 1 and can cause large facial deformities. Vascular anomalies are in turn a rare manifestation of neurofibromatosis.

[Application of modified facelift incision in parotid gland surgery].

To explore the safety and aesthetic effect of modified facelift incision in parotidectomy for benign parotid tumors. By prospective study, 63 patients with benign parotid tumor were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group underwent modified facelift incision（MFI）, while the control group underwent Blair incision（BI）.

Studying Dynamics of Mid-face Lifting During Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection Using Ultrasound Imaging.

Background: The ageing in the mid-face involves volume deficiency in multiple anatomical units, including the zygomatic arch, infraorbital region, medial and lateral cheek and nasolabial fold (NLF). Hyaluronic acid (HA) is extensively used in the minimally invasive procedures of mid-face rejuvenation.

Objectives: MD Codes is proposed to perform combined treatment of multiple sites to reduce treatment variability and increase clinician success rates.

Advanced Endoscopic Techniques in Asian Facial Rejuvenation.

Asian anatomy and concepts of beauty differ from whites. Traditional SMAS face-lifts are developed based on a white patient population and not ideal to achieve the aesthetic goals of Asian patients. The characteristics of the ideal facial rejuvenation techniques for Asians comprise hidden incisions to avoid hypertrophic scarring and cultural stigma.

Research Hotspots and Emerging Trends of Facial Rejuvenation: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: In recent years, the demand for facial rejuvenation is increasing year by year. This study aims to use bibliometric analysis to construct a visualization map of the facial rejuvenation research and provide the research hotspots and trend frontiers in the field.

Methods: Publications on facial rejuvenation research were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database.

The Deep Fascia of the Infraorbital Region, Deep Plane, and Suprafibromuscular Facelift: New Anatomy for Safer Facelifting.

Deep-plane rhytidectomy, first described by Skoog, has had a resurgence in popularity and is in high demand today. We describe anatomical findings that establish the presence of a true deep fascia in the midface, we named as Chiara's fascia, like the first author's first name, which helps to form the facial ligaments and is contiguous with the superficial layer of the deep temporal fascia. This fascia inserts on the periosteum of the inferior orbital rim at the arcus marginalis and separates the suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) from the preperiosteal fat.

Three sublayers in the SMAS: Observations of facial soft tissue using the stretched tissue dissection method focusing on the SMAS.

The characteristics of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), including the morphology of each part and the connection between tissues, remain controversial. The purpose of this study is to clarify the anatomy of the SMAS using our new dissection method. In this study, six hemi-sides of heads from formalin-preserved cadavers were used.

THE CONTENT OF METALLOPROTEINASE-2 AND METALLOPROTEINASE-9 IN THE SKIN OF RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES AFTER CLOSURE OF THE WOUND BED.

Objective: The aim: The aim of the study was to determine the content of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the skin of rats of different ages after closure of the wound bed.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The studies were performed on 40 white nonlinear male rats, 20 of which were 3 months old and 20 - 12 months. In each group 10 rats were control and in 10 others facelift operations were performed and cut wounds on the anterior abdominal wall were simulated.

Intraoral Approach to Fat Grafting Based on the Mimetic Muscle Unit.

Background: Recently, the concepts of anatomic-based fat grafting and mid-facial anatomy have been studied. However, there is no clear consensus on the optimal fat grafting technique. We aimed to introduce a novel intraoral approach to fat grafting based on mid-facial mimetic muscles, wherein a substantial amount of fat was injected into appropriate locations to increase patient satisfaction and decrease the need for additional surgical techniques.

Extent of Utilization of Radiologic Images in Gross Anatomy Teaching, the Experience of Ethiopian Medical Schools.

Background: One of the greatest developments in modern medicine is the strides taken in radiology. Today, thanks to high-tech devices like computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound, a noninvasive glimpse into the human interior has been made possible. These recent developments have revolutionized how doctors see anatomy.

Enhanced study of facial soft tissues using a novel large scale histology technique.

The safety and effectiveness of facial cosmetic surgery procedures are dependent on detailed 3D understanding of the complex surgical anatomy of the face. Traditional, small sample size anatomical dissection studies have limitations in providing definitive clarification of the fascial layers of the face, and especially in their relationship with the facial nerve, and their reaction to surgical manipulation. The objective study of large tissue areas is required to effectively demonstrate the broader architecture.

A facelift procedure for resection of a branchial cleft cysts.

Objectives: Branchial cleft cysts (BCCs) are common in daily practice, however, BCC patients suffer aesthetic problems due to postoperative scars on visible parts after surgery. To analyze the feasibility, surgical outcomes and possible risks and complications encountered during a facelift procedure for patients with BCC.

Methods: This retrospective analysis examined patients who had undergone surgery for branchial cleft cyst using a facelift procedure (n = 16) or conventional transcervical resection (n = 20) at our institutes between April 2015 and August 2021.

A New Complex Minimally Invasive Thread Lift Method for One-Time Three-Step Fixation of the Face and Neck Soft Tissues.

 In recent years thread lift has become widespread; however, existing methods need to improve their long-term outcome, which requires considering topographic anatomy of face and neck, especially the ligamentous apparatus. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of an innovative method of one-time three-step thread facelift, which provides an additional support to the ligamentous structures of the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the face and neck.  The study included 357 patients aged 32 to 67 years with various morphotypes of aging.

Ultrasonographic analyses of Crow's feet and novel guideline for botulinum toxin injection.

Background: Crow's feet are bilateral orbital wrinkles formed by the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle, which is the target muscle for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection.

Objectives: This study's aim was to demonstrate a novel BoNT injection guideline by assessing muscle width, thickness, and dynamic features using ultrasonography.

Methods: Twenty healthy Korean volunteers (10 men, 10 women; mean age, 25.

Brow Anatomy and Aesthetics of the Upper Face.

The surgical approach to the brow has changed perhaps more than any other facial esthetic procedure in the past 20 years. Understanding the functional anatomy of the upper face is the best means of maximizing results and minimizing untoward events in this region. The surgical and clinical correlation is addressed in detail in this article.

Facelift Techniques: An Overview.

Facelift techniques can be classified according to the depth and extent of the dissection applied. Imbrication and plication of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) referred to as "SMAS lifts" or "classical facelifts" are the most commonly used techniques. Plication techniques involve in-folding of the SMAS and suture suspension without any SMAS incision whereas imbrication techniques involve a SMAS incision with a portion of the SMAS either removed or transposed with or without limited sub-SMAS dissection.

Analysis of the Outcome of Reoperative Face Lifts Using Sub-SMAS Techniques.

Background: Reoperative face lift can be technically more demanding than primary face lift because of altered anatomy and scarred tissue plane. This study was carried out to analyze the outcome of reoperative face lift using sub-superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) techniques, including facial nerve injury.

Methods: Seventy reoperative face lifts using sub-SMAS techniques were studied.

Deep Plane Anatomy for the Facelift Surgeon: A Comprehensive Three-Dimensional Journey.

Strong command of facial anatomy is paramount for all facelift surgeons. A comprehensive understanding of how aging impacts facial anatomy is equally important for effective preoperative evaluation of the patient undergoing facelift surgery. Key areas for assessment of the patient undergoing facelift surgery are addressed.

Rhabdomyosarcoma Arising in an Old Rhytidectomy Scar.

Objective: The clinical evaluation and management of an adult with head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma is explored to delineate the diagnostic challenge posed by soft-tissue sarcomas bordering scar tissue.

Case Report: A 59 year old female presents with persistent, evolving paresthesia and burning in the right posterior neck, which was found to be in close proximity to a well-healed rhytidectomy scar. Serial biopsies were non-diagnostic.

The MICRO-Lift: A Ligaments-Based Anatomic Technique for Lower Face and Neck Rejuvenation Using Bipolar Radiofrequency.

Background: The aim of this paper is to present the results of a new technique for lower face and neck rejuvenation named the MICRO-lift (Minimally Invasive, Combined Radiofrequency, Outpatient lift). This technique is based on a bipolar radiofrequency treatment applied to specific ligamentous areas.

Methods: Inclusion criteria were patients with skin laxity of the neck and jowls, with or without fat accumulation.