The impact on emotion classification performance and gaze behavior of foveal versus extrafoveal processing of facial features.

At normal interpersonal distances all features of a face cannot fall within one's fovea simultaneously. Given that certain facial features are differentially informative of different emotions, does the ability to identify facially expressed emotions vary according to the feature fixated and do saccades preferentially seek diagnostic features? Previous findings are equivocal. We presented faces for a brief time, insufficient for a saccade, at a spatial position that guaranteed that a given feature-an eye, cheek, the central brow, or mouth-fell at the fovea.

Intramuscular Insertion of a Radiofrequency Microneedling Device for Facial Rejuvenation: A New Technique and Case Reports.

Skin laxity and dynamic rhytids that signify facial aging are due, in part, to atrophic changes and volume redistribution in the underlying layers of the face: the bone and soft tissue. A microneedling device that delivers bipolar radiofrequency (RF) energy directly to the reticular dermis has been shown to yield rejuvenated, tighter skin in 100% of patients. Herein, the author describes a modification to the standard dermal technique in which the skin is gently gathered with the nondominant hand, and the microneedling device is tilted to deliver RF energy to the mimetic muscles-including the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, and orbicularis oris-as well as the dermis.

Dynamic Brow Restoration Using a Soft Tissue Expander in Adult Patients With Arteriovenous Malformation.

Background: Impaired brow function in adult patients with arteriovenous malformation is a serious disability that can even influence the field of vision. Brow reanimation techniques are used to recover a more natural appearance and brow function. Many static procedures have been set to augment brow elevation, but only dynamic procedures can lead to better functional results.

A Novel Endoscopic Forehead Lift Technique for Patients with Upper Facial Wrinkles: Morphometric Evaluation and Patient-Reported Outcome using FACE-Q Scales.

Chinese patients more frequently complain of forehead wrinkles than eyebrow and upper eyelid ptosis. Besides the commonly used brow-lifting technique, a novel technique to satisfy the demands of Chinese patients is needed. In this article, we introduce our novel endoscopic forehead lift procedure and analyze the morphometric evaluation and patient-reported outcomes.

Endoscopic Temporal Brow Lift: Surgical Indications, Technique, and 10-Year Outcome Analysis.

Background: Brow-lift techniques have evolved from the most invasive approach, such as a coronal brow lift, to a minimally invasive technique, such as an endoscopic brow lift over the past century. Although an endoscopic brow lift offers the advantage of being minimally invasive, it suffers from a high recurrence rate. The authors present their experience of combining an endoscopic and temporal brow lift approach for long-lasting results, and discuss the surgical indication, techniques, and outcome of an endoscopic temporal brow lift.

Histologic Evaluation of Nonvisual Afferent Sensory Upper Eyelid Proprioception.

Purpose: Recent research has suggested a possible role for proprioception in ipsilateral frontalis activation in the setting of ptosis; however, there has not been any robust histologic or anatomic evidence to support this theory. To further elucidate proprioceptive structures in the eyelid, this investigation uses validated histologic techniques to explore the presence of proprioceptive structures or afferent neural networks in the Levator Palpebrae Superioris (LPS) and Müller muscle.

Methods: Müller muscle and LPS samples were evaluated by a laboratory with extensive experience with the histology of extraocular muscle proprioception.

Management of a Large Congenital Hemangioma Obstructing Visual Axis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Congenital hemangiomas comprise a subset of vascular tumors with clinicopathologic features that are distinct from the more common infantile hemangioma. The authors present a patient with a large congenital hemangioma involving the forehead and brow which obstructed the visual axis and created significant risk for deprivational amblyopia. Management of the congenital hemangioma involved customized headgear to clear the visual axis and early vascular embolization of feeder vessels with the subsequent successful surgical resection at 23 days of life.

Landmarks in Facial Rejuvenation Surgery: The Top 50 Most Cited Articles.

Background: Facial rejuvenation procedures are common in plastic surgery.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to report the 50 most cited articles in the field of aesthetic facial rejuvenation surgery and provide a simple educational resource for plastic surgeons.

Methods: The authors utilized the Web of Science Citation Index to identify the 50 most cited articles related to surgery for facial rejuvenation published from 1950 to 2019.

The K-Wire Fixation Technique for Endoscopic Brow Lift: A Long-Term Follow-Up.

Background: Many techniques have been presented for fixation during endoscopic brow lift, but no singular technique has become dominant.

Objectives: The authors described a technique for fixation for endoscopic brow lift that is inexpensive, easy to use, and versatile and has minimal morbidity.

Methods: The charts of 284 patients who underwent the K-wire fixation technique between December 1996 and September 2018 were reviewed.

Botulinum Toxin to Treat Horizontal Forehead Lines: A Refined Injection Pattern Accommodating the Lower Frontalis.

Background: When treating horizontal forehead lines with botulinum toxin type A the traditional approach requires that injection points should stay 1.5 to 2 cm above the orbital rim to avoid brow ptosis. Failure to treat the lower frontalis may potentially cause worse rhytides in the lower forehead.

Multicenter Efficacy Trial of a Percutaneous Radiofrequency System for the Reduction of Glabellar Lines.

Background: Bipolar percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) is an established method for ablation of distal peripheral branches of the facial nerve to produce weakness of the corrugator muscle. Recent developments to the Serene RF system (Serene Medical, Inc., Pleasanton, CA) allowing for safer and more predictable results highlighted a need for prospective clinical data.

Periocular Asymmetry in Infants with Deformational Posterior Plagiocephaly.

Purpose: To analyze the clinical significance of the periorbital features associated with the facial asymmetry that is common in deformational posterior plagiocephaly (DPP).

Patients And Methods: We identified 32 patients with DPP, photographed their faces and tops of their head, and performed a complete eye examination. Four examiners analyzed the patient's periorbital features on the photographs.

Facial Features Underlying the Decoding of Pain Expressions.

Previous research has revealed that the face is a finely tuned medium for pain communication. Studies assessing the decoding of facial expressions of pain have revealed an interesting discrepancy, namely that, despite eyes narrowing being the most frequent facial expression accompanying pain, individuals mostly rely on brow lowering and nose wrinkling/upper lip raising to evaluate pain. The present study verifies if this discrepancy may reflect an interaction between the features coding pain expressions and the features used by observers and stored in their mental representations.

[Clinical and laboratory characteristics and genetic diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome].

To investigate the clinical features, laboratory characteristics and genetic diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome (KS). Between September 2014 and September 2016, seven children with clinically diagnosed KS from the neurology department, Beijing Children Hospital, Capital Medical University were included in this study. Three of them were male and 4 were female aged from 19 days to 6 years and 4 months with a median age of 3 years and 1 month.

Appreciation of the Vascular Anatomy of Aesthetic Forehead Reflation.

Background: Worldwide, the brow is the most common facial site to receive aesthetic treatment. However, the forehead above the brows has been comparatively less well studied with respect to both neuromodulators and fillers. Age-related remodeling of the forehead with loss of facial bone has been demonstrated on detailed radiographic studies.

Surgical treatment of severe congenital ptosis using deep temporal fascia.

To evaluate the surgical outcome of a frontalis sling using deep temporal fascia in the treatment of severe congenital ptosis (SCP). A retrospective, interventional case series was performed. The study involved 25 patients with SCP (>4 mm).

Eye damage due to cosmetic ultrasound treatment: a case report.

Background: Rejuvenation of aging eyelids is one of cosmetic changes to the individual to create the appearance of youth. Tightening treatment of eyelid by ultrasonic heat could possibly develop acute eye injury, including acute increase of IOP, cataract and rarely myopia.

Case Presentation: A case report of rejuvenation tightening treatment caused eye injury with 6 months' follow-up.

Feminizing the Face: Combination of Frontal Bone Reduction and Reduction Rhinoplasty.

Gender affirmation surgeries in male-to-female patient transitioning include breast augmentation, genital construction, and facial feminization surgery (FFS). FFS improves mental health and quality of life in transgender patients. The nose and forehead are critical in facial attractiveness and gender identity; thus, frontal brow reduction and rhinoplasty are a mainstay of FFS.

Classification images characterize age-related deficits in face discrimination.

Face perception is impaired in older adults, but the cause of this decline is not well understood. We examined this issue by measuring Classification Images (CIs) in a face discrimination task in younger and older adults. Faces were presented in static, white visual noise, and face contrast was varied with a staircase to maintain an accuracy rate of ≈71%.

Horizontal Forehead Lines: A Reflection of Eyelid Ptosis or Blepharodermachalasia.

Background: In his facial aesthetics practice, the senior author (B.G.) observed that many patients presenting with horizontal forehead lines also demonstrated upper eyelid ptosis or enough blepharodermachalasia to require compensation.

Treatment of Cosmetic Tattoos: A Review and Case Analysis.

Background: Cosmetic tattoos such as eyeliner, brow liner, and lip liner have become increasingly popular in the United States and throughout the world. For a variety of reasons, patients frequently regret their tattoos and request their removal; however, removal is often complicated by the aesthetically sensitive location of these specialized tattoos and the fact that they often contain white metallic compounds that darken on pigment-specific laser irradiation.

Objective: To review the clinical use, effectiveness, and safety of an ablative laser technique for cosmetic tattoos.

Use of 'Trocar Site Closure Device' for Frontalis Brow Suspension.

Ptosis correction by Fox Pentagon technique of frontalis brow suspension, using 'trocar site closure device' for placement of banked fascia lata is presented. The use of this device was found to be safe, secure, smooth, and stable. It has a gently tapered cutting upper edge and a blunt front, and is less traumatic as compared to the conventional Wright's fascia needle or the 18 gauge needle which are sharper and could cause an inadvertent and relatively more damage to the eyelids' delicate tissues.

Histopathologic Findings of Linear Scleroderma Displaying Focal Trichiasis Secondary to Tarsal Thinning.

Linear scleroderma en coup de sabre with ophthalmic findings has been previously described in the literature on numerous occasions. A 57-year-old woman presented with focal trichiasis secondary to tarsal thinning, adjacent to a linear brow and forehead deformity consistent with linear scleroderma en coup de sabre. Cases of linear scleroderma en coup de sabre involving the eyelids have been reported, most often with madarosis, ptosis, or skin atrophy; however, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of linear scleroderma associated with trichiasis and involvement of the deeper eyelid tissues, particularly the tarsus.

Effect of Orbicularis Muscle Resection during Blepharoplasty on the Position of the Eyebrow.

Dermatochalasis is a skin excess in the upper eyelid which may be associated with either an aesthetic and functional defect, blocking the peripheral vision. Upper blepharoplasty is the gold standard procedure for correction of dermatochalasis and to restore youthful contours to the periorbita. It is one of the most commonly performed procedures in aesthetic plastic surgery; however, there is still a lack of consensus about this procedure.

Scalp Advancement and the Pretrichial Brow Lift.

This article will review considerations for scalp advancement, or forehead shortening, when done in combination with a brow lift. The author's technique for anterior hairline reshaping is presented with particular focus on simultaneous reduction of temporal recession.