Tomographic Evaluation of Bone Height Between the Mandibular Canal and the Inferior Cortex of the Mandible Related to Bicortical Screws Fixation.

Original Article. The surgical treatment of mandibular fractures has undergone several changes over the past 100 years, since the use of wires and intermaxillary fixation, until today where most of the fractures are treated with internal fixation using plates and screws. For the correct use of this hardware, the surgeon must have adequate knowledge of jaw anatomy to prevent complications during the insertion of screws like in fractures of the mandibular body and angle, when the screws of the plate installed in the compression zone can damage the inferior alveolar nerve within the mandibular canal.

A Novel Treatment for Convex Lateral Crura: The Inverted Spanning Suture.

Rhinoplasty is one of the most complex and challenging procedures in plastic surgery, even for experienced surgeons. Among the steps leading to an aesthetic and functional nose, there is the nasal tip improvement. Today's approach to nasal tip is the product of different techniques shifting through time, mainly from a resection tendency, to preservation and suture use to reshape cartilages.

Mandibular reconstruction with TMJ prosthesis: management of osteomyelitis after orthognathic surgery (Case Report).

This case report presents a mandible reconstruction with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prothesis for treatment of osteomyelitis infection following a bimaxillary orthognathic and genioplasty surgeries. The patient, a 41-year-old female, presented with facial pain, difficulty in opening her mouth, and mandibular deviation four months after the initial orthognathic surgery. During the four months, the patient had experienced two more surgerys post-operative for treatment of the complications.

Non-Surgical Lower Face Contouring in an Indian Patient: A Case Study.

A 31-year-old Indian female patient presented with a ptotic face with signs of lower face ageing. She was concerned about sagging, an older look, and blunting of the jawline. She wished to have a more oval and narrow face contour.

Arthroscopic Disc Suturing and Repositioning Technique for Treating Anteriorly Displaced Disc in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Posterior Anchorage Technique.

Several treatment modalities have been reported for patients with arthrogenous temporomandibular disorders. The most common temporomandibular disorder is internal derangement, usually accompanied by displacement of the articular disc. Most often anteriorly and medially displaced, patients may develop clicking, impaired jaw function, and pain.

Non-surgical Brachioplexy Using Polydioxanone Threads and Onabotulinum Toxin Type A in an Indian Female Patient: A Case Report.

Background: Polydioxanone (PDO) threads have been used to improve face sag and laxity; however, they are seldom used for body laxity. Similarly, onabotulinum toxin type A has rarely been reported for intradermal use in skin tightening.

Materials And Methods: We discuss use of PDO threads in combination with intradermal onabotulinum type A for the treatment of bilateral arm laxity after significant weight loss.

Twin Alar Rims: A Rare Type of Alar Rim Deformity and Its Correction Using "SAIL" Technique.

The beauty and golden proportions of a face are largely determined by the shape and size of the nose one inherits. When the subunits of the nasal structure are considered, the width and structure of Ala and Alar rims determine to a large extent the beauty of the nose itself. Various classifications exist to evaluate the alar rim deformities that are inherited as well as iatrogenic, but occurrence of twin alar rims as a deformity has rarely been reported.

Radiological imaging and orthodontic treatment in the case of growing patients after oncological treatment: Case reports.

According to the classification of the World Health Organization (WHO), the most common childhood malignant neoplasms include leukemia, lymphomas, and neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) and the sympathetic nervous system. Cancer diseases themselves as well as their treatment carry a high risk of both early and distant effects. The most common dentition disorders resulting from the radiotherapy of the head area and chemotherapy in patients up to the age of 6 years include root agenesis, V-shaped roots, microdontia, hypoplasia of the maxilla and the jawbone, hypodontia, and enamel hypoplasia and hypomineralization.

The Healthy Nasal Cavity-Characteristics of Morphology and Related Airflow Based on a Statistical Shape Model Viewed from a Surgeon's Perspective.

Functional surgery on the nasal framework requires referential criteria to objectively assess nasal breathing for indication and follow-up. This motivated us to generate a mean geometry of the nasal cavity based on a statistical shape model. In this study, the authors could demonstrate that the introduced nasal cavity's mean geometry features characteristics of the inner shape and airflow, which are commonly observed in symptom-free subjects.

General Precautions and Safety Aspects of Facial Laser Treatment.

The current overview of laser radiation therapy options and the legal aspects of the head and neck region provides insight into the available laser hardware, discusses the indications and treatment options and risks, as well as the necessary precautions to be taken when operating a laser device. Further handling recommendations and requirements for the laser devices are drawn and the question of transferring tasks to nonmedical personnel is discussed. The reader should get an idea about the benefits and risks of using lasers in treating patients and be able to set the precise indication on the background of possibilities, adverse effects, and legal aspects.

Indications and Use of Isotretinoin in Facial Plastic Surgery.

Isotretinoin is a first generation retinoid with pleiotropic effects on keratinocyte differentiation, proliferation, and activity of sebaceous glands. For years, there has been intense debate on whether the use of isotretinoin combined with cosmetic or surgical procedures is safe and potentially more efficient than either therapy alone. Due to delays in wound healing and keloid formation, conservative recommendations were not to combine isotretinoin with any plastic surgery or local treatment at 6 to 12 months after discontinuation of the drug.

Current Strategies in the Treatment of Scars and Keloids.

Hypertrophic scars (HTSs) and keloids are a major health concern for aesthetic and functional reasons. Despite a plethora of rapidly evolving treatment options and technical advances, the management of pathologic scarring remains difficult. The development of standardized treatment algorithms has been problematic for years due to the lack of sound randomized controlled trials.

Diagnosis and management of filler adverse effects: an algorithm.

Fillers are frequently used in beautifying procedures. Despite major advancements of the chemical and biological features of injected materials, filler-related adverse events may occur, and can substantially impact the clinical outcome. Filler granulomas become manifest as visible grains, nodules, or papules around the site of the primary injection.

Neutralizing antibodies to botulinum neurotoxin type A in aesthetic medicine: five case reports.

Botulinum neurotoxin injections are a valuable treatment modality for many therapeutic indications as well as in the aesthetic field for facial rejuvenation. As successful treatment requires repeated injections over a long period of time, secondary resistance to botulinum toxin preparations after repeated injections is an ongoing concern. We report five case studies in which neutralizing antibodies to botulinum toxin type A developed after injection for aesthetic use and resulted in secondary treatment failure.

Relative potency of incobotulinumtoxinA vs onabotulinumtoxinA a meta-analysis of key evidence.

Botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) has become widely used in aesthetic applications over the past 20 years with several formulations now available. Although widely assumed to be equipotent, recent claims that the original commercial formulation, onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®/Vistabel®, Allergan UK, Marlow, UK) is more potent than incobotulinumtoxinA (Bocouture®/Xeomin®, Merz Pharma, UK) have raised concerns that clinicians may be persuaded to increase doses to the potential detriment of their patients. To investigate this further, a review of the clinical evidence for the commercially available cosmetic formulations of BoNT-A was undertaken alongside a meta-analysis, carried out using mixed treatment analysis (MTA) methodology, of the available clinical data in the aesthetic setting.