Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab, radiation therapy, and surgery versus radiation therapy and surgery for stage III soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity (SU2C-SARC032): an open-label, randomised clinical trial.

Background: Approximately half of patients with localised, high-risk soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity develop metastases. We aimed to assess whether the addition of pembrolizumab to preoperative radiotherapy and surgery would improve disease-free survival.

Methods: We completed an open-label, randomised clinical trial in patients with grade 2 or 3, stage III undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma or dedifferentiated or pleomorphic liposarcoma of the extremity and limb girdle.

Anti-industry beliefs and attitudes mediate the effect of culturally tailored anti-smoking messages on quit intentions among sexual minority women.

We conducted a longitudinal randomized controlled experiment between September 2021 and May 2022 to evaluate whether anti-tobacco industry beliefs and attitudes mediate the effect of culturally tailored anti-smoking messages on quit intentions among US young adult sexual minority women (SMW) ages 18-30 who smoke. Participants were randomized to view up to a total of 20 tailored versus non-tailored messages over one month. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and one-month follow-up.

Innovations in Hyperpigmentation.

Photoprotection remains the foundation of treatment for all dyschromias and cosmetic camouflage as it provides concealment of pigmentation until therapeutic agents are effective. Innovations in the treatment of dyschromias encompass topical, systemic, and procedural modalities.

Betibeglogene autotemcel gene therapy in patients with transfusion-dependent, severe genotype β-thalassaemia (HGB-212): a non-randomised, multicentre, single-arm, open-label, single-dose, phase 3 trial.

Background: Transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia (TDT) is a severe disease, resulting in lifelong blood transfusions, iron overload, and associated complications. Betibeglogene autotemcel (beti-cel) gene therapy uses autologous haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) transduced with BB305 lentiviral vector to enable transfusion independence.

Methods: HGB-212 was a non-randomised, multicentre, single-arm, open-label, phase 3 study of beti-cel in patients with TDT conducted at eight centres in France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the UK, and the USA.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in solid organ transplant recipients.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are an important threat to the health of solid organ transplant recipients (SOTr); data comparing outcomes of SOTr with CRE to non-SOTr with CRE are lacking. A matched cohort study was performed within 2 prospective, multicenter, cohort studies (Consortium on Resistance Against Carbapenems in Klebsiella and other Enterobacterales and Consortium on Resistance Against Carbapenems in Klebsiella and other Enterobacterales 2). The epidemiology, desirability of outcome rankings outcomes, and mortality of SOTr and non-SOTr hospitalized in the United States (December 2011-August 2017) with clinical isolates with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-defined CRE were compared.

Machine Learning Models Leveraging Smartphone-Based Patient Mobility Data Can Accurately Predict Functional Outcomes After Spine Surgery.

The development of adjacent segment disease or the progression of spondylosis following the surgical treatment of spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis is well documented and can lead to subsequent functional decline after a successful index surgery. The early detection of negative inflection points during patients' functional recovery can improve timely intervention. In this study, we developed machine learning (ML) models to predict the occurrence of post-operative decline in patient mobility.

The natural history of neurolymphomatosis.

Background: Neurolymphomatosis is a lymphoid malignancy of the peripheral nervous system and its natural history is poorly understood.

Methods: We performed PubMed search and extracted clinical data for Kaplan-Meier statistics to determine outcome parameters over time. Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare prognostic factors.

Automated acute pain prediction in domestic goats using deep learning-based models on video-recordings.

Facial expressions are essential in animal communication, and facial expression-based pain scales have been developed for different species. Automated pain recognition offers a valid alternative to manual annotation with growing evidence across species. This study applied machine learning (ML) methods, using a pre-trained VGG-16 base and a Support Vector Machine classifier to automate pain recognition in caprine patients in hospital settings, evaluating different frame extraction rates and validation techniques.

Nodal Burden and Oncologic Outcomes in Patients With Residual Isolated Tumor Cells After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (ypN0i+): The OPBC-05/ICARO Study.

Purpose: The nodal burden of patients with residual isolated tumor cells (ITCs) in the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (ypN0i+) is unknown, and axillary management is not standardized. We investigated rates of additional positive lymph nodes (LNs) at axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and oncologic outcomes in patients with ypN0i+ treated with and without ALND.

Methods: The Oncoplastic Breast Consortium-05/ICARO cohort study (ClinicalTrials.

The Innate Immune System Surveillance Biomarker p87 in African Americans and Caucasians with Small High-Grade Dysplastic Adenoma [SHiGDA] and Right-Sided Colon Mutations May Explain the Presence of Multiple Cancers Revealing an Important Minority of Patients with Mutations and Colorectal Neoplasia.

Unlabelled: Colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes in terms of incidence and mortality are significantly worse in African Americans than other Americans. While differences in primary preventions for neoplasia (diet, obesity remediation, aspirin prophylaxis) are being elucidated, genetic mutations affecting premalignant lesions and immune response mechanisms may possibly also explain the increased incidence and mortality, particularly from right-sided disease.

Objective: Our team therefore examined colonic segments seeking to test the hypothesis that the immune response and somatic genetic profiles of the colonic anatomic segments may vary and thus account for variations in neoplasia risk among the various colonic segments revealing an antigenic relationship with precancerous lesions.

Surgical Predictors of Clinical Outcome 6 Years After Revision ACL Reconstruction.

Background: Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been documented to have inferior outcomes compared with primary ACL reconstruction. The reasons why remain unknown.

Purpose: To determine whether surgical factors performed at the time of revision ACL reconstruction can influence a patient's outcome at 6-year follow-up.

Point-of-care ultrasound training in nephrology: a position statement by the International Alliance for POCUS in Nephrology.

Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) has rapidly evolved from a niche technology to an indispensable tool across medical specialties, including nephrology. This evolution is driven by advancements in technology and the visionary efforts of clinicians in emergency medicine and beyond. Recognizing its potential, medical schools are increasingly integrating POCUS into training curricula, emphasizing its role in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and patient care.

Leveraging deep single-soma RNA sequencing to explore the neural basis of human somatosensation.

The versatility of somatosensation arises from heterogeneous dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. However, soma transcriptomes of individual human (h)DRG neurons-critical information to decipher their functions-are lacking due to technical difficulties. In this study, we isolated somata from individual hDRG neurons and conducted deep RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to detect, on average, over 9,000 unique genes per neuron, and we identified 16 neuronal types.

Actigraphy Study Endpoints to Reduce Sample Size and Facilitate Drug Development for Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of using actigraphy to measure physical activity (pA) and heart rate variability (HRV) as study endpoints in pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to compare their performance to 6-minute-walk distance (6MWD), a common primary endpoint used in PAH clinical trials in adults and children who can walk and understand the test process.

Study Design: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, noninterventional study in pediatric PAH patients and healthy children. Actiheart and Fitbit Charge 2 recorded pA and heart rate data.

Mast cell MrgprB2 in neuroimmune interaction in IgE-mediated airway inflammation and its modulation by β-arrestin2.

Introduction: Allergic asthma has been linked to the activation of mast cells (MCs) by the neuropeptide substance P (SP), but the mechanism underlying this neuroimmune interaction is unknown. Substance P produced from cutaneous nociceptors activates MCs via Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor B2 (MrgprB2) to enhance type 2 immune response in experimental atopic dermatitis in mice. We recently showed that the adapter protein β-arrestin2 (β-arr2) contributes to MrgprB2-mediated MC chemotaxis.

Oncogenic EML4-ALK assemblies suppress growth factor perception and modulate drug tolerance.

Drug resistance remains a challenge for targeted therapy of cancers driven by EML4-ALK and related fusion oncogenes. EML4-ALK forms cytoplasmic protein condensates, which result from networks of interactions between oncogene and adapter protein multimers. While these assemblies are associated with oncogenic signaling, their role in drug response is unclear.