Assessing the detection and interaction of and porcine circovirus 2 in low and high-performance wean-to-finish pig groups in different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection scenarios.

Introduction: Effective disease management strategies are essential for achieving optimal pig performance, ensuring high-quality animal health and welfare, and maintaining the economic viability of swine systems. Thus, understanding factors that lead to more or less severe disease are critically important. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and () are endemic pathogens in the U.

High-Yield Generation of Glucose-Responsive Pseudoislets From Murine Insulinoma Cells for Studies and Longitudinal Monitoring of Graft Survival .

Compared to primary pancreatic islets, insulinoma cell-derived 3D pseudoislets offer a more accessible, consistent, renewable, and widely applicable model system for optimization and mechanistic studies in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we report a simple and efficient method for generating 3D pseudoislets from MIN6 and NIT-1 murine insulinoma cells. These pseudoislets are homogeneous in size and morphology (~150 µm), exhibit functional glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) up to 18 days (NIT-1) enabling long-term studies, are produced in high yield [>35,000 Islet Equivalence from 30 ml culture], and are suitable for both and studies, including for encapsulation studies.

Is lean mass quantity or quality the determinant of maximal fat oxidation capacity? The potential mediating role of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Background: Impaired fat oxidation is linked to cardiometabolic risk. Maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) reflects metabolic flexibility and is influenced by lean mass, muscle strength, muscle quality - defined as the ratio of strength to mass - and cardiorespiratory fitness. The relationship between these factors and fat oxidation is not fully understood.

Positive STEPS: Enhancing Medication Adherence and Achieving Viral Load Suppression in Youth Living with HIV in the United States - Results from a Stepped-Care Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial.

Background: In the U.S. and worldwide, there is a significant number of young people acquiring and living with HIV.

Emergence and expansion of dengue in Paltas: possible implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and climatic variations.

Introduction: Dengue is one of the most widespread arboviruses in Latin America and is now affecting areas previously free of transmission. The COVID-19 pandemic and climatic variations appear to have affected the incidence of the disease, abundance of vectors and health programs related to dengue in some countries.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiology of dengue in Paltas, Ecuador (2016-2022), compare the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, examine entomological reports and discuss the possible implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and climatic variations.

Intricacies of human-AI interaction in dynamic decision-making for precision oncology.

AI decision support systems can assist clinicians in planning adaptive treatment strategies that can dynamically react to individuals' cancer progression for effective personalized care. However, AI's imperfections can lead to suboptimal therapeutics if clinicians over or under rely on AI. To investigate such collaborative decision-making process, we conducted a Human-AI interaction study on response-adaptive radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Ariasa iporaensis n. sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Fidicinini): An Uncommon Brazilian Dry Season Cicada.

The cicada Ariasa iporaensis n. sp. is described.

Implementation Determinants of PrEP and Behavioral Health Treatment Referral among HIV Test Counselors.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an effective biomedical prevention intervention, is not sufficiently reaching populations experiencing high HIV incidence. Behavioral health (BH) treatment addressing mental health and substance use similarly requires increased reach to HIV-affected populations. HIV testing is an opportunity to refer individuals to PrEP and BH treatment.

Biocatalytic diversification of abietic acid in Streptomyces.

Biocatalysis provides access to synthetically challenging molecules and commercially and pharmaceutically relevant natural product analogs while adhering to principles of green chemistry. Cytochromes P450 (P450s) are amongst the most superlative and versatile oxidative enzymes found in nature and are desired regio- and stereoselective biocatalysts, particularly for structurally complex hydrocarbon skeletons. We used 10 genome-sequenced Streptomyces strains, selected based on their preponderance of P450s, to biotransform the bioactive diterpenoid abietic acid.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and the Mental Burden Resulting from the Dobbs Decision.

The obstetrics and mental health care fields have significant crossover. Women with unintended, undesired, or medically complex pregnancies are at greater risk of adverse mental health outcomes, which have the capacity to create long-lasting and intergenerational ripple effects within their larger family unit. Given the frequency with which women seek pregnancy terminations, the numerous factors that influence care accessibility, and the serious repercussions that stem from insufficient use of evidence-based care surrounding pregnancy termination, women are at risk of experiencing a range of mental health outcomes based on their experiences around pregnancy termination.

Preventable Maternal Mortality -Diagnosis and Management of Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders.

Maternal mortality has increased over past decades. The majority of deaths are secondary to mental health and substance use disorders, with over 80% being preventable. Screening for mental health should be offered to all pregnant women and should be administered through all trimesters and postpartum.

Adolescent Youth Survey on HIV Prevention and Sexual Health Education in Alabama: Protocol for a Web-Based Survey With Fraud Protection Study.

Background: In Alabama, the undiagnosed HIV rate is over 20%; youth and young adults, particularly those who identify as sexual and gender minority individuals, are at elevated risk for HIV acquisition and are the only demographic group in the United States with rising rates of new infections. Adolescence is a period marked by exploration, risk taking, and learning, making comprehensive sexual health education a high-priority prevention strategy for HIV and sexually transmitted infections. However, in Alabama, school-based sexual health and HIV prevention education is strictly regulated and does not address the unique needs of sexual and gender minority teenagers.

Using augmented reality to deliver cue exposure treatment for smoking cessation: App usability findings and protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Augmented Reality (AR) is a rapidly developing technology with potential utility for treating addictive behaviors, including tobacco smoking. AR inserts digital images into a natural real-time scene as viewed on a smartphone or other video devices. With respect to smoking cessation, AR can place virtual smoking cues (i.

Alzheimer's disease risk ABCA7 p.A696S variant disturbs the microglial response to amyloid pathology in mice.

The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) gene is ranked as one of the top susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD). While ABCA7 mediates lipid transport across cellular membranes, ABCA7 loss of function has been shown to exacerbate amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and compromise microglial function. Our family-based study uncovered an extremely rare ABCA7 p.

Bleeding Risk Assessment with Thromboelastography in Interventional Pulmonology Procedures.

Objective: Thromboelastography (TEG) offers a point-of-care and comprehensive evaluation of the coagulation cascade, but its utility in predicting bleeding risk in Interventional Pulmonology (IP) procedures has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of TEG in assessing bleeding risk in patients undergoing elective IP procedures.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study of patients who underwent elective IP procedures at Mayo Clinic (Jacksonville, FL, USA) from November 2022 to May 2024.

Outcomes of Anesthesia-Supported versus Endoscopist-Driven Sedation Modalities: A retrospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: Anesthesia involvement has become commonplace in many procedural settings. The goal of this study is to compare sedation modalities utilized by endoscopists and anesthesiologists in the endoscopy suite, particularly with respect to recovery time and adverse events.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including adults (≥18) undergoing outpatient EGD and/or colonoscopy at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida between October 1, 2018 through December 31, 2022.

Distribution and morphology of CGRP-IR axons in flat-mounts of whole male and female mouse atria.

Due to a lack of anatomical studies utilizing female specimens, it is unclear how the nociceptive innervation of the mouse heart compares between sexes. To address this, flat-mount preparations of the left and right atria of male and female mice were immunohistochemically labeled for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, a common marker for nociceptive nerves), imaged, and digitally traced in high quality. The results show that 1) A network of CGRP-IR axons densely innervated the right and left atria.

Fluorescence-guided inguinal hernia repair with heightened nerve visualization to prevent chronic post-operative inguinal pain: Case report.

Introduction: Iatrogenic injury to the ilioinguinal nerve and its branches during anterior inguinal hernia repair is a cause of chronic inguinal pain in up to 12 % of patients undergoing this operation. The risk of nerve injury is high, given the nerves' relatively small caliber and strictly-confined space through which they pass. In the current report, we describe using a novel fluorescence imaging system developed to detect nerve autofluorescence in a 66-year-old man who presented with a left-sided Type II inguinal hernia and underwent inguinal hernioplasty.

The influence of cardiopulmonary bypass residual volume processing technique on blood management in cardiac surgical patients.

Post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) blood processing is an important component of blood management during cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate several methods of processing post-CPB residual blood. Using a multi-institutional national database (SpecialtyCare Operative Procedural rEgistry [SCOPE]), 77,591 cardiac surgical operations performed in adults (>18 years) between January 2017 and September 2022 were reviewed.

A family-based behavioral group obesity randomized control feasibility trial across a clinical trials network: a focus on contact hours.

Objective: This ancillary study's purpose is to describe the relationship between dose of treatment and body mass index (BMI) outcomes in a tele-behavioral health program delivered in the IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network to children and their families living in rural communities.

Methods: Participants randomized to the intervention were able to receive 26 contact hours (15 hr of group sessions and 11 hr of individual sessions) of material focused on nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral caregiver training delivered via interactive televideo. Dose of the intervention received by child/caregiver dyads (n = 52) from rural areas was measured as contact hours.

Potential of dip treatments to disinfest cuttings of the invasive Thrips parvispinus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

Thrips parvispinus (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an invasive thrips species, poses a significant threat to global agriculture due to its polyphagous nature and rapid spread. Its recent arrival in the continental United States raises concerns about potential impacts on ornamental and vegetable crops. Dip treatments might serve as a phytosanitary practice for growers to start with plants free of visible pests.

Discovery of a MET-driven monogenic cause of steatotic liver disease.

Background Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects about a third of adults worldwide and is projected soon to be the leading cause of cirrhosis. It occurs when fat accumulates in hepatocytes and can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. MASLD pathogenesis is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors.

Correcting a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutation by base editing in mice.

Primary mitochondrial disorders are most often caused by deleterious mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Here, we used a mitochondrial DddA-derived cytosine base editor (DdCBE) to introduce a compensatory edit in a mouse model that carries the pathological mutation in the mitochondrial transfer RNA (tRNA) alanine (mt-tRNA) gene. Because the original m.

Evaluation of interspecies correlation estimation models to increase taxonomic diversity while reducing reliance on animal testing for chemicals evaluated under the Toxic Substances Control Act.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is committed to the implementation of new approach methodologies (NAMs) to enhance the scientific basis for chemical hazard assessments.