Climate-induced expansion of Lyme disease in east central Ohio.

The geographical distribution of Lyme disease has been attributed to changes in Earth's climate and associated distribution of its vector, ticks of the genus . This study focuses on the impact of climatic and meteorological conditions on Lyme disease transmission in East Central Ohio, an emerging hotspot of cases. Using county-level data from 2001 to 2023, we analyzed the relationship between Lyme disease cases and temperature, precipitation, and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) using a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM).

Maternal deposition of hormones and contaminants shape the gonadal transcriptome in American alligators.

Environmental conditions influence the maternal deposition of hormones into eggs, which is hypothesized to adaptively modify developmental outcomes in offspring. However, most ecosystems harbour environmental contaminants capable of disrupting endocrine signaling, and maternal exposure to these compounds has the potential to further alter offspring traits. Studies rarely examine maternally derived hormones and contaminants along with offspring phenotypes, and we know little about their interrelationships and potential interactions.

The promise of community-driven preprints in ecology and evolution.

Publishing preprints is quickly becoming commonplace in ecology and evolutionary biology. Preprints can facilitate the rapid sharing of scientific knowledge establishing precedence and enabling feedback from the research community before peer review. Yet, significant barriers to preprint use exist, including language barriers, a lack of understanding about the benefits of preprints and a lack of diversity in the types of research outputs accepted (e.

Tandem construction of flavone-bridged conjugated porous polymers for photosynthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans.

Conjugated porous polymers bearing flavone moieties (FL-CPPs) were synthesized a tandem approach. The carbonylative Sonogashira coupling in tandem with cyclization guided the assembling of building blocks with the accompanied production of flavone skeletons. The FL-CPPs were proved to be efficient metal-free photocatalysts for the [3+2] cycloaddition of phenols with olefins under the irradiation of visible-light.

Prostate Artery Embolization in the Setting of Prostate Cancer: Review and Opinion.

Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE) is a novel minimally invasive angiographic technique that has been used effectively to treat men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, applications of PAE for men with prostate cancer have been minimally studied. This review serves as an update on the status of PAE in men with prostate cancer, as well as a discussion of emerging indications.

Cervical Disc Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Adjacent Segment Disease After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review was conducted at a single institution.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) used for the treatment of symptomatic adjacent segment disease (ASD) developed after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Background: A major clinical concern following ACDF is the development of ASD.

Assessment of a New CT Detector and Filtration Technology: Part 1 - X-ray Beam Characterization and Radiation Dosimetry.

Purpose: This study evaluated beam quality and radiation dosimetry of a CT scanner equipped with a novel detector and filtration technology called PureVision Optics (PVO). PVO features miniaturized electronics, a detector cut with microblade technology, and increased filtration in order to increase x-ray detection and reduce image noise.

Methods: We assessed the performance of two similar 320-detector CT scanners: one equipped with PVO and one without.

Assessment of a New CT Detector and Filtration Technology: Part 2-Image Quality in Phantoms, Cadavers, and Patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the image quality of a commercial CT scanner equipped with a novel detector and filtration technology called PureVision Optics (PVO).

Methods: CT number, noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), modulation transfer function (MTF), and noise power spectrum (NPS) were assessed using the ACR CT Accreditation phantom scanned with various acquisitions at 80 kV, 100 kV, 120 kV, and 135 kV, each with multiple CTDIvol values of 20 mGy, 40 mGy, and 65 mGy. Artifacts were evaluated in an anthropomorphic head phantom, a cadaver head, and in patient studies.

Efficient algorithm for resource optimization in optical communication networks.

Beyond 5 G and 6 G, communication systems should be able to deliver high throughput, low latency, high dependability, and high energy efficiency services. The creation of hybrid systems that can meet and largely satisfy these needs is promised by the merging of systems based on optical communication and radio frequency (RF). Smart devices may work together to cooperatively train Machine Learning (ML) models in a distributed fashion using Federated Learning (FL), all without disclosing personal information to a central server.

Cell-specific transcriptional signatures of vascular cells in Alzheimer's disease: perspectives, pathways, and therapeutic directions.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is marked by profound neurovascular dysfunction and significant cell-specific alterations in the brain vasculature. Recent advances in high throughput single-cell transcriptomics technology have enabled the study of the human brain vasculature at an unprecedented depth. Additionally, the understudied niche of cerebrovascular cells, such as endothelial and mural cells, and their subtypes have been scrutinized for understanding cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity in AD.

Virtual biopsy for non-invasive identification of follicular lymphoma histologic transformation using radiomics-based imaging biomarker from PET/CT.

Background: This study aimed to construct a radiomics-based imaging biomarker for the non-invasive identification of transformed follicular lymphoma (t-FL) using PET/CT images.

Methods: A total of 784 follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and t-FL patients from 5 independent medical centers were included. The unsupervised EMFusion method was applied to fuse PET and CT images.

A new approach for evaluating maize transgressive segregants and their three-way cross potential in the S4 convergent breeding population.

The development of transgressive segregant (TS) selection on convergent breeding populations of S4 maize is a concept that is rarely applied. However, the development of TS is necessary to accelerate maize breeding pipelines. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) to develop the concept of TS selection and (2) to select S4 TS maize to be developed as hybrid cross parents.

Dietary acidity and bone mass in minority children and adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis from the MetA-Bone trial.

Unlabelled: Dietary acid load could be associated with bone mass, but there are limited and conflicting results. This secondary cross-sectional analysis evaluated these associations among 123 children/adolescents, mostly Hispanics. Dietary acid load seems to be associated with bone mass in boys, but these results should be confirmed through long-term studies.

The role of cardiac sympathetic denervation for ventricular arrhythmias: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The role of the sympathetic nervous system in the initiation and continuation of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTA) is well established. However, whether CSD reduces implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks and recurrent VTA is still uncertain.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed at Medline and Embase until March 2023.

Coeliac disease: complications and comorbidities.

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by small intestinal villus atrophy and inflammation upon exposure to gluten. It has a global prevalence of approximately 1%. Although the gluten-free diet can be an effective treatment, this diet is burdensome with practical difficulties and frequent inadvertent gluten exposure.

Semi-mechanistic efficacy model for PARP + ATR inhibitors-application to rucaparib and talazoparib in combination with gartisertib in breast cancer PDXs.

Background: Promising cancer treatments, such as DDR inhibitors, are often challenged by the heterogeneity of responses in clinical trials. The present work aimed to build a computational framework to address those challenges.

Methods: A semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of tumour growth inhibition was developed to investigate the efficacy of PARP and ATR inhibitors as monotherapies, and in combination.

Enhanced phosphorus weathering contributed to Late Miocene cooling.

Late Miocene climate evolution provides an opportunity to assess Earth's climate sensitivity to carbon cycle perturbation under warmer-than-modern conditions. Despite its relevance for understanding the climate system, the driving mechanisms underlying profound climate and carbon cycle changes - including the enigmatic Late Miocene cooling from 7 to 5.4 million years ago - remain unclear.

Clinically probable RBD is an early predictor of malignant non-motor Parkinson's disease phenotypes.

Non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly impact quality of life, especially in later stages. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) affects approximately 42% of all PD patients and frequently precedes motor PD symptoms. RBD is linked to increased rates of depression and cognitive decline.

Structure and function of a near fully-activated intermediate GPCR-Gαβγ complex.

Unraveling the signaling roles of intermediate complexes is pivotal for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) drug development. Despite hundreds of GPCR-Gαβγ structures, these snapshots primarily capture the fully activated complex. Consequently, the functions of intermediate GPCR-G protein complexes remain elusive.

Renal and Peripheral Blood Transcriptome Signatures That Predict Treatment Response in Proliferative Lupus Nephritis-A Prospective Study.

Mechanisms contributing to non-response to treatment in lupus nephritis (LN) are unclear. We characterised the transcriptome of paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and renal tissues in LN before and after cyclophosphamide (CYC) treatment and identified markers that predicted treatment response. Total RNA isolated from paired PBMCs (n = 32) and renal tissues (n = 25) of 16 proliferative LN before CYC treatment, 6 months post-treatment, and during renal flare, was sequenced on Illumina Novaseq-6000 platform.

The number of central nervous system-driven symptoms predicts subsequent chronic primary pain: evidence from UK Biobank.

Background: Chronic primary pain describes conditions where pain is the principal problem rather than a consequence of another disease. Primary pain is thought to be primarily owing to nociplastic pain (i.e.

Evaluating pathogenicity of variants of unknown significance in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2.

Autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) is driven by rare variants in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2. Although more than 200 pathogenic variants in these genes are known to cause ADAD, other variants are benign, may act as risk factors, or may even reduce Alzheimer's disease risk (e.g.

The relationship between optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging measurements in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Several studies show that optical coherence tomography (OCT) metrics e with cognition, disability, and brain structure in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). This review the correlation between OCT parameters and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements in PwMS.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed, including studies published in English up to November 29, 2024 to identify studies reporting quantitative data on the correlation between baseline OCT parameters and MRI measurements in PwMS.

Self-Management Strategies for Low Back Pain Among Horticulture Workers: Protocol for a Type II Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Study.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent and disabling, especially in agriculture sectors. However, there is a gap in LBP prevention and intervention studies in these physically demanding occupations, and to date, no studies have focused on horticulture workers. Given the challenges of implementing interventions for those working in small businesses, self-management offers an attractive and feasible option to address work-related risk factors and manage LBP.

Feasibility of a Mobile App-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Perinatal Skills Program: Protocol for Nonrandomized Pilot Trial.

Background: Mental illness is one of the top causes of preventable pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. There are many barriers that interfere with the ability of perinatal individuals to access traditional mental health care. Digital health interventions, including app-based programs, have the potential to increase access to useful tools for these individuals.