[Retrograde endoscopic treatment of stones in horseshoe kidney].

Introduction: Horseshoe kidney is often associated with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and nephrolithiasis. Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is becoming one of the main treatment options for large stones in such patients.

Aim: To study the results of RIRS in patients with horseshoe kidney.

[Efficacy of Sildenafil oral spray for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes].

Aim: To evaluate the results of using Sildenafil in the form of an oral spray (Gent) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes.

Material And Methods: A total of 60 patients were divided into two groups of 30 people. The group 1 included patients with prediabetes, while group 2 consisted of patients with type 2 DM.

[Laparoscopic substitution of the right ureter by appendix onlay].

Introduction: In highly-selected patients with long narrowing of the middle and upper third of the right ureter, ureteroplasty with an appendix can be performed. In the literature, publications on the possibility of ureteroplasty onlay with a detubularized appendix have been appeared.

Aim: To study the results of laparoscopic ureteroplasty of the right ureter using appendix as onlay flap.

[Intestinal and appendicular ureteral substitution].

Aim: To present the technical features and results of intestinal and appendicular ureteral replacement.

Material And Methods: From 1998 to 2020, a total of 196 patients aged 18 to 77 years (mean age 49.5 +/- 1.

[Multimodal approach to the treatment of staghorn stones in modern clinic].

This lecture is dedicated to increasing stone free rate (SFR) in patients with staghorn renal stones by using a multimodal approach. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the "gold standard" for the treatment of this group of patients. Depending on a stone size and complexity, SFR for PCNL varies from 55 to 98%.

[Using of a dismountable 3D-model of the collecting system with color segmentation to improve the learning curve of residents].

Aim: to determine the efficiency of using a non-biological dismountable 3D-model of the collecting system with color segmentation for better understanding of its anatomy by residents and to determine the optimal tactics of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL).

Materials And Methods: 3D-models of the collecting system were developed based on CT data of 5 patients with staghorn stones, for whom PNL was planned. CT images were obtained in the Dicom format.

[Laparoscopic ureteropyeloanastomosis in iatrogenic trauma of the upper pole ureter in a duplex kidney].

In case of stricture of the lower third of ureter in patients with duplex kidney, ureteroneocystostomy or transureteroureterostomy can be used. Anastomosis of the injured ureter of the upper pole with the pelvis of the lower pole is considered nontypical. In this clinical observation, a 46-year-old patient with iatrogenic trauma of the pelvic part of the upper pole of a duplex kidney successfully undergone laparoscopic ureteropyelostomy.

[Laparoscopic pyeloplasty in recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction].

Introduction: Pyeloplasty represents main treatment method of patients with primary ureteropelvic obstruction (UPJ). In recurrent UPJ obstruction endopyelothomy is performed more commonly and in case of its failure a repeated pyeloplasty can be done. The aim of the study was to assess the results of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in these recurrent cases.

[Role of biomarkers of acute kidney damage during lithotripsy of high-density stones].

Aim: To obtain the information about functional state of kidneys in patients with urolithiasis before and after treatment, as well as to study the damaging effect of different types of energy used for fragmentation of high-density stones.

Materials And Methods: A total of 105 patients aged from 25 to 62 years with high-density stones were undergone to lithotripsy. In Group 1 (n=38), Group 2 (n=32) and Group 3 (n=35) contact laser lithotripsy, contact ultrasound lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy was used, respectively.

[The infective complications of the percutaneous nephrolithotomy].

In the article the main causes of the development of infective complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy and their predictors described by the different authors are presented. A review of studies, dedicated to analysis of baseline risk factors of postoperative fever, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and/or sepsis was conducted. It was established that stone size and true bacteriuria are reliable risk factors as well as technical features of PCNL and the duration of the surgery.

[Parasitic disease of urinary tract system (on the example of schistosomiasis)].

Introduction: The globalization observed in the modern world contributes to the increasing rate of the delivery of "exotic" bacterial and parasitic infections from the tropic countries to Russia and the European countries.

Aim: To analyze the modern early diagnostic tools of premalignant changes and malignant tumors of urinary bladder of schistosome origin in the residents of endemic areas.

Materials And Methods: The current study included an analysis of examination and treatment of 181 patients with bladder schistosomiasis who lived in Benguela province in Angola.