Cannabidiol (CBD) potentiates physiological and behavioral markers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsivity in female and male mice.

Rationale: Clinical literature indicates there may be a therapeutic use of cannabidiol (CBD) for stress-related disorders. Preclinical literature remains conflicted regarding the underlying neurobehavioral mechanisms, reporting mixed effects of CBD (increased, decreased, or no effect) on anxiety- and fear-related behaviors. Preclinical data demonstrated that CBD modulates hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis gene expression; it is unknown whether CBD changes HPA axis responsivity and how this relates to altered behavior.

Increased parietal operculum functional connectivity following vestibular rehabilitation in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients with residual dizziness: a randomized controlled resting-state fMRI study.

Introduction: Residual dizziness (RD) is common in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) after successful canalith repositioning procedures. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of vestibular rehabilitation (VR) on BPPV patients experiencing RD, and to explore the impact of VR on functional connectivity (FC), specifically focusing on the bilateral parietal operculum (OP) cortex.

Methods: Seventy patients with RD were randomly assigned to either a four-week VR group or a control group that received no treatment.

Establishing bio-logging data collections as dynamic archives of animal life on Earth.

Rapid growth in bio-logging-the use of animal-borne electronic tags to document the movements, behaviour, physiology and environments of wildlife-offers opportunities to mitigate biodiversity threats and expand digital natural history archives. Here we present a vision to achieve such benefits by accounting for the heterogeneity inherent to bio-logging data and the concerns of those who collect and use them. First, we can enable data integration through standard vocabularies, transfer protocols and aggregation protocols, and drive their wide adoption.

Radiological markers of CSF α-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson's disease patients.

Alpha-synuclein (αS) aggregation is a widely regarded hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and can be detected through synuclein amplification assays (SAA). This study investigated the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) radiological measures in 41 PD patients (14 iPD, 14 GBA1-PD, 13 LRRK2-PD) and 14 age-and-sex-matched healthy controls. Quantitative measures including striatal binding ratios (SBR), whole-brain and deep gray matter volumes, neuromelanin-MRI (NM-MRI), functional connectivity (FC), and white matter (WM) diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) were calculated.

Antiviral activity of an ACE2-Fc fusion protein against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.

SARS-CoV-2 has continued spreading around the world in recent years since the initial outbreak in 2019, frequently developing into new variants with greater human infectious capacity. SARS-CoV-2 and its mutants use the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a cellular entry receptor, which has triggered several therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 relying on the use of ACE2 recombinant proteins as decoy receptors. In this work, we propose an ACE2 silent Fc fusion protein (ACE2-hFcLALA) as a candidate therapy against COVID-19.

A Series of AnO Complexes (An = U, Np, Pu) with NO-Donating Schiff-Base Ligands: Systematic Trends in the Molecular Structures and Redox Behavior.

In their + V and + VI oxidation states, actinide elements (U, Np, and Pu) are commonly encountered in characteristic linear dioxo structures, known as actinyl ions (AnO; An = U, Np, Pu, = 1, 2). A systematic understanding of the structural and redox behavior of AnO/AnO complexes is expected to provide valuable information for controlling the behavior of An elements in natural environments and in nuclear fuel cycles while enabling the development of spintronics and new reactivities that utilize the anisotropic spin of the 5f electrons. However, systematic trends in the behavior of AnO/AnO complexes remain poorly understood.

Particle size of wheat straw from genetically improved wheat affects the production performance and feeding behavior of Sahiwal cows.

The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of particle size (PS) and inclusion level of wheat straw (WS) obtained from genetically improved wheat on the performance and feeding behavior of Sahiwal cows. Twelve multiparous, mid-lactating Sahiwal cows (DIM 135 ± 25, mean ± SD; 12.8 ± 1.

FcRn-guided antigen trafficking enhances cancer vaccine efficacy.

The development of tumor vaccines represents a significant focus within cancer therapeutics research. Nonetheless, the efficiency of antigen presentation in tumor vaccine remains suboptimal. We introduce an innovative mRNA-lipid nanoparticle platform designed to express tumor antigenic epitopes fused with the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn).

A repercussion of COVID-19 lockdown on water quality along the east coast of India.

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown measures significantly impacted various sectors, including coastal environments. While restrictions led to temporary improvements in air quality, their effects on coastal waters remained understudy. This research conducted four cruises along the east coast of India during pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown to assess the water quality changes.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Inflammatory cells play a key role in the pathophysiology of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. Glycans are known to mediate inflammatory cell activation and migration yet very little is understood about the expression of glycans, glycoproteins, and other glycoconjugates at the CP which serves as a gateway for peripheral immune cells into the brain. In a familial AD mouse model, we observed increased expression of Siglec-F-recognized glycans on CP epithelial cells.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Microglia responses to Aβ and tau pathology and the dysregulation of the microglial role in synaptic function may determine the onset and course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While significant work has been performed in mouse models, we still lack a complete understanding of physiological and pathological microglial states and functions in human AD brain.

Method: For immunoblotting of brain homogenates against multiple microglial markers, and flow cytometry (FC) analysis of synaptosomal fractions (SNAP25/CD47/Aβ(10G4)/phospho-tau(AT8)), 49 cryopreserved human parietal cortex samples were categorized into four groups: low pathology control (LPC), high Aβ control (HAC), high pathology control (HPC), and AD.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: APOE is the major genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although APOE is well known to promote Aβ pathology, recent data also support an effect of APOE polymorphism on phosphorylated Tau (pTau) pathology.

Method: To elucidate this potential effect, the pTau interactome was analyzed across APOE genotypes in the frontal cortex of 10 advanced AD cases (n = 5 APOE and n = 5 APOE), using a combination of anti-pTau PHF1 (pS396/pS404) immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), a common variant of APOE, is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but APOE4 carriers do not always develop AD. Several large-scale genetic studies have identified a common haplotype of the aging factor klotho that modify disease risk in APOE4 carriers. In humans, klothoharbors two common missense variants (rs9536314, p.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Cognitive deficits may occur in about 60% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and executive functions, working memory and new-learning are commonly impaired. Nevertheless, there is limited research regarding decisional capacity in MS. Financial and treatment-decision capacity are complex activities of daily living.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI) is a condition characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in older adults without dementia, serving as a precursor to various forms of dementia. This study explores the association between NPS and functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN) across three high-risk cohorts: mild cognitive impairment (due to Alzheimer's) (MCI, n = 79), cerebrovascular disease (CVD, n = 144), and Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 132).

Method: A total of 367 participants were recruited from the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI).

The Effect of Cryopreservation on T-Cell Subsets by Flow Cytometry Automated Algorithmic Analysis and Conventional Analysis.

Background: Low-temperature cryopreservation is a common method for scientific research and clinical sample preservation when utilizing flow cytometry. In flow cytometry data analysis, traditional manual "gating" is susceptible to past experience and faces the challenge of manual subjective bias, time-consuming, and multidimensional data analysis. With the development of algorithms, the advantages of dimensionality reduction and clustering in result analysis are gradually becoming more prominent.

At First Sight: Fetal Eye Movements Reveal a Preference for Face-Like Configurations From 26 Weeks of Gestation.

Previous research indicates that both adults and newborns show enhanced electrophysiological and behavioral responses to schematic face-like configurations (FCs-three dots composing a downward-pointing triangle), as compared to the inverted configurations (ICs). Even fetuses, when exposed to light stimuli projected through the uterine wall, preferentially orient their heads toward FCs rather than ICs. However, when this effect emerges along the third trimester of pregnancy and in relation to the maturation of which brain structures is still unknown.

Progressive iron overload in middle-aged mice impairs olfactory function, triggers lipid oxidation and induces apoptosis.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the progressive impact of chronic iron overload on the olfactory bulb, a region significantly affected in early neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. The focus is on understanding how iron accumulation leads to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal damage over time in middle-aged mice.

Method: The mice were continuously administered FC for a duration of 16 weeks, and the olfactory behavior of the mice was observed at intervals of 4 weeks.

Investigation of the anti-Huanglongbing effects using antimicrobial lipopeptide and phytohormone complex powder prepared from MG-2 fermentation.

Global citrus production has been severely affected by citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Clas), and the development of effective control methods are crucial. This study employed antimicrobial lipopeptide and phytohormone complex powder (L1) prepared from the fermentation broth of the endophytic plant growth promoting bacterium (PGPB) of strain MG-2 to treat Liberibacter asiaticus (Las)-infected ' 'Chun Jian' plants. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and PCR were employed for disease detection.

Sex Differences, Menses-Related Symptoms and Menopause in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction.

Background: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) predominate in women, but little is known about sex differences in menses-related or menopause symptoms.

Methods: Using data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Survey, we assessed Rome IV DGBI symptoms in individuals in 26 countries who met criteria for ≥ 1 of 5 DGBI: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), functional constipation (FC), functional diarrhea (FDr), or functional bloating (FB). Participants included pre- and post-menopausal women with DGBI and age-matched men.

International multicenter validation of AI-driven ultrasound detection of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian lesions are common and often incidentally detected. A critical shortage of expert ultrasound examiners has raised concerns of unnecessary interventions and delayed cancer diagnoses. Deep learning has shown promising results in the detection of ovarian cancer in ultrasound images; however, external validation is lacking.

Complications of Nonsurgical Rhinoplasty with Hyaluronic Acid Injections: A Narrative Review.

Background: The increasing popularity of cosmetic procedures has led to a rise in both surgical and nonsurgical interventions. Rhinoplasty, particularly nonsurgical rhinoplasty using injectable fillers such as hyaluronic acid (HA), has become highly sought after due to its minimally invasive nature. Despite its benefits, complications can occur, ranging from minor to severe.

PathCrisp: an innovative molecular diagnostic tool for early detection of NDM-resistant infections.

The rapid and early detection of infections and antibiotic resistance markers is a critical challenge in healthcare. Currently, most commercial diagnostic tools for analyzing antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogens require elaborate culture-based testing. Our study aims to develop a rapid, accurate molecular detection system that can be used directly from culture, thereby introducing molecular testing in conjunction with culture tests to reduce turnaround time and guide therapy.

A 13-level switched-capacitor-based multilevel inverter with reduced components and inrush current limitation.

This paper proposed a hybrid switched-capacitor inverter to reduce the number of components and achieve automatic capacitor balancing. The proposed structure combines a switched capacitor (SC) unit with a flying capacitor (FC). Significant advantages of the proposed design include a reduced number of components, simple control, voltage boosting capability, and limitation of the inrush current during capacitor charging.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study on cerebrovascular reactivity changes in the precuneus of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment patients.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment and cognitive decline, ultimately culminating in dementia. This study aims to evaluate cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and functional connectivity (FC) in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), bypassing the requirement for hypercapnia. The study cohort comprised 53 AD patients, 38 MCI patients, and 39 normal control (NC) subjects.