Bilateral keratoconjunctivitis associated with lichen planus.

Purpose: To describe a case of bilateral keratoconjunctivitis in a patient with lichen planus.

Methods: Case report and review of the English literature.

Results: To our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case of keratoconjunctivitis associated with lichen planus.

Treatment of macular disease with a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope laser delivery system.

Background And Objective: Some patients with macular disease, because of physical infirmity or disability, cannot be treated with laser photocoagulation using a typical slit lamp delivery system. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope could be used to deliver treatment to the macula when photocoagulation would otherwise be very difficult, if not impossible, to perform.

Materials And Methods: Ten eyes of 10 patients who could not sit for slit lamp laser delivery were treated with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope laser photocoagulation over a 36 month period.

Distribution of psammoma bodies in the internal auditory canal and its extended areas in the human temporal bone.

The internal auditory canal (IAC) and its extended areas of 27 normal human temporal bone specimens were investigated histologically for the distribution of psammoma bodies. A total of 145 +/- 25 (mean +/- SE) psammoma bodies were counted in series of every tenth 30-microm-thick section. Psammoma bodies were observed in the IAC and around the labyrinthine portion of the facial nerve (FN), the geniculate ganglion of the FN, and the posterior ampullary nerve in the singular canal.

Comparison of intraocular pressure lowering by topical and systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in the rabbit.

We compared the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) of maximal doses of a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) at acidic and alkaline pH where it is maximally effective with full systemic CA inhibition in ocular normotensive New Zealand Albino rabbits. Tonometric IOP levels were measured hourly during 3 hour control period. Topical MK-417 (pKa 5.

A role of climbing fibers in regulation of flocculonodular lobe protein kinase C expression during vestibular compensation.

The behavioral recovery from unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) in rats is accompanied by asymmetric expression of Protein kinase C (PKC) in parasagittal regions of the flocculonodular lobe within 6 h after UL, which resolves to the control, symmetric pattern within 24 h. These changes consist of a regionally selective increase in the number of PKC-immunopositive Purkinje cells contralateral to the lesion. This study tested the hypotheses (1) that climbing fiber innervation inhibits PKC expression and (2) that climbing fibers are essential for the observed changes in PKC expression within 6 h after UL.

A 5-year evaluation of the adenoclone test for the rapid diagnosis of adenovirus from conjunctival swabs.

The rapid diagnosis of adenoviral ocular infections affords the opportunity to limit the transmission of virus within the community and avoid expensive, unnecessary, and ineffective therapy. This study evaluated the results of a 5-year experience with the Adenoclone test (Cambridge Biotech, Worcester, MA), an enzyme immunoassay, applied directly to conjunctival swabs obtained from infected eyes. The sensitivity of this test was determined on 372 consecutive adenovirus culture-positive ocular specimens.

Adenoviral ocular isolates demonstrate serotype-dependent differences in in vitro infectivity titers and clinical course.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical ocular adenoviral isolates for differences among and within serotypes with respect to in vitro infectivity titers and clinical course. The study design included a retrospective chart review and the determination of in vitro infectivity titers (TCID90s) of 90 clinical ocular isolates of various adenoviral serotypes. Adenovirus serotype 8 (AD8) was recovered in significantly greater numbers of patients in the second week of infection compared to all other serotypes (p < 0.

Topical HPMPC inhibits adenovirus type 5 in the New Zealand rabbit ocular replication model.

Purpose: To evaluate the antiviral inhibitory activity of HPMPC against ocular adenoviral serotypes in vitro and to determine the therapeutic efficacy and ocular toxicity of treatment with topical HPMPC on established adenovirus type 5 (AD5) McEwen infection in the New Zealand (NZ) rabbit ocular replication model.

Methods: The 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) of HPMPC was determined for various clinical isolates of AD5 and AD8 by plaque assay in A549 cells. In vivo inhibitory effects were measured by serial ocular titers and duration of viral shedding in the AD5-NZ rabbit ocular model.

In vitro urokinase type plasminogen activator levels and total plasminogen activator activity in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

Objective: Determine total plasminogen activator (PA) activity and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) levels in cell-free supernatants derived from primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Design: Plasminogen activator activity was measured by spectrophotometric assay with chromogenic substrate Val-Leu-Lys-para-nitroanilide. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.

Excision of petroclival tumors by a total petrosectomy approach.

The surgical removal of intradural petroclival tumors of any size is demanding because of the restricted surgical exposure and relation of the tumor with the brain stem, cranial nerves, and vertebrobasilar artery and branches. When petroclival tumors are large or giant sized and involve multiple areas of the clivus, adequate surgical exposure is difficult to achieve, yet is critical for safe tumor removal. In 17 patients with extensive petroclival tumors, total removal of the petrous bone was performed to gain a wide and shallow surgical exposure.

Visual deprivation upregulates extracellular matrix synthesis by chick scleral chondrocytes.

Purpose: To characterize the cellular events responsible for the exaggerated ocular growth associated with experimental myopia in chicks, the accumulation and synthesis of proteoglycans and collagen were measured in the posterior sclera of control and form vision-deprived chick eyes.

Methods: Buttons (10 mm) from the posterior sclera of control and deprived eyes were used for biochemical measurements of glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline to estimate proteoglycan and collagen accumulation, respectively. The synthesis of proteoglycan, collagen, total protein, and RNA were measured in cultures of scleral chondrocytes isolated from posterior scleral buttons of control and deprived eyes by measuring the specific incorporation of 35SO4, [3H]proline, [35S]methionine, and [5-3H]uridine, respectively.

Efficacy of surgical treatments for squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone: a literature review.

A review of all publications dealing with surgical treatment for squamous cell carcinomas of the temporal bone was performed. No randomized or nonrandomized control studies were identified. All studies were case series without control subjects.

Molecular polymorphism of lumican during corneal development.

Purpose: To evaluate the expression of lumican and decorin, the major proteoglycans of the adult corneal stroma, during the acquisition of corneal transparency in developing chick embryos.

Methods: mRNA levels of decorin and lumican were measured in total RNA extracted from corneas of days 9 to 18 of development by Northern blot analysis using a 32P-labeled cDNA clone to each proteoglycan. The synthesis lumican and decorin precursor proteins were determined by biosynthetically radiolabeling corneas from day 7 to 18 chick embryos with 35S-methionine, and then using antibodies specific for lumican and decorin core proteins to precipitate the radiolabeled precursor proteins.

Anatomic relationships between Ostmann's fatty tissue and eustachian tube.

To examine anatomic relationships between Ostmann's fatty tissue (OF) and the eustachian tube (ET), we evaluated serial histologic sections of 32 normal temporal bone-ET specimens and made a quantitative analysis of several measurements (height, width, and volume). We compared results in specimens from individuals in whom the ET was still developing (those 19 years and younger) to results in specimens from individuals with adult ETs (those older than 19). We found that 1) the main body of OF is located at the inferolateral aspect of the ET and 2) postnatally, OF grows in volume, mainly by an increase in height, so that OF maintains the same vertical relationship to the growing ET and does not increase in width.

Microlaryngoscopic surgery for T1 glottic lesions: a cost-effective option.

Excision of squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal cord using microlaryngoscopy (ML) with or without laser is a cost-effective treatment option in highly selected patients. A retrospective review of 50 cases of invasive and microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated a failure rate of 8% (4 patients), all of whom were successfully salvaged by hemilaryngectomy (1 patient) or irradiation (3 patients). Other treatment options for T1 glottic lesions include hemilaryngectomy or radiotherapy, yielding similar cure rates of 95% and 67% to 93%, respectively.

Prolonged recovery of desiccated adenoviral serotypes 5, 8, and 19 from plastic and metal surfaces in vitro.

Background: Prevention of the spread of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) at eye care facilities (doctors' offices, clinics, hospitals) has been a major public health goal for ophthalmology for more than 50 years. The authors explored a potentially contributing attribute of the adenovirus serotypes that cause EKC. Specifically, they investigated the capacity of different clinical and laboratory ocular serotypes (AD8, 19, and 5) to survive for extended periods of time in a desiccated state.

Translabyrinthine approach to skull base tumors with hearing preservation.

The improvement in surgical techniques and the experience gained in treatment of skull base tumors have stimulated more aggressive management of larger lesions. Patients presenting with limited preoperative deficits have challenged the surgeon to design the surgical approach so as to minimize postoperative morbidity and preserve function. Tumors of the middle fossa and clivus with extension into the posterior fossa are usually approached by a combined subtemporal, transtentorial, transpetrous approach.

Graft failure in keratoepithelioplasty.

We report three patients undergoing keratoepithelioplasty using donor limbal tissue. All three had significant vascularization of the recipient bed and all three had inflammatory reactions with apparent partial replacement of the donor epithelium with host epithelium. Limbal transplantation, which is likely to include significant numbers of donor Langerhans' cells, may well increase the risk of graft failure in keratoepithelioplasty.

Facial nerve function following cerebellopontine angle surgery: prognostic value of intraoperative thresholds.

Intraoperative stimulation of the facial nerve during surgery of the cerebellopontine angle greatly aids the surgeon in identification of the nerve. The preservation of the ability to stimulate the facial nerve, at the brain stem following tumor removal, has been shown to correlate with good postoperative facial outcome. Thresholds of facial nerve stimulation recorded in our series, using constant voltage stimulation, showed statistically significant relevance to facial nerve outcome.

Simultaneous presentation of malignant external otitis and temporal bone cancer.

Malignant external otitis and squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory meatus are both characteristically seen in the older population. While some of the signs and symptoms of these two diseases are similar (otalgia, otorrhea, bone destruction on computed tomographic scan), they have rarely been reported in the same patient. We present an unusual case of temporal bone cancer and malignant external otitis presenting concurrently in an elderly, nondiabetic host.

A comparison of enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction with the clinical examination for diagnosing ocular herpetic disease.

Purpose: The results of two laboratory diagnostic herpes simplex virus (HSV) tests, an enzyme immunoassay (improved Herpchek [iHC]) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were compared with the clinical examination in the diagnosis of HSV. We determined when diagnostic laboratory tests provided the initial diagnosis of HSV ocular disease and when they were only confirmatory.

Methods: The sensitivity and specificity of iHC and PCR were determined using 22 HSV culture-positive clinical samples, 10 adenovirus culture-positive clinical samples, 5 samples from normal conjunctivas, 4 bacterial samples, and 1 sample containing Varicella zoster virus.

Angiogenesis induced by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model.

The angiogenic potential of head and neck tumors compared to nonneoplastic control tissues was investigated by using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a bioassay for angiogenesis. Eighty tumor specimens from 10 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were grafted onto the CAM of 7-day chick embryos. The presence of tumor in the original explant was confirmed histologically.