Valproate reduces retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in rats after optic nerve crush.

The retinal ganglion cells of the optic nerve have a limited capacity for self-repair after injury. Valproate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and multitarget drug, which has been demonstrated to protect retinal neurons. In this study, we established rat models of optic nerve-crush injury and injected valproate into the vitreous cavity immediately after modeling.

The presence of diabetic retinopathy closely associated with the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

Although growing evidence indicates that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is related to diabetic retinopathy (DR), research results significantly vary. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the onset of DR. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched until 7 November 2021.

Distinguished Functions of Microglia in the Two Stages of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy: A Novel Target in the Treatment of Ischemic Retinopathy.

Microglia is the resident immune cell in the retina, playing the role of immune surveillance in a traditional concept. With the heated focus on the mechanisms of microglia in pathological conditions, more and more functions of microglia have been discovered. Although the regulating role of microglia has been explored in ischemic retinopathy, little is known about its mechanisms in the different stages of the pathological process.

Certain Dietary Nutrients Reduce the Risk of Eye Affliction/Retinopathy in Individuals with Diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2018.

As the global trend of diabetes intensifies, the burden of vision-threatening retinopathy, particularly diabetic retinopathy (DR), is increasing. There is an urgent need to seek strategies for early prevention and control of DR. This study attempted to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between dietary nutrient intake and the risk of DR to provide assistance for doctors in guiding the diet of diabetic patients.

Associations between psycho-behavioral risk factors and diabetic retinopathy: NHANES (2005-2018).

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) increase the global burden. Since their pathogenesis is complex, it is necessary to use the biopsychosocial model to discover the most effective strategies. The study is aimed to investigate the psycho-behavioral factors of DR and confirm the discrepancies from previous studies.

Intraocular lens removal or not during vitrectomy for acute infectious endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.

At present, the incidence of infectious endophthalmitis after cataract surgery has been significantly reduced, but it is still a serious complication. Removal or not of the intraocular lens (IOL) during vitrectomy in cases with a moderate or severe inflammation is controversial. In order to call upon more discussion, we publish the article entitled "Timely vitrectomy without intraocular lens removal for acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery" written by Guo in this issue.

The Significance of the Ocular Adverse Effect Induced by Systemic Taxane Application.

In recent years, in-depth research on anti-tumor therapy has brought the emergence of new active chemotherapeutic agents and combination regimens. However, as one of them, taxane drugs are widely used in clinical practice, but it should be noted that many side reactions caused by their application bring some difficulties to routine management. Among the side reactions related to taxane anti-tumor therapy, ocular adverse reactions are occasionally reported and are not life-threatening but may seriously affect patients' life quality.

Biallelic Heterozygous Mutations in Crumbs Homolog-1 Gene Associated With Macular Retinoschisis and Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Mutations in the Crumbs homolog-1 () gene are associated with a variety of retinal degenerations including Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). It is also important to highlight atypical features to make proper diagnosis and treatment.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 7-year-old girl with biallelic heterozygous mutations.

[Neurofibromatosis type 1 initially presented with glaucoma in the Department of Ophthalmology: a case report].

An eleven-year-old boy visited the Department of Ophthalmology due to visual acuity loss accompanied by high intraocular tension in the left eye for one year. Besides glaucoma, the typical ocular manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1 such as bilateral Lisch nodules of the iris, multiple patchy choroidal nodules and retinal microvascular abnormalities were identified, and Cafe-au-lait macules appeared on the body skin. Based on the medical history, clinical presentation and auxiliary examination results, the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 with secondary glaucoma in the left eye was confirmed.

Comparable postoperative myopic shift in eyes with retinal vascular diseases and vitreomacular interface diseases after phacovitrectomy.

Purpose: To compare the predictive refractive error (PRE) of intraocular lens (IOL) power between retinal vascular and vitreomacular interface diseases after phacovitrectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent phacovitrectomy for various retinal diseases. Patients with retinal vascular diseases and vitreomacular interface diseases were included in group A and group B, respectively.

Twelve-year profile of screening results of retinopathy of prematurity at a tertiary care institute in Northwest China.

Aim: To report the changes in detection rate and characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants, during a 12-year period in Northwest China.

Methods: The medical records of infants were retrospectively collected and reviewed using an established clinical database. The detection rate and severity of ROP were compared between two consecutive periods (P1: 2008-2013, P2: 2014-2019).

Corrigendum to "Nav1.7 via Promotion of ERK in the Trigeminal Ganglion Plays an Important Role in the Induction of Pulpitis Inflammatory Pain".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/6973932.].

Value of ocular trauma score in predicting the incidence of secondary glaucoma after closed globe injury.

Aim: To analyze the visual acuity (VA) and the incidence of secondary glaucoma among patients with closed globe injury (CGI). To determine the correlations between the ocular trauma score (OTS) with surgery rate, and evaluate the applicability of OTS in secondary glaucoma prediction and treatment.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 265 patients (265 eyes) with CGI admitted to Xijing Hospital between January 2014 and December 2016.

The Efficacy and Safety of YAG Laser Vitreolysis for Symptomatic Vitreous Floaters of Complete PVD or Non-PVD.

Introduction: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of YAG laser vitreolysis in treating symptomatic vitreous floaters of complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and non-PVD.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 51 eyes with symptomatic floaters were treated with YAG laser vitreolysis. Participants were divided into complete PVD and non-PVD groups.

Identification of a Ferroptosis-Related Long Noncoding RNA Prognostic Signature and Its Predictive Ability to Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) are increasingly being used to treat patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but only a third of these patients are sensitive to ICBs. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis could be a novel target for antitumor treatment, and combined treatment with ferroptosis inducers might enhance sensitivity to immunotherapy. However, there is a lack of information on the crosstalk between ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and anti-tumor immunity.

[Analysis of fundus examination results in 8 808 pediatric patients in Northwest China].

To explore the incidence and age distribution of fundus abnormalities in pediatric patients aged 0-3 years in northwest China. A retrospective study of the clinical data of 8808 pediatric patients aged 0-3 years who underwent fundus examination with a wide-filed digital retinal imaging system and an indirect ophthalmoscope in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2019 were performed. There were 5092 males and 3716 females, with a median age of 1 month (range, 3 days to 3 years), a mean gestational age of 34.

Notch activation promotes endothelial quiescence by repressing MYC expression via miR-218.

After angiogenesis-activated embryonic and early postnatal vascularization, endothelial cells (ECs) in most tissues enter a quiescent state necessary for proper tissue perfusion and EC functions. Notch signaling is essential for maintaining EC quiescence, but the mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here, we show that microRNA-218 (miR-218) is a downstream effector of Notch in quiescent ECs.

Clinical Features of Spontaneous Regression of Retinopathy of Prematurity in China: A 5-Year Retrospective Case Series.

The aim of this study is to explore the clinical features of spontaneous regression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in China, including fundus appearance, time course, and affecting factors. Data of pediatric patients in whom ROP spontaneously regressed without treatment were collected, including general demographics, medical history, zones and stages of ROP, and changes of fundus appearance. The fundus manifestations of spontaneous regression in ROP were systematically summarized.

Newly-found functions of metformin for the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration.

Metformin (MET), a first-line oral agent used to treat diabetes, exerts its function mainly by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein. The accumulation of oxidized phospholipids in the outer layer of the retina plays a key role in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells death and the formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which mean the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Recent studies have shown that MET can regulate lipid metabolism, inhibit inflammation, and prohibit retinal cell death and CNV formation due to various pathological factors.

[A case of CHARGE syndrome confirmed by ophthalmology].

A 31-month-old female patient presented to our department of Ophthalmology in Xijing Hospital with insufficiency closed eyelid in left eye and photophobia for one month. Unsteady gait with asymmetrical face, bilateral auricle deformity and deafness could be observed on the pediatric patient. Esotropia in left eye combined, left facial nerve palsy, with binocular anisometropia was checked out after general eye examination.

Role of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C in the Regulation of Inner Endothelial Blood-Retinal Barrier Function.

Although JAM-C is abundantly expressed in the retinae and upregulated in choroidal neovascularization (CNV), it remains thus far poorly understood whether it plays a role in the blood-retinal barrier, which is critical to maintain the normal functions of the eye. Here, we report that JAM-C is highly expressed in retinal capillary endothelial cells (RCECs), and VEGF or PDGF-C treatment induced JAM-C translocation from the cytoplasm to the cytomembrane. Moreover, JAM-C knockdown in RCECs inhibited the adhesion and transmigration of macrophages from wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) patients to and through RCECs, whereas JAM-C overexpression in RCECs increased the adhesion and transmigration of macrophages from both wAMD patients and healthy controls.

Correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and clinical manifestations and complications of retinitis pigmentosa.

Purpose: The role of inflammation in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) has been receiving additional attention. However, the association between inflammation and the clinical manifestations and complications of RP is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of RP complicated with cataract and explore the correlations between the NLR and specific clinical features of RP.

[The prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity in the mainland of China from 2008 to 2018].

With improved neonatal care, the survival rate of premature infants has been greatly increased, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has already been the leading cause of blindness in children. Thereupon screening and treatment of ROP have been deeply performed in China. However, the implementation and the detection rate vary greatly in different regions.