Intradevice Repeatability and Interdevice Comparison of Two Specular Microscopy Devices in a Real-Life Setting: Tomey EM-4000 and Nidek CEM-530.

: The purpose of this study was to compare two commercially available specular microscopes (Tomey EM-4000 and Nidek CEM-530) in a real-life clinical setting in terms of intra- and interdevice variability. The study was conducted on all patients seen in a clinical practice specializing in anterior segment pathologies, regardless of the purpose of their visit. : In total, 112 eyes of 56 patients (age 23-85 years old) were included in the study.

Correlation of the OCT Double-Layer Sign with Type 1 Non-Exudative Neovascularization on OCT-A in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

: Early diagnosis of the exudative form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is very important for a timely first treatment, which is directly related to the preservation of functional visual acuity over a long period. The goal of this paper was to examine the correlation between the double-layer sign (DLS) and the presence of non-exudative macular neovascularization (MNV). : Our research included 60 patients with AMD, exudative in one eye and non-exudative in the other eye.

Interleukin 12 in the Acute Phase of the Immune Response after Excimer Laser Treatment.

Background And Objectives: The aim of the research was to investigate the differences in the concentrations of IL-12, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ in tears after LASIK and PRK procedures.

Materials And Methods: The study included 68 myopic eyes up to -3.0 D refractive spherical equivalent, divided into two groups: Group 1 LASIK ( = 31) and Group 2 PRK ( = 37).

Mammalian Animal and Human Retinal Organ Culture as Pre-Clinical Model to Evaluate Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Intraocular Therapeutics.

Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the pathogenesis of retinal neurodegenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and an important target of therapeutic treatments. New therapeutics are tested in vivo despite limits in terms of transferability and ethical concerns. Retina cultures using human tissue can deliver critical information and significantly reduce the number of animal experiments along with increased transferability.

Predictability of Astigmatism Correction by Arcuate Incisions with a Femtosecond Laser Using the Gaussian Approximation Calculation.

Planning astigmatic correction is a complex task. Biomechanical simulation models are useful for predicting the effects of the physical procedure on the cornea. Algorithms based on these models allow preoperative planning and simulate the outcome of patient-specific treatment.

Enhanced Biosafety of the Transposon System by Using mRNA as Source of Transposase to Efficiently and Stably Transfect Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD) is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which leads to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell and photoreceptor degeneration and blindness if untreated. Since blood vessel growth is mediated by endothelial cell growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), treatment consists of repeated, often monthly, intravitreal injections of anti-angiogenic biopharmaceuticals. Frequent injections are costly and present logistic difficulties; therefore, our laboratories are developing a cell-based gene therapy based on autologous RPE cells transfected ex vivo with the pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF), which is the most potent natural antagonist of VEGF.

Comparison of Conventional and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery Regarding Macula Behavior and Thickness.

: The aim of the study was to compare macular thickness behavior and clinical outcomes after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) versus phacoemulsification conventional surgery (PCS). : Macular Optical Coherence Tomography OCT was analyzed in 42 patients preoperatively, 1 day, 12 days, 4 weeks and 6 weeks postoperatively according to the 9-field Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid. Clinical findings were collected in both the FLACS group and the PCS group.

Bowman Layer Transplantation for Treating Keratoconus-Preliminary Findings.

(1) Background: Mid-stromal isolated Bowman layer transplantation aims to reduce and stabilize corneal ectasia in patients with advanced, progressive keratoconus. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this new surgical technique. (2) Methods: Following the PRISMA statement and checklist, we searched Medline, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and Embase and used a broad systematic search strategy according to the Cochrane Collaboration.

First Clinical Results of a New Generation of Ablative Solid-State Lasers.

In the early 2000s, solid-state lasers emerged as an alternative technology to excimer systems in refractive surgery. Despite some technological limits at the time, good clinical results could be achieved with solid-state laser systems. This prospective case series reports clinical outcomes of five eyes treated with a newly developed solid-state laser system (AquariuZ) in three patients.

Real world outcomes of the new Tecnis Eyhance IOL.

Purpose: To compare the performance of Tecnis Eyhance ICB00 with Tecnis PCB00 IOL for far, intermediate, and near vision, in patients after bilateral cataract surgery.

Settings: This study was done at Geneva University Hospitals.

Design: This is a retrospective study of 224 eyes that underwent cataract between May 2019 and June 2020.

Visual Outcomes of Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) in Thin Corneas.

We aimed to find out whether thin (≤500 μm) or normal (>500 μm, control) corneal thickness would impact efficacy and safety outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). We retrospectively analyzed medical records of adult patients who had undergone SMILE. A total of 57 eyes were included in the “thin corneas” group and 180 eyes in the “control” group.

The SWISS IOL Technique (Small-Width Incision Scleral Suture): A Mini-Invasive Technique.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes and safety of a minimally invasive technique for sutured IOL scleral fixation in case of compromised capsular and iris support.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, we explain our mini-invasive technique and assess the outcomes in terms of visual acuity, pre- or postoperative complications, and IOL position (Sensar AR40e, AMO) in a case series of three patients.

Results: The expected best corrected visual acuity could be achieved after one month.

Triggerfish Recording of IOP Patterns in Combined HFDS Minimally Invasive Glaucoma and Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study.

Background: The aim of the study is to investigate whether the circadian IOP rhythm can be influenced by combined cataract surgery with high frequency deep sclerotomy (HFDS) and whether intraocular pressure (IOP) can be significantly reduced by HFDS.

Methods: In our study 10 patients were included, in whom 24 h IOP monitoring was installed before and after HFDS/cataract surgery using a Triggerfish. HFDS is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS).

Why Use Ultrashort Pulses in Ophthalmology and Which Factors Affect Cut Quality.

The power density of femtosecond lasers and exposure time to the tissue are crucial for a successful procedure in terms of safety and precision. The reduction of the pulse duration allows reducing the quantity of the energy to be delivered to the tissue for disruption with strongly diminished mechanical and thermal collateral damage. The cutting effect of ultra-short pulses is very precise, minimally traumatic, safe, and predictable.

Multifocal Femto-PresbyLASIK in Pseudophakic Eyes.

Background: Presbyopia treatment in pseudophakic patients with a monofocal IOL is challenging. This study investigates the refractive results of femto-PresbyLASIK and analyzes presbyopia treatment in pseudophakic eyes.

Methods: 14 patients with 28 pseudophakic eyes were treated with femto-PresbyLASIK.

Phacoemulsification and IOL-Implantation without Using Viscoelastics: Combined Modeling of Thermo Fluid Dynamics, Clinical Outcomes, and Endothelial Cell Density.

Phacoemulsification is a widely used surgical method in cataract surgery with a high energy ultrasound source. The viscoelastic is considered to be tissue protective. The aim of this study is to investigate during surgery the impact of using viscoelastic versus no viscoelastic on clinical outcomes, potential complications and effect on endothelial cell density.

Comparison of Femtosecond Laser-Assisted and Ultrasound-Assisted Cataract Surgery with Focus on Endothelial Analysis.

Unlabelled: Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery has the potential to make critical steps of cataract surgery easier and safer, and reduce endothelial cell loss, thus, improving postoperative outcomes. This study compared FLACS with the conventional method in terms of endothelial cells behavior, clinical outcomes, and capsulotomy precision.

Methods: In a single-center, randomized controlled study, 130 patients with cataracta senilis received FLACS or conventional cataract surgery.

Changes of Corneal Biomechanical Properties upon Exclusive Ytt-/Sr-90 Irradiation of Pterygium.

Background: It is known that pterygia above a certain size cause astigmatism and other aberrations of the human cornea and thus impair the quality of vision. Exclusive Sr-/Ytt-90 beta irradiation is a highly effective treatment for primary pterygia. The aim of this retrospective study is to determine the extent to which higher order corneal aberrations are affected by this treatment.

Optimization of surgical parameters based on patient-specific models: Application to arcuate keratotomy.

Purpose: To determine surgical parameters for arcuate keratotomy by simulating the intervention with a patient-specific model.

Setting: University Eye Clinic Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria, and Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Switzerland.

Design: Computational modeling study.

Recent Innovations in Collagen Corneal Cross-linking; a Mini Review.

Background: The introduction of corneal cross-linking (CXL) with ultraviolet-A (UVA) and Riboflavin photosensitizer (Vit B) from Seiler , revolutionized the treatment of Keratoconus and other corneal ectatic diseases. Today, the commonly known epithelium off Dresden protocol is in clinical use for the last 15 years with great success and regarded by many as the golden standard.

Methods: With several studies demonstrating its simplicity, efficacy and safety this revolutionary method, paved the way for new therapies and strategies in the treatment of corneal ectatic diseases and changed our understanding in corneal biomechanics.

Cataract Surgery Performed by High Frequency LDV Z8 Femtosecond Laser: Safety, Efficacy, and Its Physical Properties.

Background: The aim of our study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of the LDV Z8 femtosecond laser in cataract surgery compared to the conventional procedure.

Methods: This prospective study was performed at the Swiss Eye Research Foundation, Eye Clinic ORASIS, Reinach, Switzerland. The study included 130 eyes from 130 patients: 68 treated with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) using the FEMTO LDV Z8 and 62 treated with conventional phacoemulsification.

A Novel Laser Refractive Surgical Treatment for Presbyopia: Optics-Based Customization for Improved Clinical Outcome.

Laser Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) is a proven treatment method for corneal refractive surgery. Surgically induced higher order optical aberrations were a major reason why the method was only rarely used to treat presbyopia, an age-related near-vision loss. In this study, a novel customization algorithm for designing multifocal ablation patterns, thereby minimizing induced optical aberrations, was used to treat 36 presbyopic subjects.

Excimer Laser Surgery: Biometrical Iris Eye Recognition with Cyclorotational Control Eye Tracker System.

A prospective comparative study assessing the importance of the intra-operative dynamic rotational tracking-especially in the treatment of astigmatisms in corneal refractive Excimer laser correction-concerning clinical outcomes is presented. The cyclotorsion from upright to supine position was measured using iris image comparison. The Group 1 of patients was additionally treated with cyclorotational control and Group 2 only with X-Y control.

Biomechanical Modeling of Pterygium Radiation Surgery: A Retrospective Case Study.

Pterygium is a vascularized, invasive transformation on the anterior corneal surface that can be treated by Strontium-/Yttrium90 beta irradiation. Finite element modeling was used to analyze the biomechanical effects governing the treatment, and to help understand clinically observed changes in corneal astigmatism. Results suggested that irradiation-induced pulling forces on the anterior corneal surface can cause astigmatism, as well as central corneal flattening.

A mathematical approach to human pterygium shape.

Purpose: Pterygium is a common lesion affecting the population in countries with high levels of ultraviolet exposure. The final shape of a pterygium is the result of a growth pattern, which remains poorly understood. This manuscript provides a mathematical analysis as a tool to determine the shape of human pterygia.