Screening for retinopathy of prematurity in China: a five-year cohort study in seven screening centers.

Background: To analyze the demographic characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in China, attempting to propose optimized screening criteria and hopefully providing valuable information for future updates to the ROP guideline.

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective-cohort study was conducted. The study included infants born between January 1, 2018, and July 31, 2023, who underwent ROP screening and were diagnosed with ROP at seven screening centers in China.

Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy with Erythrosin B, Eosin Y, and Rose Bengal for the inhibition of fungal keratitis isolates: An in vitro study.

Introduction: Fungal keratitis is a leading cause of corneal blindness, with current antifungal treatments having limited efficacy. One promising treatment modality is Rose Bengal (RB) photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) that has shown mixed success against fungal keratitis. Therefore, there is a need to explore the antimicrobial efficacy of other green-light activated photosensitizers that have deep penetration in the cornea to combat the deep fungal infections, such as Erythrosin B (EB) and Eosin Y (EY).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Down Syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21 that affects approximately 1 in 700 people born in the U.S. People with DS are at a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), with practically all individuals developing AD histopathology and more than half progressing to dementia.

Real-world analysis of medications inducing meibomian gland dysfunction: based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database.

Background: Dry eye syndrome (DES) has become a significant public health issue, impacting quality of life. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is a primary contributor to DES, and its etiology includes diverse factors. Given the potential for drug-induced MGD, comprehensive investigation into this association is crucial.

Assessment of glaucoma with retinal nerve fiber layer optical density ratios from volumetric optical coherence tomography across various analytical radii.

Objective: To explore the impact of glaucoma on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) optical density ratio (ODR) by volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) under different analytical radii.

Methods: Twenty-five eyes identified as healthy and 57 eyes with a glaucoma diagnosis (23 mild and 34 moderate-advanced cases) underwent volumetric OCT scans centered at the optic nerve head. Cross-sectional images were obtained through 5 distinct analytical circles with varying radii.

Association between systemic immune inflammation index and cataract incidence from 2005 to 2008.

The objective of this study is to investigate the association between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and cataracts. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2005-2008 NHANES to examine the relationship between the SII and cataract prevalence. Covariates included age, race/ethnicity, gender, education level, marital status, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.

[Research progress on the manifestations prevention and treatment of immune-related adverse events in the neuro-ophthalmic efferent system related to immune checkpoint inhibitors].

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), as a new type of targeted therapeutic drugs, have demonstrated durable efficacy in cancer treatment. However, some patients receiving ICI treatment may be affected by immune-related adverse events (irAE). Compared with irAE in skin tissues, gastrointestinal system, etc.

[Paying attention to the management of blinding complications caused by early-onset high myopia in children].

Early-onset high myopia (eoHM) in children is a kind of high myopia that occurs in preschool children. While affecting the visual development process, eoHM can cause a series of complications such as retinal rupture and detachment, and posterior scleral staphyloma, which not only damage the visual function, but also delay the overall development of children. Therefore, early prevention, early diagnosis, timely treatment, and long-term management are crucial.

Associations between choroidal thickness and rate of axial elongation in orthokeratology lens users.

Objective: To investigate the impact of using orthokeratology lenses (OK lenses) for one year on the axial length (AL) and choroidal thickness (ChT) in the 6 mm concentric central retinal region.

Methods: 36 myopic children (36 eyes) aged 8 to 16 years were enrolled. For the duration of one year, the OK group (18 subjects) utilized OK lenses, while the spectacles group (18 subjects) utilized single-vision spectacles as a control.

Quantitative ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy and association with treatment and progression.

Purpose: To determine if demographic factors and calculated areas of nonperfusion (NP) and neovascularization (NV) on ultra-widefield (UWF) fluorescein angiography (FA) in the eyes of patients with diabetes are associated with treatment with intravitreal injections (IVIs), panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 363 patients (651 eyes) treated at the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center between January 2009 and May 2018. Eligible participants were 18 years or older diagnosed with diabetes who received UWF FA.

Real-World Outcomes in Pre-Existing Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Subjects Undergoing Avacincaptad Therapy for Geographic Atrophy.

Purpose: To evaluate real-world outcomes in subjects with pre-existing neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) undergoing intravitreal avacincaptad pegol (IVA) treatment for geographic atrophy (GA).

Methods: This study was undertaken as a retrospective, case-controlled assessment of patients undergoing IVA treatment for GA from 2 community-based retina practices. Patients were separated into 1) a Study Group consisting of subjects with pre-existing neovascular AMD prior to initiation of IVA for GA, and 2) a Control Group consisting of AMD subjects without neovascularization prior to initiation of IVA for GA.

"Energetics of the outer retina I: Estimates of nutrient exchange and ATP generation".

Photoreceptors (PRs) are metabolically demanding and packed at high density, which presents a challenge for nutrient exchange between the associated vascular beds and the tissue. Motivated by the ambition to understand the constraints under which PRs function, in this study we have drawn together diverse physiological and anatomical data in order to generate estimates of the rates of ATP production per mm2 of retinal surface area. With the predictions of metabolic demand in the companion paper, we seek to develop an integrated energy budget for the outer retina.

Comparison of ocular biometry and refractive outcomes using two swept-source optical coherence tomography-based biometers.

Background: To evaluate the ocular biometry agreement and prediction of postoperative refractive outcomes obtained using two swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometers: Anterion (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and Argos (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA).

Methods: Ambispective analysis was conducted on 105 eyes at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, between June 2021 and March 2022. Biometric values were assessed using both devices before cataract surgery.

Exome-wide genetic risk score (ExGRS) to predict high myopia across multi-ancestry populations.

Background: High myopia (HM), characterized by a severe myopic refractive error, stands as a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness globally. HM is a multifactorial ocular disease that presents high genetic heterogeneity. Employing a genetic risk score (GRS) is useful for capturing genetic susceptibility to HM.

Bilateral primary vitreoretinal lymphoma masquerading as fungal endophthalmitis- a case report.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) masquerading as endophthalmitis in a patient with a history of bilateral cataract surgery and COVID-19.

Observation: A 60-year-old male patient presented with diminution of vision in both the eyes. There was a history of bilateral cataract surgery done 2 months back at a gap of one week and COVID-19 infection treated with high dose systemic corticosteroids.

Post mortem cadaveric and imaging mapping analysis of the influence of cochlear implants on cMRI assessment regarding implant positioning and artifact formation.

Objectives: In times of an aging society and considering the escalating health economic costs, the indications for imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), must be carefully considered and strictly adhered to. This cadaver study aims to examine the influence of cochlear implant (CI) on the assessment of intracranial structures, artifact formation, and size in cranial MRI (cMRI). Furthermore, it seeks to evaluate the potential limitations in the interpretability and diagnostic value of cMRI in CI patients.

Evaluating the impact of smoking on the risk of dry eye disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a common condition worldwide, with smoking being recognized as a possible aggravating factor. Although observational studies have indicated a potential correlation, the findings have been inconclusive. In the study, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis is used to investigate this potential causal relationship.

Corneal Refractive Surgery Considerations in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric eating disorder characterized by body mass index (BMI) ≤ 18.5, fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of body weight. With increasing rates of myopia, there is a population of patients who concurrently develop AN and may seek corneal refractive surgery.

Comparison of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents and oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in the treatment of cystoid macular edema secondary to retinitis pigmentosa.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents with oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) in treating cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 98 patients (98 eyes) with RP-CME: 47 (48.0%) received intravitreal anti-VEGF agents (Ranibizumab or Bevacizumab) and 51 (52.

Hyaluronan-modified nanoceria for dry eye disease treatment.

Dry eye disease (DED), a prevalent ocular disorder, affects nearly half the global population, bringing enormous health and economic burden. Currently, the predominant treatments for DED involve the administration of artificial tears, which is often hindered by continuous administration and constant reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulus. Therefore, hyaluronan (HA)-modified cerium oxide (CeO) nanoparticles, HA-CeO, were developed to achieve simultaneous ROS scavenging and enhanced tear film stability.

Impaired visual attention and numerical processing in children with anisometropic amblyopia and after visual acuity recovery.

Amblyopia affects more than visual acuity. To compare the performances of visual selective attention and numerical processing in children with anisometropic amblyopia and children with normal vision, and investigate whether performance would be improved after visual acuity recovery, we performed 3 visual attention tasks (identifying number location task, numerical comparison task, and specific number comparison task) in children with anisometropic amblyopia, children who had recovered from anisometropic amblyopia, and children with normal vision in 6-8 and 9-11 years groups. The numerical processing ability, visual selective attention, and numerical distance effect were assessed by their reaction time of different tasks.

Early response of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) in diabetic macular edema (DME) management: microperimetry and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings: a pilot study at national eye center of third world country.

Purpose: To evaluate early response of retinal sensitivity (RS) and retinal morphology in diabetic macular edema (DME) patients after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment.

Methods: Sixteen eyes of 12 DME patients were included in this study conducted prospectively. All eyes underwent functional and morphologic examination of the macular area using microperimetry and optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after intravitreal anti-VEGF injection.

An exploration of safe and efficient nucleus fragmentation strategies for femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in short axial length patients.

Purepose: The intraoperative femtosecond laser time, Cumulative Dissipated Energy (CDE), Effective Phacoemulsification time (EPT), and intraoperative fluid perfusion volume were compared under different model fragmentation modes using Catalys femtosecond laser system.

Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study. A total of 120 eyes who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in Xiamen Eye Center affiliated to Xiamen University from September 2022 to March 2023 were randomly divided into 4 groups to undergo pre-nucleus splitting in different ways: Group 1: six-split, Group 2: eight-split, Group 3: six-split + gridded softening, and Group 4: eight-split + gridded softening.

Transplantation of derivative retinal organoids from chemically induced pluripotent stem cells restored visual function.

As an emerging type of pluripotent stem cells, chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs) avoid the risks of genomic disintegration by exogenous DNAs from viruses or plasmids, providing a safer stem cell source. To verify CiPSCs' capacity to differentiate into retinal organoids (ROs), we induced CiPSCs from mouse embryonic fibroblasts by defined small-molecule compounds and successfully differentiated the CiPSCs into three-dimensional ROs, in which all major retinal cell types and retinal genes were in concordance with those in vivo. We transplanted retinal photoreceptors from ROs into the subretinal space of retinal degeneration mouse models and the cells could integrate into the host retina, establish synaptic connections, and significantly improve the visual functions of the murine models.