Low and high glycemic index drinks differentially affect sleep polysomnography and memory consolidation: A randomized controlled trial.

Limited research has examined the effect of meal composition on sleep. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that a low glycemic index (LGI) drink containing 50 g isomaltulose (Palatinose, GI = 32) would result in more N3 sleep, less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and better memory consolidation than a high glycemic index (HGI) drink containing 50 g glucose (GI = 100). Healthy males (n = 20) attended the laboratory on three occasions at least a week apart (one acclimatization night and two test nights).

Performance of the quantitative pupillary light reflex and neurological pupil index for predicting neurological outcomes in cardiac arrest patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The performance of quantitative pupillary light reflex (qPLR) and the neurological pupil index (NPi) was used to predict neurological outcomes in cardiac arrest (CA) patients.

Methods: Eligible studies on the ability of the qPLR and NPi to predict neurological outcomes in CA patients were searched from the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases until July 2023. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI), area under the curve, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were analyzed via Stata 14.

The Effect of Cataract Surgery on Stereoacuity, Balance, and Falls in Patients With Senile Cataract.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of cataract surgery on visual acuity, stereoacuity, balance, and falls in patients with senile cataract.

Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional study. The patients were divided into group 1 if the first surgery was performed on the dominant eye and group 2 on the nondominant eye.

The corneal biomechanical changes of phacoemulsification in cataract patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the corneal biomechanical properties of phacoemulsification in the treatment of cataract patients.

Methods: Pertinent studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and clinicaltrials.gov.

Virtual reality perimetry compared to standard automated perimetry in adults with glaucoma: A systematic review.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to consolidate and summarize available data comparing virtual reality perimetry (VRP) with standard automated perimetry (SAP) in adults with glaucoma. Understanding the utility and diagnostic performance of emerging VRP technology may expand access to visual field testing but requires evidence-based validation.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in 3 databases (PubMed Central, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from the date of inception to 10/09/2024.

Physiological growth of ocular axial length among Chinese children and teenagers: A 6-year cohort study.

To investigate the pattern and threshold of physiological growth, defining as axial length (AL) elongation that results in little refraction progression, among Chinese children and teenagers, a total of 916 children aged between 7 and 18 years from a 6-year longitudinal cohort study were included for analysis. Ocular biometry, cycloplegic refraction and demographic data were obtained annually. Physiological growth was calculated based on myopic progression and Gullstrand eye model, respectively.

Evidence of a persistent altered neural state in people with fibromyalgia syndrome during functional MRI studies and its relationship with pain and anxiety.

Altered neural signaling in fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) was investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We employed a novel fMRI network analysis method, Structural and Physiological Modeling (SAPM), which provides more detailed information than previous methods. The study involved brain fMRI data from participants with FM (N = 22) and a control group (HC, N = 18), acquired during a noxious stimulation paradigm.

Real sounds influence postural stability in people with vestibular loss but not in healthy controls.

Objective: What we hear may influence postural control, particularly in people with vestibular hypofunction. Would hearing a moving subway destabilize people similarly to seeing the train move? We investigated how people with unilateral vestibular hypofunction and healthy controls incorporated broadband and real-recorded sounds with visual load for balance in an immersive contextual scene.

Design: Participants stood on foam placed on a force-platform, wore the HTC Vive headset, and observed an immersive subway environment.

Protocol for real-time assessment of energy metabolism in dissociated mouse retinal photoreceptors using a SeahorseXFe24 analyzer.

Defects in retinal metabolism have been linked to the onset and progression of various retinal diseases. Herein, we provide a protocol for measuring bioenergetics in dissociated mouse retinal photoreceptors. We outline detailed instructions for obtaining morphologically intact and viable photoreceptor cells from adult mice and preparing the cells for metabolic analysis using a SeahorseXFe24 analyzer.

Altered Effective Connectivity Within a Thalamocortical Corollary Discharge Network in Individuals With Schizophrenia.

Background And Hypothesis: Sequential saccade planning requires corollary discharge (CD) signals that provide information about the planned landing location of an eye movement. These CD signals may be altered among individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), providing a potential mechanism to explain passivity and anomalous self-experiences broadly. In healthy controls (HC), a key oculomotor CD network transmits CD signals from the thalamus to the frontal eye fields (FEF) and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and also remaps signals from FEF to IPS.

Artificial Intelligence for Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma.

Purpose: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL), with optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers significant opportunities in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. This article explores the application of various DL models in enhancing OCT capabilities and addresses the challenges associated with their clinical implementation.

Methods: A review of articles utilizing DL models was conducted, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), autoencoders, and large language models (LLMs).

Establishment of an Ex Vivo Human Corneal Endothelium Wound Model.

Purpose: A human model able to simulate the manifestation of corneal endothelium decompensation could be advantageous for wound healing and future cell therapy assessment. The study aimed to establish an ex vivo human cornea endothelium wound model where endothelium function can be evaluated by measuring corneal thickness changes.

Methods: The human cornea was maintained in an artificial anterior chamber, with a continuous culture medium infusion system designed to sustain corneal endothelium and epithelium simultaneously.

Determinants of Human Corneal Mechanical Wave Dispersion for In Vivo Optical Coherence Elastography.

Purpose: To characterize frequency-dependent wave speed dispersion in the human cornea using microliter air-pulse optical coherence elastography (OCE), and to evaluate the applicability of Lamb wave theory for determining corneal elastic modulus using high-frequency symmetric (S0) and anti-symmetric (A0) guided waves in cornea.

Methods: Wave speed dispersion analysis for transient (0.5 ms) microliter air-pulse stimulation was performed in four rabbit eyes ex vivo and compared to air-coupled ultrasound excitation.

Exosome's Implications in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: This study aims to conduct a mini review of published literature concerning the role of exosomes in the field of ophthalmology, with a specific focus on Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

Methods: In this study, a comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant publications. Additionally, trials submitted to clinicaltrials.

Enhanced Transcriptional Activation in Developing Mouse Photoreceptors.

Purpose: Retinal development in the mouse continues past birth and provides a widely used model system in which photoreceptor formation can be observed and manipulated. This experimental paradigm provides opportunities for both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies, which can be accomplished through in vivo or ex vivo plasmid delivery and electroporation. However, the cis-regulatory elements used to implement this approach have not been fully evaluated or optimized for the unique transcriptional environment of photoreceptors.

Preferential Sites of Retinal Capillary Occlusion in Sickle Cell Disease.

Purpose: To assess the preferential sites of retinal capillary occlusion at the parafovea in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Methods: OCT-A scans from 107 patients with SCD and 51 race-matched unaffected controls were obtained using a commercial spectral domain-OCT system. At least eight sequential 3 × 3 mm scans centered at the fovea were acquired and averaged for image analysis.

A comparative analysis of perceptual noise in lateral and depth motion: Evidence from eye tracking.

The characterization of how precisely we perceive visual speed has traditionally relied on psychophysical judgments in discrimination tasks. Such tasks are often considered laborious and susceptible to biases, particularly without the involvement of highly trained participants. Additionally, thresholds for motion-in-depth perception are frequently reported as higher compared to lateral motion, a discrepancy that contrasts with everyday visuomotor tasks.

Neonatal Nutrition and Brain Structure at 7 Years in Children Born Very Preterm.

Importance: Neonatal protein intake following very preterm birth has long lasting effects on brain development. However, it is uncertain whether these effects are associated with improved or impaired brain maturation.

Objective: To assess the association of neonatal protein intake following very preterm birth with brain structure at 7 years of age.

Effect of Different Treatments on Retinal Thickness Changes in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system, with varying clinical manifestations such as optic neuritis, sensory disturbances, and brainstem syndromes. Disease progression is monitored through methods like MRI scans, disability scales, and optical coherence tomography (OCT), which can detect retinal thinning, even in the absence of optic neuritis. MS progression involves neurodegeneration, particularly trans-synaptic degeneration, which extends beyond the initial injury site.

Artificial Cornea Substitute Based on Hydrogel Skeletons with Natural Stromal Hierarchical Structure and Extracellular Matrix for Sutureless Transplantation.

Corneal substitutes with structural and compositional characteristics resembling those of natural corneas have attracted considerable attention. However, biomimicking the complex hierarchical organization of corneal stroma is challenging. In this study, humanized corneal stroma-like adhesive patches (HCSPs) are prepared through a multi-step process.

One tube for all: 1-year outcomes after transition to Paul glaucoma implant at a tertiary centre.

Purpose: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and success rate of Paul glaucoma implant (PGI) in refractory glaucoma after changing practice pattern from Ahmed and Baerveldt tubes to PGI.

Methods: A prospective observational study of the first 50 consecutive PGI surgeries at a single Danish tertiary centre from January 2022 to October 2023. Primary endpoints were IOP and success rates after 12 months.

SMARCB1-deficient malignant melanocytic uveal tumours: a new neural crest-derived tumour entity with SMARCB1-related germline predisposition.

Rhabdoid tumours (RT) are an aggressive malignancy affecting <2-year-old infants, characterised by biallelic loss-of-function alterations in SWI/SNF-related BAF chromatin remodelling complex subunit B1 (SMARCB1) in nearly all cases. Germline SMARCB1 alterations are found in ~30% of patients and define the RT Predisposition Syndrome type 1 (RTPS1). Uveal melanoma (UVM), the most common primary intraocular cancer in adults, does not harbour SMARCB1 alterations.

Classification and treatment approach of chemical burn associated Limbal stem cell deficiency: based on novel global consensus.

Purpose: To evaluate the severity distribution of chemical burn-induced Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) according to the novel global consensus classification and to compare the treatment approach, before and after the global consensus.

Methods: Medical records of 127 eyes of 109 patients with LSCD were included. LSCD stages were categorized according to the global consensus classification published by "International LSCD Working Group".

Indoor air quality and human health risk assessment in selected high-altitude villages of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

This research marks the inaugural endeavor in Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) to identify the primary sources of household energy and indoor air pollutants (IAPs) during the winter and additionally, to evaluate the health impacts associated with IAPs within specific high-altitude communities in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Using the convenience sampling method, 20 households were continuously monitored to assess IAPs based on standards time-weighted average. The study found that 90% of the population relied primarily on animal dung as their main energy source, with wood, agricultural residues, electricity, and gas as other sources.