Glaucoma Detection and Feature Identification via GPT-4V Fundus Image Analysis.

Purpose: The aim is to assess GPT-4V's (OpenAI) diagnostic accuracy and its capability to identify glaucoma-related features compared to expert evaluations.

Design: Evaluation of multimodal large language models for reviewing fundus images in glaucoma.

Subjects: A total of 300 fundus images from 3 public datasets (ACRIMA, ORIGA, and RIM-One v3) that included 139 glaucomatous and 161 nonglaucomatous cases were analyzed.

Application of Geographic Information System and Google Earth Engine for Spatial Analysis of Land Use by the Legacy Dumpsite at Raipur, Chhattisgarh: A Time Series Analysis.

Background: Legacy dump sites pose health and environmental risks. Challenges such as difficulty in monitoring and the impact of policy changes towards remediation efforts remain enigmatic due to complexities.

Objectives: Hence this study aimed to use Geographic Information System (GIS) and Google Earth historical imagery to monitor changes in legacy dump site located at Sarona in Raipur and to assess the impact of waste management strategies being implemented currently.

Progress in photoreceptor replacement therapy for retinal degenerative diseases.

Retinal degenerative diseases encompass a diverse range of eye conditions that result in blindness, many due to photoreceptor dysfunction and loss. Regrettably, current clinical treatments are frequently not overly effective. However, photoreceptor transplantation shows promise as a potential therapy for late-stage retinal degenerative diseases.

Impact of Leading Line Composition on Visual Cognition: An Eye-Tracking Study.

Leading lines, a fundamental composition technique in photography, are crucial to guiding the viewer's visual attention. Leading line composition is an effective visual strategy for influencing viewers' cognitive processes. However, in-depth research on the impact of leading line composition on cognitive psychology is lacking.

Intelligent Standalone Eye Blinking Monitoring System for Computer Users.

: Working on computers for long hours has become a regular task for millions of people around the world. This has led to the increase of eye and vision issues related to prolonged computer use, known as computer vision syndrome (CVS). A main contributor to CVS caused by dry eyes is the reduction of blinking rates.

Factors Associated with Gonioscopy Before Glaucoma Procedures in the IRIS® Registry.

To analyze nationwide pre-operative gonioscopy utilization patterns for various glaucoma surgeries and laser surgeries over time using the IRIS Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). Retrospective cohort study. All adults who underwent a glaucoma surgery or laser surgery between January 1, 2014 and April 14, 2023.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Triaging Patients in Eye Casualty Departments: A Systematic Review.

Visual impairment and eye disease remain a significant burden, highlighting the need for further support regarding eye care services. Artificial intelligence (AI) and its rapid advancements are providing an avenue for transforming healthcare. As a result, this provides a potential avenue to address the growing challenges with eye health and could assist in settings such as eye casualty departments.

The role of dentate status and dental caries on diabetes-related complications: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

This study explored the role of dentate status and dental caries on diabetes-related complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A hospital-based cross-sectional design was applied to collect data on diabetic patients attending integrated services for non-communicable diseases and oral health at a public hospital in Thailand. Diabetic complication outcomes included diabetic eye and foot complications and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Tele-ophthalmology as an effective triaging tool for acute ophthalmic concerns.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to determine baseline demographics and utilization trend of an on-demand, synchronous tele-ophthalmology triage program in evaluating acute ophthalmic concerns during the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency.

Methods: Setting: Single-center retrospective chart review of telemedicine visits conducted by ophthalmologists and optometrists from University of Miami's Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Patient population: 6227 patients comprised 7138 telehealth encounters.

high-content screening reveals miR-429 as a protective molecule in photoreceptor degeneration.

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by progressive photoreceptor degeneration and irreversible vision loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs with post-transcriptional regulatory properties, are known to play a major role in retinal function, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Given their ability to simultaneously modulate multiple molecular pathways, miRNAs represent promising therapeutic tools for disorders with high genetic heterogeneity, such as IRDs.

Meta-analysis of retinal transcriptome profiling studies in animal models of myopia.

Objective: Myopia prevalence is increasing at alarming rates, yet the underlying mechanistic causes are not understood. Several studies have employed experimental animal models of myopia and transcriptome profiling to identify genes and pathways contributing to myopia. In this study, we determined the retinal transcriptome changes in response to form deprivation in mouse retinas.

Ocular inoculation of toad venom: toxic cataract and proteomic profiling.

Purpose: To report a singular case of cataract caused by toad venom inoculation and to scrutinize the pathological mechanisms through proteomic sequencing of the lens specimen.

Methods: A young Chinese male presented with progressively deteriorating vision in his right eye subsequent to a history of toad venom inoculation. He was diagnosed with a toxic cataract, and underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

A Novel Variant in TUBB4B Causes Progressive Cone-Rod Dystrophy and Early Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Background: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a frequent manifestation of syndromic inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), exemplified by the very rare form of autosomal-dominant Leber congenital amaurosis with early onset deafness (LCAEOD; OMIM #617879). LCAEOD was first described in 2017 in four families segregating heterozygous missense mutations in TUBB4B, a gene encoding a β-tubulin isotype. To date, only eight more families with similar TUBB4B-associated sensorineural disease (SND) have been reported.

EMDR Interventions in Refugees and Asylum Seekers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Both refugees and asylum seekers exhibit poorer mental health and higher rates of mental disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for which EMDR therapy has been shown to be effective. This review analyses the efficacy of EMDR in reducing PTDS in refugees or asylum seekers using randomized controlled studies (RCTs). A systematic review and meta-analysis published in PROSPERO (CRD42024595506) using the databases PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science were conducted.

One-year results of double site versus single site rigid probe viscotrabeculotomy in primary congenital glaucoma.

Study Purpose: to compare single- site viscotrabeculotomy in one eye and double-site rigid probe viscotrabeculotomy in the other eye of the same patient with Primary congenital glaucoma to evaluate the effect of the extent of angle treatment on success rate in the study's locality.

Patients And Methods: This prospective randomized study included 70 eyes of 35 children diagnosed with bilateral PCG who attended Mansoura Ophthalmic Center from June 2021 to July 2023. For each patient, one eye underwent single-site rigid probe viscotrabeculotomy (Group S: 35 eyes) and the fellow eye underwent double- site rigid probe viscotrabeculotomy (Group D: 35 eyes).

Temperature-Enhanced Purine Metabolism-Based Versatile SERS Platform for Rapid Clinical Pathogens Diagnosis and Drug-Resistant Assessment.

Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with machine learning (ML) techniques presents a promising approach for rapid pathogen identification. Previous studies have demonstrated that purine degradation metabolites are the primary contributors to SERS spectra; however, generating these distinguishable spectra typically requires a long incubation time (>10 h) at room temperature. Moreover, the lack of attention to spectral variations between strains of the same bacterial species has limited the generalizability of ML models in real-world applications.

Active control over exploration improves memory in toddlers.

Across two experiments, we implemented a novel gaze-contingent eye-tracking paradigm to investigate the early emergence of memory benefits from active control over exploration and to examine how exploratory behaviours affect memory formation in early development. Toddlers (experiment 1: = 36, 18-36 months; experiment 2: = 41, 23-36 months) were either allowed to actively control their exploration (active condition) or presented with the same information that they could only passively observe (passive condition in experiment 1; yoked condition in experiment 2). They were then tested in a preferential-looking paradigm in which familiar versus novel stimuli were presented in pairs.

Volitional spatial attention is lateralized in crows.

Like humans and many other animal species, birds exhibit left-right asymmetries in certain behaviours due to differences in hemispheric brain functions. While the lateralization of sensory and motor functions is well established in birds, the potential lateralization of high-level executive control functions, such as volitional attention, remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that carrion crows exhibit more pronounced volitional (endogenous) attention for stimuli monocularly viewed with the left eye and thus in the left visual hemifield.

Optimal Timing of Photobiomodulation Therapy for Retinal Diseases: Leveraging Circadian Mitochondrial Rhythms.

Age-related retinal degeneration is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using near-infrared light may improve mitochondrial function and visual performance, but its efficacy is critically time-dependent. This article explores how daily biological rhythms and mitochondrial function interact, focusing on the potential of timed PMBT for age-related eye diseases.

Altered Intra- and Inter-Network Resting-State Functional Connectivity is Associated with Neuropsychological Functioning and Clinical Symptoms in Patients with Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder.

Background: Isolated rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is characterized by abnormal behaviors in REM sleep and is considered as a prodromal symptom of alpha-synucleinopathies. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) studies have unveiled altered functional connectivity (rsFC) in patients with iRBD. However, the associations between intra- and inter-network rsFC with clinical symptoms and neuropsychological functioning in iRBD remain unclear.

Tandem achromatic metasurface for waveguide coupling in full-color AR displays.

Waveguide coupling design is one of the most challenging topics in augmented reality (AR) near-eye displays (NED). The primary challenge stems from the necessity to simultaneously address two competing factors: the overall volume of the AR system and the occurrence of chromatic aberration. To address this issue, what we believe to be a novel tandem trilayer achromatic metasurface is specifically designed for waveguide coupling in AR NEDs, capable of achieving an achromatic effect in a nanometer-thin layer.

O-band membrane photodetector with InGaAsP-bulk absorption core using Franz-Keldysh effect.

There has been an increasing need for small, low-cost, and low-power consumption optical transceivers for short-reach fiber links. Waveguide-integrated photodetectors (PDs) with wide bandwidth and high responsivity on Si photonics platforms are an essential element for these applications. We have fabricated an O-band membrane PD which is suitable for integration with high-performance III-V-based membrane devices such as lasers and modulators, and passive waveguide circuits on the Si photonics platforms.

Expanding field-of-view of near-to-eye display by hybrid angular and wavelength multiplexing.

Field-of-view (FOV) and resolution are two critical performance metrics of a near-to-eye display (NED) and are primarily limited by the refractive index (RI) of the waveguide combiner and the number of available pixel counts of the micro display. A high RI material (n = 2.0) is required to transfer an image exceeding a 60 degree full FOV using traditional techniques.

Multifocal near-eye display with a vari-focal lens and adjustable aperture.

Multifocal near-eye displays present three-dimensional images by creating multiple image planes at different depths within eye integration time. The refresh rate of the usual display panel is, however, not sufficiently fast, which results in flickering for a large number of image planes or limited depth coverage for a small number of the image planes. In this paper, we propose a method to optimize the depth of field of each image plane, resolving the flickering issue by using fewer image planes while still ensuring broader coverage.