Frequency and predictability effects for line-final words.

Computational models of eye movement control during reading have revolutionized the study of visual, perceptual, and linguistic processes underlying reading. However, these models can only simulate and test predictions about the reading of single lines of text. Here we report two studies that examined how input variables for lexical processing (frequency and predictability) in these models influence the processing of line-final words.

Safety and Vision Outcomes Following Gene Therapy for Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a severe genetic retinopathy caused by variants in the CYP4V2 gene. Currently, there is no approved treatment for BCD.

Objective: To evaluate safety and vision outcomes following gene therapy with adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding CYP4V2 (rAAV-hCYP4V2, NGGT001 [Next Generation Gene Therapeutics]).

miRNA Expression Profile in Primary Limbal Epithelial Cells of Aniridia Patients.

Purpose: This study evaluates the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in primary limbal epithelial cells (pLECs) of patients with aniridia.

Methods: Primary human LECs were sampled and isolated from 10 patients with aniridia and 10 healthy donors. The miRNA profile was analyzed using miRNA microarrays.

Recombinant Thrombomodulin Domain 1 Modulates Macrophage Polarization and Enhances Healing in Corneal Alkali Burns.

Purpose: Corneal alkali burns are severe ocular injuries characterized by intense inflammation, tissue damage, and vision impairment, with current treatments often insufficient in restoring corneal function and clarity. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of recombinant thrombomodulin domain 1 (rTMD1) in the treatment of corneal alkali burns, focusing on its impact on inflammation, tissue repair, fibrosis, and neovascularization.

Methods: A murine model of corneal alkali burn was utilized to investigate the therapeutic potential of rTMD1.

PRMT1-Mediated Arginine Methylation Promotes Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing via Epigenetic Regulation of ANXA3.

Purpose: Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is an integral constituent of numerous cellular processes. However, its role in corneal epithelial wound healing (CEWH) remains unclear. This study investigates the impact of PRMT1 on cellular mechanisms underlying corneal epithelial repair and its potential to improve wound healing outcomes.

Efficacy and Safety of Different Atropine Regimens for the Treatment of Myopia in Children: Three-Year Results of the MOSAIC Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Additional data are required regarding atropine treatment regimens for control of myopia progression.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of different atropine regimens for myopia in children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a secondary analysis of the 3-year results of the 24-Month Myopia Outcome Study of Atropine in Children (MOSAIC) trial, called the MOSAIC2 trial.

Conjunctival Bulbar Redness Extraction Pipeline for High-Resolution Ocular Surface Photography.

Purpose: To extract conjunctival bulbar redness from standardized high-resolution ocular surface photographs of a novel imaging system by implementing an image analysis pipeline.

Methods: Data from two trials (healthy; outgoing ophthalmic clinic) were collected, processed, and used to train a machine learning model for ocular surface segmentation. Various regions of interest were defined to globally and locally extract a redness biomarker based on color intensity.

Pulsed Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery Enhancement Through Human Sclera.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize whether pulsed ultrasound (PUS) affects transscleral drug delivery.

Methods: Fluorescein sodium (NaF, 376 Da) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran 40 (FD-40, 40 kDa) were used as model drugs. Human sclera grafts were placed in modified Franz diffusion cells and were treated by PUS (1 megahertz [MHz], 0.

Eye posture and screen alignment with simulated see-through head-mounted displays.

When rendering the visual scene for near-eye head-mounted displays, accurate knowledge of the geometry of the displays, scene objects, and eyes is required for the correct generation of the binocular images. Despite possible design and calibration efforts, these quantities are subject to positional and measurement errors, resulting in some misalignment of the images projected to each eye. Previous research investigated the effects in virtual reality (VR) setups that triggered such symptoms as eye strain and nausea.

Revitalizing Vision: Eye Drops and Corneal Limbal Stem Cells Survival.

In the quest to transform vision care, researchers have been investigating novel methods to boost the efficacy of eye drops and enhance the survival of corneal limbal stem cells. Aimed at rejuvenating vision, these innovations seek to tackle a range of ocular conditions and restore sight to those in need. This article examines the most recent advancements in eye drops and corneal limbal stem cells, highlighting their potential to revolutionize ophthalmology.

Emerging trends in long-acting sustained drug delivery for glaucoma management.

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve leads to irreversible visual loss. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is determined by different pathogenetic mechanisms, including increased intraocular pressure, mechanical stress, excitotoxicity, resistance to aqueous drainage and oxidative stress.

Automated quantification of anterior chamber cells using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To validate automated counts of presumed anterior chamber (AC) cells in eyes with histories of uveitis involving the anterior segment using swept-source (SS) anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) against manual counts and compare automated counts against Standardized Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) criteria.

Methods: Eyes were imaged with the ANTERION SS AS-OCT device (Heidelberg Engineering). A fully automated custom algorithm quantified the number of hyper-reflective foci (HRF) in line-scan images.

Acoustic Radiation Force Optical Coherence Elastography of the Crystalline Lens: Safety.

Purpose: To assess the safety of acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography in the crystalline lens in situ.

Methods: Acoustic radiation force (ARF) produced by an immersion single-element ultrasound transducer (nominal frequency = 3.5 MHz) was characterized using a needle hydrophone and used for optical coherence elastography (OCE) of the crystalline lens.

Decreased Choroidal Vascular Index in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Introduction: We aimed to explore the difference in choroidal vascular parameters using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) compared to controls. We also explored the ability of the choroidal parameters to reflect elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with IIH.

Methods: This observational study recruited patients diagnosed with IIH and healthy controls.

Brain MRI Detection of an Abnormal Peak Width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder.

Background And Purpose: Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) is a novel marker of white matter damage, which may be related to small vessel disease. This study aimed to investigate the presence of white matter damage in patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) using PSMD.

Methods: We enrolled patients with newly diagnosed isolated RBD confirmed by polysomnography and age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Automated Detection of Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Using Computer Vision.

Objective: Isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is, in most cases, an early stage of Parkinson's disease or related disorders. Diagnosis requires an overnight video-polysomnogram (vPSG), however, even for sleep experts, interpreting vPSG data is challenging. Using a 3D camera, automated analysis of movements has yielded high accuracy.

Applications and latest research progress of liposomes in the treatment of ocular diseases.

The special structure of eyes and the existence of various physiological barriers make ocular drug delivery one of the most difficult problems in the pharmaceutical field. Considering the problems of patient compliance, local administration remains the preferred method of drug administration in the anterior part of eyes. However, local administration suffers from poor bioavailability, need for frequent administration, and systemic toxicity.

(E)-1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-Decafluoro-3-hexene (HFO-153-10mczz-E).

(E)-1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-Decafluoro-3-hexene (HFO-153-10mczz-E) (CASRN 1256353-26-0) is a volatile liquid proposed for use as a new low global-warming potential dielectric fluid in cooling applications. Workplace exposures are expected to be by inhalation exposure. The substance has low acute inhalation toxicity as indicated by a 4-h inhalation LC value of approximately 8000 ppm.

Fractal cycles of sleep, a new aperiodic activity-based definition of sleep cycles.

Sleep cycles are defined as episodes of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep followed by an episode of REM sleep. Fractal or aperiodic neural activity is a well-established marker of arousal and sleep stages measured using electroencephalography. We introduce a new concept of 'fractal cycles' of sleep, defined as a time interval during which time series of fractal activity descend to their local minimum and ascend to the next local maximum.

the diagnostic accuracy of EyeGuide focus testing for concussion in elite male rugby players.

Introduction: Smooth pursuit eye movements may be affected by head impacts. The EyeGuide Focus system is a simple, portable, test of visual tracking. This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of EyeGuide measurements for detection of concussion during elite Rugby matches.

Transcorneal Vitrectomy in Eyes with Regressed Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: Current treatments for retinoblastoma facilitate globe salvage but can result in vitreoretinal disorders that may require surgery. There is controversy on surgical approaches in eyes with retinoblastoma. Here we describe a transcorneal vitrectomy approach that avoids the use of chemotherapy or cryotherapy.

Nitric oxide modulates contrast suppression in a subset of mouse retinal ganglion cells.

Neuromodulators have major influences on the regulation of neural circuit activity across the nervous system. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a prominent neuromodulator in many circuits and has been extensively studied in the retina. Here, it has been associated with the regulation of light adaptation, gain control, and gap junctional coupling, but its effect on the retinal output, specifically on the different types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), is still poorly understood.

Corneal Stromal Lenticule Rotation for High Astigmatism Correction.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcome of laser-assisted surgical correction of high hyperopic or mixed astigmatism using small incision intrastromal lenticule rotation (SMILERO) alone or combined with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods: This retrospective case series enrolled 25 eyes with high astigmatism that underwent SMILERO surgery. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), manifest refraction, central corneal thickness, and corneal higher order aberrations were analyzed before surgery and after 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up.

A Nomogram to Improve the Predictability of High Myopic Astigmatism in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction Surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate a new regression-derived nomogram for high myopic astigmatism in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery.

Methods: In this prospective study, data from 180 eyes with myopic astigmatism ranging from -2.50 to -4.

Pharmacological Accommodative Changes of Haptic Position and Its Impact on Vault After ICL Implantation.

Purpose: To evaluate dynamic changes in ciliary parameters and Implantable Collamer Lens V4C (ICL) (STAAR Surgical) haptic position using mydriatic and miotic agents and their effects on the central and peripheral vault.

Methods: This study involved 80 eyes from 40 consecutive patients (mean age: 28.05 years; range: 19 to 42 years) examined 3 months after ICL implantation.