SMORE: spatial motifs reveal patterns in cellular architecture of complex tissues.

Deciphering the link between tissue architecture and function requires methods to identify and interpret patterns in spatial arrangement of cells. We present SMORE, an approach to detect patterns in sequential arrangements of cells and examine their associated gene expression specializations. Applied to retina, brain, and embryonic tissue maps, SMORE identifies novel spatial motifs, including one that offers a new mechanism of action for type 1b bipolar cells.

Joint analysis of blood pressure changes over time and survival of hypertensive patients under treatment at Sawula hospital in Southern Ethiopia.

Introduction: Hypertension is among the most significant non-communicable public health issues worldwide. High blood pressure, or hypertension, has been associated with severe health consequences, including death, aneurysms, stroke, chronic renal disease, eye damage, heart attack, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and vascular dementia. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the predictors linked to survival time and the progression of blood pressure measurements in hypertensive patients.

Multifaceted approach to evacuating multi-level premacular hemorrhage in a case of suspected Valsalva retinopathy - a case report.

Background: Accurate localization of premacular hemorrhages (PMHs) is crucial as treatment strategies vary significantly based on whether the hemorrhage resides within the vitreous gel, subhyaloid space, or beneath the internal limiting membrane (ILM). This report outlines the clinical features, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes in a patient diagnosed with a PMH secondary to suspected Valsalva retinopathy.

Methods: This is a retrospective interventional case report.

Screening for retinopathy of prematurity in China: a five-year cohort study in seven screening centers.

Background: To analyze the demographic characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in China, attempting to propose optimized screening criteria and hopefully providing valuable information for future updates to the ROP guideline.

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective-cohort study was conducted. The study included infants born between January 1, 2018, and July 31, 2023, who underwent ROP screening and were diagnosed with ROP at seven screening centers in China.

The interactive use of augmented reality for educating the elderly on common age-related eye disease.

Background: The prevalence of age-related eye disorders is increasing with the aging of the global population. Community-based visual health education for the elderly has become a crucial intervention. With the advancement of technology, the application of extended reality (XR), such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), in health education has become more popular.

The effects of diazepam on sleep depend on the photoperiod.

Daylength (i.e., photoperiod) provides essential information for seasonal adaptations of organisms.

Assessment of choroidal vessels in healthy eyes using 3-dimensional vascular maps and a semi-automated deep learning approach.

To assess the choroidal vessels in healthy eyes using a novel three-dimensional (3D) deep learning approach. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, swept-source OCT 6 × 6 mm scans on Plex Elite 9000 device were obtained. Automated segmentation of the choroidal layer was achieved using a deep-learning ResUNet model along with a volumetric smoothing approach.

Edible Berries-An Update on Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits-Part II.

Purpose Of Review: Berries are a great source of fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and beneficial secondary metabolites (polyphenols). Various phytochemicals present in berries (glycosidic-linked flavonoids, anthocyanins, etc.) provide potential health benefits to consumers.

The Visual Integration of Semantic and Spatial Information of Objects in Naturalistic Scenes (VISIONS) database: attentional, conceptual, and perceptual norms.

The complex interplay between low- and high-level mechanisms governing our visual system can only be fully understood within ecologically valid naturalistic contexts. For this reason, in recent years, substantial efforts have been devoted to equipping the scientific community with datasets of realistic images normed on semantic or spatial features. Here, we introduce VISIONS, an extensive database of 1136 naturalistic scenes normed on a wide range of perceptual and conceptual norms by 185 English speakers across three levels of granularity: isolated object, whole scene, and object-in-scene.

Thyroid surgery under nerve auto-fluorescence & artificial intelligence tissue identification software guidance.

Thyroid cancer is a common malignancy that requires comprehensive clinical evaluation prior to adequate surgical management. Over the last three decades thyroid surgery has tripled and is considered one of the most commonly performed procedures in general surgery. These procedures are associated with potential postoperative complications with significant deterioration in the patient's quality of life.

Synchronization of brain activity associated with eye contact: comparison of face-to-face and online communication.

Online meetings have become increasingly prevalent, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Although they offer convenience and effectiveness in various contexts, there is a pertinent question about whether they truly replicate the richness of in-person communication. This study delves into the distinctions between online and face-to-face interactions, with a particular focus on the synchronization of brain activity.

Ionizable polymeric micelles (IPMs) for efficient siRNA delivery.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely used for nucleic acid delivery but face challenges like limited targeting and accelerated blood clearance (ABC) effect. We design three ionizable oligomers (IOs) that, with polylactide-polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG), form a potential siRNA delivery system, named Ionizable Polymeric Micelles (IPMs). The siRNA encapsulated IPMs escape from lysosomes upon cellular uptake, and silence the target gene.

Association between the onset of diabetic retinopathy and thickness changes in the retina and choroid of children with type 1 diabetes: A three-year longitudinal study.

Purpose: To explore the longitudinal changes in retinal and choroidal thickness and their relation with the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children.

Methods: Thirty-eight children with T1DM and 71 healthy controls were included in this 3-year longitudinal study. Ophthalmic and systemic examinations were conducted on each participant.

Efficacy and safety of transient receptor potential channel modulators for dry eye: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel modulators for dry eye.

Methods: A thorough search for randomized clinical trials was conducted in seven databases up to February 16, 2024. Suitable studies were identified according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data were synthesized and analyzed using Review Manager 5.

SIRT6 promotes angiogenesis by enhancing VEGFA secretion via demyristoylation in endothelial cell.

Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in ischemic cardiovascular disease, accompanied by epigenetic regulation during this process. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been implicated in the regulation of DNA repair, transcription and aging, with its deacetylase activity fully studied. However, the role of SIRT6 demyristoylase activity remains less clear, with even less attention given to its myristoylated substrates.

Slit Lamp Report Generation and Question Answering: Development and Validation of a Multimodal Transformer Model with Large Language Model Integration.

Background: Large language models have shown remarkable efficacy in various medical research and clinical applications. However, their skills in medical image recognition and subsequent report generation or question answering (QA) remain limited.

Objective: We aim to finetune a multimodal, transformer-based model for generating medical reports from slit lamp images and develop a QA system using Llama2.

Protocol for optimizing robot-assisted autism therapy sessions through gaze analysis: A pilot study investigating optimal trial count for children with comorbid autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder poses challenges in social communication and behavior, while Intellectual disabilities are characterized by deficits in cognitive, social, and adaptive skills, frequently accompanied by stereotypies and challenging behaviors. Despite the progress made in autism spectrum disorder research, there is often a lack of research focusing on individuals with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Robot-assisted autism therapies are effective in addressing these needs.

Pluripotent stem-cell-derived therapies in clinical trial: A 2025 update.

Since the first derivation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) 27 years ago, technologies to control their differentiation and manufacturing have advanced immensely, enabling increasing numbers of clinical trials with hPSC-derived products. Here, we revew the landscape of interventional hPSC trials worldwide, highlighting available data on clinical safety and efficacy. As of December 2024, we identify 116 clinical trials with regulatory approval, testing 83 hPSC products.

Success History Adaptive Competitive Swarm Optimizer with Linear Population Reduction: Performance benchmarking and application in eye disease detection.

Eye disease detection has achieved significant advancements thanks to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. However, the construction of high-accuracy predictive models still faces challenges, and one reason is the deficiency of the optimizer. This paper presents an efficient optimizer named Success History Adaptive Competitive Swarm Optimizer with Linear Population Reduction (L-SHACSO).

A pupillary image dataset: 10,000 annotated and 258,790 non-annotated images of patients with glaucoma, diabetes, and subjects influenced by alcohol, coupled with a segmentation performance evaluation.

The Pupillary Light Reflex (PLR) is the involuntary movement of the pupil adapting to lighting conditions. The measurement and qualification of this information have a broad impact in different fields. Thanks to technological advancements and algorithms, obtaining accurate and non-invasive records of pupillary movements is now possible, expanding practical applications.

Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy with Erythrosin B, Eosin Y, and Rose Bengal for the inhibition of fungal keratitis isolates: An in vitro study.

Introduction: Fungal keratitis is a leading cause of corneal blindness, with current antifungal treatments having limited efficacy. One promising treatment modality is Rose Bengal (RB) photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) that has shown mixed success against fungal keratitis. Therefore, there is a need to explore the antimicrobial efficacy of other green-light activated photosensitizers that have deep penetration in the cornea to combat the deep fungal infections, such as Erythrosin B (EB) and Eosin Y (EY).

Feline coronavirus-associated uveitis: The eye as a gateway to systemic spread and feline infectious peritonitis?

Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a virus endemic in cat populations. Specific genomic mutations give it a strong tropism for macrophages, allowing systemic infection and the development of a disease known as feline infectious peritonitis. This disease takes various clinical presentations, and can manifest as uveitis.

Anterior uveitis, pigmentary retinopathy, and pars plana exudates in Celiac disease.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral anterior uveitis, pigmentary retinopathy, and pars plana exudates in a patient with Celiac disease with complete resolution of inflammation following gluten-free diet.

Methods: Retrospective case report.

Results: A 19-year-old Asian Indian girl presented with bilateral non-granulomatous anterior uveitis for the past 2 months.