The value of signal intensity ratios of orbital tissue to white matter of orbital MRI in evaluating graves' orbitopathy.

Absract: PURPOSE: To investigate the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of orbital tissue to white matter in orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing graves' orbitopathy (GO).

Methods: This study enrolled a total of 42 patients (79 eyes) with GO as the GO group, 10 patients (20 eyes) diagnosed with graves' disease (GD) without orbitopathy during the same period as the GD group, and 23 normal individuals with negative MRI results and no thyroid or eye diseases as the healthy control (HC) group. The signal intensity of the lacrimal gland (LG), extraocular muscle (EOM), ipsilateral temporal muscle (TM), ramus mandibulae, and white matter (WM) on MRI images was measured.

Inferior rectus muscle detachment during strabismus surgery has a major effect on anterior segment perfusion, as shown by LSCI perfusion monitoring.

Background: Anterior segment ischaemia (ASI) is a rare but feared complication associated with strabismus surgery, arising from damage of the anterior ciliary arteries that run along the extraocular rectus muscles. It has been reported that the risk of ASI following strabismus surgery increases when the vertical rectus muscles are involved. The aim of the present study was to monitor anterior segment perfusion in real time during inferior rectus muscle surgery.

Effect of upper eyelid blepharoplasty with or without orbicularis oculi muscle removal on anterior segment parameters, keratometry, and ocular biometry.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of upper eyelid blepharoplasty with or without the removal of a strip of orbicularis oculi muscle on corneal topographic parameters, anterior segment parameters, intraocular pressure, and ocular biometry.

Method: This prospective study examined 428 eyes of 214 patients with dermatochalasis. Patients were divided into two groups randomly: those who underwent orbicularis oculi muscle excision (Group 1) during blepharoplasty and those who did not (Group 2).

Trigemino-abducens synkinesis: serial review over 4 years.

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders involve abberant connections between cranial nerves, often resulting in synkinetic activation of target muscles. Marcus-Gunn jaw winking ptosis and Duane retraction syndrome are some of the more well-known examples of this phenomenon. We present serial video of a child with congenital trigemino-abducens synkinesis, a lesser known congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder, to demonstrate the characteristics of this likely under-diagnosed presentation.

Acquired double depressor palsy following bilateral medial thalamus and left midbrain infarction.

We present the case of a 57-year-old man with vertical diplopia who was diagnosed with acquired left eye supranuclear double depressor palsy after ischemic stroke, with small infarcts at the bilateral medial posterior thalami, left midbrain, and left occipital lobe. Given the different innervation of the two depressors, intact vestibulo-ocular reflex, and the healthy inferior rectus muscle morphology observed intraoperatively, the lesion likely involved the supranuclear vertical gaze center or its pathway. His strabismus was treated successfully with recession and resection of vertical rectus muscles, resulting in no significant deviation in either the vertical or horizontal directions in primary gaze at 6 months' follow-up.

Relationships among eye dimensions in magnetic resonance images by sex, age, and strabismus type in Japanese patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia.

Purpose: To investigate the relationships among eye dimensions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans by sex, age, and strabismus type in Japanese patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical case series.

Methods: We included 58 eyes of 29 patients with acquired strabismus and high myopia (mean age ± standard deviation: 60.

Combined Use of Magnetization Transfer Ratio and T2-Mapping to Evaluate Extraocular Muscle Pathophysiology in Myasthenia Gravis with Ophthalmoparesis.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that most frequently affects the extraocular muscles (EOMs), which causes symptoms such as ptosis and restricted eye movement. The EOMs in MG patients are representative of autoimmune inflammatory changes in muscle tissue. Currently, there is no reliable, and sensitive imaging technique for monitoring EOM changes to assist in the evaluation of underlying pathological changes.

Variations of the rectus capitis posterior muscles: a case report.

Duplication, accessory slips, and division of the rectus capitis posterior muscles are rare anatomical variations. Here we report a case of unilateral doubling of rectus capitis posterior major, and doubling of rectus capitis posterior minor with an accessory slip originating from the spinous process of the second cervical vertebra. The gross anatomical characteristics, clinical significance, and relationship of suboccipital musculature to the cervical myodural bridge is discussed in this report.

Anterior Nasal Superior Oblique Tendon Syndrome: A Case Series.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and management of patients with an anteriorly and nasally inserted superior oblique tendon.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Methods: Institutional clinical records between 2020 and 2024 were retrospectively reviewed for 9 consecutive patients in whom the superior oblique (SO) tendon was inserted anterior to the equator and nasal to the superior rectus muscle.

A study of the relative orientation of the extraocular rectus muscles: an advanced cadaveric approach.

The anatomy of the extraocular rectus muscle insertions is clinically relevant in the field of ophthalmology. This descriptive cadaveric study determines the relative degree orientation of the superior, lateral, and inferior rectus muscles with respect to the medial rectus and investigates the distances between the rectus muscle insertions. Thirty cadavers (50% female, mean age = 81.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM), and to evaluate the phenotype-genotype correlations in these patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective study. Patients with CFEOM underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Optic Nerve Amyloid Deposition Disguised as Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma.

Localized orbital amyloidosis is a rare clinical entity. Periocular and orbital amyloid deposits are mainly located at the lacrimal apparatus, eyelid, conjunctiva, ocular adnexa, extraocular muscles, and levator palpebrae muscle. In this article, the authors report an unusual case of optic nerve amyloid deposition in an 82-year-old African American woman who presented with vertical diplopia.

Fibroblastic tumour in the medial rectus muscle presenting as a large-angle exotropia.

: The aim is to report a very rare case of a fibroblastic tumour in the medial rectus muscle of the right eye in a young adult. : A 28-year-old patient presented to the strabismus clinic with large-angle exotropia in the right eye. The patient had previously undergone strabismus surgery in both eyes, and the old photos showed increasing exotropia from childhood to adulthood.

A acute pontine infarction with one-and-a-half syndrome as the manifestation: A case report.

Rationale: Sudden ocular dyskinesia is usually associated with ophthalmic diseases and rarely with cerebrovascular diseases. This is a rare case of a patient with a sudden onset of ocular dyskinesia due to occlusion of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the spiral modiolar artery. This article describes eye movement disorders associated with cerebrovascular disease, aiming to improve our understanding of cerebrovascular diseases and improve the ability of early diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Orbital Oncocytic Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Case Series and Literature Review.

Purpose: This case series and literature review evaluated the baseline variables, clinical symptoms, pathological characteristics, and prognosis of patients with orbital oncocytic carcinoma.

Methods: This retrospective case series collected the medical histories and other related data from 13 patients pathologically diagnosed with oncocytic carcinoma.

Results: The average age of patients with orbital oncocytic carcinoma was 64.