A rare case of huge intracranial yolk sac tumor presenting as an orbital mass in an infant: case report and literature review.

Primary intracranial yolk sac tumor (YST) with orbital involvement is an exceedingly rare extragonadal germ cell tumor, with only a limited number of cases reported in the literature. Clinically, primary intracranial yolk sac tumor with orbital involvement may present with symptoms that mimic more common benign or malignant orbital disorders in children, potentially leading to diagnostic delays that can adversely impact survival. Diagnostic imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are instrumental for assessing the tumor's size, precise localization, and extent.

Case Report: A rare case of antenatally diagnosed mature adrenal teratoma in an infant: insights and literature review.

Teratomas are germ cell tumors that arise from the derivatives of the three germ cell layers. They are categorized into subtypes by the extent of maturation, with mature teratomas being the most common subtype. While they can arise in various extragonadal regions, including the retroperitoneum, their occurrence in the retroperitoneal space is extremely rare.

Comparative analysis of testicular and nontesticular choriocarcinoma: a population-based study.

Background: Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are common solid tumors in young men, originating in the testicles or outside the gonads. Choriocarcinoma, a rare and aggressive subtype, primarily affects females but can also occur in males. Treatment options depend on the stage and location of the tumor, with early recognition being crucial for better outcomes.

Salvage Treatment for Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumours: High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Outcomes-A Single-Centre Experience.

Extragonadal germ cell tumours have a more unfavourable prognosis than gonadal germ cell tumours. We aimed to evaluate the survival analysis, response rates, and factors affecting responses to high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with relapsed/refractory extragonadal germ cell tumours. This study included patients diagnosed with extragonadal germ cell tumours who underwent HDCT + ASCT between November 2016 and January 2023 at Gülhane Training and Research Hospital.

Beyond the surface: A comprehensive radiological review of primary retroperitoneal neoplasms.

Primary retroperitoneal neoplasms (PRNs) are a complex and diverse group of tumors arising in the retroperitoneal space, excluding those from retroperitoneal organs. These masses present significant diagnostic challenges due to their heterogeneous nature. PRNs primarily include sarcomas, neurogenic tumors, extragonadal germ cell tumors, and lymphomas, with the majority being malignant.

Cisplatin‑resistant germ cell tumor models: An exploration of the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition regulator .

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) constitute diverse neoplasms arising in the gonads or extragonadal locations. Testicular GCTs (TGCTs) are the predominant solid tumors in adolescents and young men. Despite cisplatin serving as the primary therapeutic intervention for TGCTs, 10‑20% of patients with advanced disease demonstrate resistance to cisplatin‑based chemotherapy, and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a potential contributor to this resistance.

Nasal immature teratoma in an elderly patient: Clinicopathological and epigenetic analogies with central nervous system counterparts, alongside genomic divergences.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are categorized as gonadal or extra-gonadal, based on the origin. Extra-gonadal GCTs predominantly manifest within the central nervous system (CNS), mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and sacrococcygeal region. These malignancies are most frequently diagnosed in the pediatric, adolescent, and young adult demographics.

A Rare Case of Retroperitoneal Immature Teratoma in a Young Adult Male: A Case Report From Eastern Morocco.

Teratomas are classified as germ-cell tumors. They occur more frequently in the gonads, but extragonadal localization can also occur. Retroperitoneal teratomas are rare and require multidisciplinary management.

Management and Outcomes of Children with Malignant Germ Cell Tumor.

Objectives: To assess the clinico-pathological features, management and outcomes, amongst extracranial malignant germ cell tumors (MGCTs) in children treated primarily at a tertiary care center in a resource-challenged nation.

Methods: The prospectively maintained data for children below 14 y of age treated for extracranial MGCT from May 1994 to January 2023 was analyzed for patient characteristics, management, event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) and factors effecting survival. Events was defined as death, recurrence and progression.

A case report of recurrent testicular germ cell tumor in a patient with a history of primary pulmonary germ cell tumor and a review of the literature.

Background: Compared to testicular germ cell tumors, the incidence of extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) is relatively low. While the lungs are a common site for metastasis of malignant germ cell tumors, primary pulmonary germ cell tumors are extremely rare.

Objective: To enhance the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of germ cell tumors, particularly extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs).

Current surgical approach: Extracranial malignant germ cell tumors.

Germ cell tumors (GCT) are a complex, heterogeneous collection of tumors that may present in either gonadal or extragonadal sites. They consist of a variety of benign and malignant histologies that can occur at several locations throughout the body. An important component of treatment is surgical resection, and while the key components of resection are site specific, the universal goals of GCT resection include the complete resection of tumor without violating the tumor capsule, while preserving function of surrounding organs, minimizing morbidity, and assessing for regional spread.

SEOM-GG clinical guidelines for the management of germ-cell testicular cancer (2023).

Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common tumors in adolescent and young men. They are curable malignancies that should be treated with curative intent, minimizing acute and long-term side effects. Inguinal orchiectomy is the main diagnostic procedure, and is also curative for most localized tumors, while patients with unfavorable risk factors for recurrence, or those who are unable or unwilling to undergo close follow-up, may require adjuvant treatment.

Primary Dysgerminoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Rare Case Report.

Introduction: Primary extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) are a very rare clinical encounter most commonly reported in males. Among females, the placenta, pelvis, uterus, brain, and mediastinum are the most common extragonadal sites and predominantly display nondysgerminoma histology. In this report, we present a case of a primary cervical dysgerminoma in a young female patient.

Diagnosis and management of a sacrococcygeal teratoma at a tertiary hospital in northern Tanzania: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Sacrococcygeal teratoma is a rare extragonadal germ cell tumor occurring at the lower end of the back. It is congenital, and can be diagnosed in utero or just after birth. These tumors are sporadic in nature, more common in females than in males.

Primary Mediastinal Dysgerminoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Germ cell tumors are malignant tumors that mostly develop in the gonads. Extragonadal localization is rare and may affect the mediastinal and sacrococcygeal regions. Mediastinal seminoma is a malignant germ cell tumor of the mediastinum.

Complex treatment of residual metastatic germ cell cancer: A single center experience.

Background: Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy among men aged 15-35. Radical orchiectomy and platinum-based chemotherapy (BEP) are curative in the majority of patients, including advanced, metastatic cases. According to current urooncology guidelines all non-seminoma patients harbouring post-chemotherapy residual masses of ≥ 1 cm should undergo salvage retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND).

Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor with Hepatic Infiltration in a Child: Aberrant Somatostatin Receptors and the Diagnostic Conundrum.

Extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) are challenging to diagnose. We present a case of suprarenal GCT, with hepatic infiltration where differential diagnosis included neuroblastoma and hepatoblastoma. The positive positron emission tomography scan further obfuscated the situation.

Mature solid teratoma of the uterine cervix: A rare case report and review of the literature.

Rationale: Most of the mature teratomas are found in the ovaries. Extragonadal teratomas are extremely rare. To date, there are only a handful of reports of uterine cervical teratomas documented in the English literature.

Germ Cell Tumor Presenting as a Mesenteric Cyst: a Case Report and Literature Review.

Mesenteric cysts, typically benign and asymptomatic, are incidental findings during abdominal investigations for nonspecific symptoms. Their origin is commonly in the mesentery of the small bowel, mesocolon, or retroperitoneum. This paper reports a rare case of a 22-year-old male with a mesenteric cyst presenting as a right lower abdominal mass.