Implementing community-engaged pharmacogenomics in Indigenous communities.

Innovative pharmacogenomic approaches (genetic variation related to medication response) are needed to reduce disease and disparities in Indigenous communities. We support community-based pharmacogenomics research, inclusive of Indigenous values and priorities, to improve the health and well-being of Indigenous peoples.

Melatonin: From Pharmacokinetics to Clinical Use in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The role of melatonin has been extensively investigated in pathophysiological conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reduced melatonin secretion has been reported in ASD and led to many clinical trials using immediate-release and prolonged-release oral formulations of melatonin. However, melatonin's effects in ASD and the choice of formulation type require further study.

Catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype differentially contributes to the flexibility and stability of cognitive sets in patients with psychotic disorders and their first-degree relatives.

Dopaminergic activity in prefrontal cortex is modulated by the low (Met) and high (Val) activity of the rs4680 Val158Met single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene. While this has been related to working memory maintenance in patients with schizophrenia, the familial pattern, impact across the psychosis spectrum, and the role of this genotype on other aspects of behavior, such as cognitive flexibility, remains unclear. The relationship between COMT Val158Met genotype and both cognitive stability and flexibility were assessed using the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET) in healthy controls (n = 241), patients with psychotic disorders (n = 542), and their first-degree relatives (n = 613) from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) consortium.

Hmong participants' reactions to return of individual and community pharmacogenetic research results: "A positive light for our community".

Pharmacogenetic research has historically lacked racial and ethnic diversity, limiting the application of findings to minority populations. Recent studies, including the Hmong, have gauged communities' interest in participating in genomic research and receiving their individual results. This study was conducted to create a culturally and linguistically appropriate format to return pharmacogenomic results and identify Minnesota Hmong research participants' reactions to their personal and collective results.

Severity of Topiramate-Related Working Memory Impairment Is Modulated by Plasma Concentration and Working Memory Capacity.

Drug side effects that impair cognition can lead to diminished quality of life and discontinuation of therapy. Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug that elicits cognitive deficits more frequently than other antiepileptic drugs, impairing multiple cognitive domains including language, attention, and memory. Although up to 40% of individuals taking topiramate may experience cognitive deficits, we are currently unable to predict which individuals will be most severely affected before administration.

Common Genetic Variation in CYP17A1 and Response to Abiraterone Acetate in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Treatment with abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AA/P) prolongs survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. We evaluated the genetic variation in CYP17A1 as predictive of response to AA/P. A prospective collection of germline DNA prior to AA/P initiation and follow-up of a mCRPC cohort was performed.

The SCARB1 gene is associated with lipid response to dietary and pharmacological interventions.

The scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) gene is a key component in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway and thus plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Studies suggest that the SCARB1 gene may contribute to variation in plasma lipid levels at fasting; however, the results have been inconsistent, and it is unclear whether SCARB1 may also influence lipid response to dietary and pharmacologic interventions. In this study, we examined genetic variation in the SCARB1 gene in participants of the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study for associations with basal lipid levels, changes in lipid measures after dietary fat intake, and fenofibrate treatment.

[Pharmacological activity of mexidol in the stress-induced liver damage].

Pretreatment with mexidol (100 mg/kg) offered protection under the conditions of acute (3 h) liver damage in rats under the conditions of immobilization stress. The drug inhibited lipid peroxidation, enhanced intrinsic antioxidant protection function, and normalized the activity of enzymes-markers of hepatocyte damage. In addition, the treatment with mexidol normalized the level of bilirubin in the blood serum and stimulated the detoxicating function of liver in the bromsulphalein test.