Daily Inhaled Corticosteroids Treatment Abolishes Airway Hyperresponsiveness to Mannitol in Defence and Police Recruits.

Background: Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a key pathophysiological feature of asthma and causes exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Indirect bronchial provocation tests (BPTs) (e.g.

Can the response to a single dose of beclomethasone dipropionate predict the outcome of long-term treatment in childhood exercise-induced bronchoconstriction?

Background: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a frequent and highly specific symptom of childhood asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of controller therapy for EIB and asthma; however, a proportion of asthmatic children and adolescents is less responsive to ICS. We hypothesized that a single dose response to ICS could function as a predictor for individual long-term efficacy of ICS.

Constant-Load Exercise Versus High-Intensity Interval Training on Aerobic Fitness in Moderate-to-Severe Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on dyspnea and aerobic fitness in adults with asthma are poorly understood.

Objective: To compare constant-load exercise (CLE) versus HIIT for improvements in dyspnea symptoms and clinical control in adults with moderate-to-severe asthma.

Methods: Participants were randomized into 2 groups: CLE (n = 27; started with 70% of maximal watts [Wmax] obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing [CPET]) and HIIT (n = 28; started with 80% and increased until 140% Wmax).

International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on acute respiratory illness in athletes part 2: non-infective acute respiratory illness.

Acute respiratory illness (ARill) is common and threatens the health of athletes. ARill in athletes forms a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to non-infective ARill in athletes.

Cut-off value for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction based on the features of the airway obstruction.

The current cut-off value for diagnosing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in adults-percent fall in FEV1 (ΔFEV1) ≥ 10% after exercise challenge test (ECT)-has low specificity and weak evidences. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the cut-off value for EIB that provides the highest diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Participants who underwent the ECT between 2007 and 2018 were categorized according to ΔFEV1: definite EIB (ΔFEV1 ≥ 15%), borderline (10% ≤ ΔFEV1 < 15%), and normal (ΔFEV1 < 10%).

Results From a National Survey of Asthma Provider Beliefs and Practices Regarding Exercise and Asthma: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Committee on Sports, Exercise, and Fitness.

Background: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines recommend regular physical activity (PA) for patients with asthma. Health care provider (HCP) counseling represents an effective approach to optimizing patient PA. However, current exercise rates among asthma patients are suboptimal, which suggests that counseling may be improved.

Anaphylaxis in Chinese Children with Pollen Sensitization: Triggers, Clinical Presentation, and Acute Management.

Purpose: Pollen sensitization is increasing in children. However, there is little evidence regarding the characteristics of anaphylaxis in individuals with pollen sensitization.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with anaphylaxis combined with pollen sensitization who attended an allergy department in a tertiary children's hospital from 2014 to 2021.

Experiences of exercise in patients with asthma: a qualitative analysis of discussions in a UK asthma online community.

Background: Engagement with exercise in adults with asthma is suboptimal. Limited information is available regarding factors affecting engagement with exercise.

Aim: To explore experiences of exercise and linked unmet needs in adults with asthma.

Risk factors for severe reactions in food allergy: Rapid evidence review with meta-analysis.

This rapid review summarizes the most up to date evidence about the risk factors for severe food-induced allergic reactions. We searched three bibliographic databases for studies published between January 2010 and August 2021. We included 88 studies and synthesized the evidence narratively, undertaking meta-analysis where appropriate.

Association of rhinitis with asthma prevalence and severity.

Asthma and rhinitis often co-exist in the same patient. Although some authors observed a higher prevalence and/or greater severity of asthma in patients with rhinitis, this view is not homogeneous and the debate continues. The aim of our study is to describe the prevalence of rhinitis in children and adolescents and to analyse their relationship with the prevalence of asthma.

Cleaning Products Commonly Used in Oklahoma Family Child Care Homes: Implications for Respiratory Risk and Children's Health.

Little is known about the cleaning products used by early care and education programs that contribute to childhood asthma, particularly in Oklahoma where rates of uncontrolled asthma are higher than national rates (60.0% vs. 50.

A breathing mask attenuates acute airway responses to exercise in sub-zero environment in healthy subjects.

Purpose: Cold air exposure is associated with increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. Repeated inhalation of cold and dry air is considered the cause of the high prevalence of asthma among winter endurance athletes. This study assessed whether a heat- and moisture-exchanging breathing device (HME) attenuates airway responses to high-intensity exercise in sub-zero temperatures among healthy subjects.

The impact of identifying laryngeal obstruction syndromes on reducing treatment of pediatric asthma: A systematic review.

Inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO) in children is underrecognized. This systematic review characterizes the scientific evidence on the impact of pediatric ILO diagnosis and treatment on asthma medication use. This review, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020209168), utilized database searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science from inception to October 2020.

COVID-19 symptoms are reduced by targeted hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea.

Dehydration of the upper airways increases risks of respiratory diseases from COVID-19 to asthma and COPD. We find in human volunteer studies involving 464 human subjects in Germany, the US, and India that respiratory droplet generation increases by up to 4 orders of magnitude in dehydration-associated states of advanced age (n = 357), elevated BMI-age (n = 148), strenuous exercise (n = 20) and SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 87), and falls with hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea by calcium-rich hypertonic salts. We also find in a protocol of exercise-induced airway dehydration that hydration of the airways by calcium-rich salts increases oxygenation relative to a non-treatment control (P < 0.

Overuse of Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs) in Elite Athletes: Hypotheses to Explain It.

The use of short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABAs) is more common in elite athletes than in the general population, especially in endurance sports. The World Anti-Doping Code places some restrictions on prescribing inhaled β2-agonists. These drugs are used in respiratory diseases (such as asthma) that might reduce athletes' performances.

An Algorithm for Strategic Continuation or Restriction of Asthma Medication Prior to Exercise Challenge Testing in Childhood Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction.

Exercise induced bronchial (EIB) constriction is a common and highly specific feature of pediatric asthma and should be diagnosed with an exercise challenge test (ECT). The impact of EIB in asthmatic children's daily lives is immense, considering the effects on both physical and psychosocial development. Monitoring childhood asthma by ECT's can provide insight into daily life disease burden and the control of asthma.

Is airway damage during physical exercise related to airway dehydration? Inputs from a computational model.

In healthy subjects, at low minute ventilation (V̇e) during physical exercise, the water content and temperature of the airways are well regulated. However, with the increase in V̇e, the bronchial mucosa becomes dehydrated and epithelial damage occurs. Our goal was to demonstrate the correspondence between the ventilatory threshold inducing epithelial damage, measured experimentally, and the dehydration threshold, estimated numerically.

Ventilation Rates Achieved in Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperpnea Challenge and Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction Diagnosis in Young Patients with Asthma.

Purpose: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) affects approximately 50% of young asthma patients, impairing their participation in sports and physical activities. Eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) is an approved surrogate challenge to exercise for objective EIB diagnosis, but the required minimum target hyperventilation rates remain unexplored in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the achieved ventilation rates (VRs) during a challenge and EIB-compatible response (EIB-cr) in young asthma patients.

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC Consensus on 'acute respiratory illness in the athlete'.

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is caused by paradoxical inspiratory adduction of laryngeal structures during exercise. EILO is an important cause of upper airway dysfunction in young individuals and athletes, can impair exercise performance and mimic lower airway dysfunction, such as asthma and/or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Over the past two decades, there has been considerable progress in the recognition and assessment of EILO in sports medicine.

Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm in Elite Athletes.

Exercise is one of the most common triggers of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB), with less trained athletes showing more symptoms. Exercise-induced bronchospasm is a common and frequent problem among elite athletes with obvious implications on competing performance, health, and quality of life. Classical pathways in the development of EIB in this population include the osmotic and the thermal theory as well as the presence of epithelial injury and inflammation in the airway.

Impact of Inhaled Corticosteroids on the Modulation of Respiratory Defensive Reflexes During Artificial Limb Exercise in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Rabbits.

Introduction: Cough is a major lower airway defense mechanism that can be triggered by exercise in asthma patients. Studies on cough reflex in experimental animal models revealed a decrease of cough reflex sensitivity during exercise in healthy animals, but a lack of desensitization in ovalbumin-sensitized rabbits. The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of inhaled corticosteroids on cough reflex during artificial limb exercise in an animal model of eosinophilic airway inflammation.