The impact of mental toughness and postural abnormalities on dysfunctional breathing in athletes.

While asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) can explain some cases of exertional dyspnea, the differential diagnosis of dyspnea is extensive. Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a condition that is often overlooked and underdiagnosed. Pharmacologic treatments are available and widely utilized by clinicians for exertional dyspnea, but a better understanding of the non-pharmacologic treatments as well as psychological factors that play a role in DB can provide professional, elite amateurs, and recreational athletes with more therapeutic options.

Ventilatory responses to constant load exercise following the inhalation of a short-acting ß-agonist in a laboratory-controlled diesel exhaust exposure study in individuals with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

Objective: Individuals with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) use ß-agonists to reduce respiratory symptoms during acute exercise. The resultingbronchodilation could increase the dose of inhaled pollutants and impair respiratory function when exercise is performedin air pollution. We aimed to assess respiratory responses in individuals with EIB when completing a cycling bout while being exposed to diesel exhaust (DE) or filtered air (FA) with and without the inhalation of salbutamol (SAL), a short-acting ß-agonist.

The Road to the Beijing Winter Olympics and Beyond: Opinions and Perspectives on Physiology and Innovation in Winter Sport.

Beijing will host the 2022 Winter Olympics, and China strengthens research on various aspects to allow their athletes to compete successfully in winter sport. Simultaneously, Government-directed initiatives aim to increase public participation in recreational winter sport. These parallel developments allow research to advance knowledge and understanding of the physiological determinants of performance and health related to winter sport.

Exercise in Sub-zero Temperatures and Airway Health: Implications for Athletes With Special Focus on Heat-and-Moisture-Exchanging Breathing Devices.

Asthma is highly prevalent among winter endurance athletes. This "occupational disease" of cross-country skiers, among others, was acknowledged during the 1990s, with the pathogenesis attributed to repeated and prolonged exposure to cold, dry air combined with high rates of ventilation during exercise. Nevertheless, more than 25 years later, the prevalence of asthma among Scandinavian cross-country skiers is unchanged, and prevention remains a primary concern for sports physicians.

Low-dose chlorine exposure impairs lung function, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice.

Aim: To explore the different consequences of acute and chronic exposure to chlorine gas (Cl) on the functional and histological parameters of health mice.

Main Methods: Firstly, male BALB/c mice were acute exposed to 3.3 or 33.

High Prevalence of Exercise-induced Laryngeal Obstruction in a Cohort of Elite Cross-country Skiers.

Introduction: Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is a differential diagnosis for asthma and prevalent in athletes referred for exercise-induced dyspnea. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of EILO in elite cross-country skiers, known for a high prevalence of asthma.

Method: Elite cross-country skiers were invited for screening of EILO.

Reduced Asthma Medication Use after Treatment of Pediatric Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder.

Objectives/hypotheses: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder (PVFMD) leads to decreased asthma medication use. Our secondary objective was to determine dyspnea outcomes following diagnosis and treatment for PVFMD.

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

The interest of rehabilitation of respiratory disorders in athletes: Myth or reality?

Background: Healthy trained athletes generally have an "overbuilt" respiratory system in order to face the huge ventilation and gas-exchange demand imposed by strenuous exercise. Athletes frequently complain of respiratory symptoms regardless of whether they have a diagnosed respiratory disease, therefore evoking a kind of respiratory limitation during exercise. Some respiratory pathologies athletes present are closely linked to exercise and include asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) or exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction.

The course of specific self-reported exercise-induced airway symptoms in adolescents with and without asthma.

https://bit.ly/3hR57OX.

Reduced Exercise Tolerance Does Not Always Mean Bronchial Asthma.

Reduced exercise tolerance in a patient in whom any heart diseases were preliminarily excluded suggests other frequent causes of effort-related symptoms, that is, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, lack of training, or overweight. The presented case underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic workup in children with exercise-related symptoms.

Inherited DNA Repair Defects Disrupt the Structure and Function of Human Skin.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a global public health burden originating in epidermal stem and progenitor cells (ESPCs) of the skin and mucosa. To understand how genetic risk factors contribute to SCC, studies of ESPC biology are imperative. Children with Fanconi anemia (FA) are a paradigm for extreme SCC susceptibility caused by germline loss-of-function mutations in FA DNA repair pathway genes.

Effect of age on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children and adolescents with asthma.

Objective: The relationship between exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exertional dyspnea in children and adolescents is yet to be fully established. This study examined whether indicators of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) percent predicted at baseline, and dyspnea are useful for predicting children and adolescents with EIB.

Methods: We enrolled 184 children and adolescents diagnosed with asthma (mean age 11.

This Child's Asthma Appears to Be Severe: But Where Actually Is the Severe Problem?

The aim of this manuscript is to outline an approach to severe asthma, which is among the most challenging problems faced by paediatric pulmonologists. A logical, protocolised approach is essential. The first step is to rule out alternative diagnoses.

Airway closing index in school-age children during exercise bronchoprovocation.

Objective: Airway Closing Index (ACI), the ratio of % change in FVC to % change in FEV with bronchoprovocation, may represent changes in airflow due to airway closure, as opposed to airway narrowing. The objective of this study was to evaluate ACI during exercise bronchoprovocation (EB) in children.

Methods: Children, 6 to 18 years of age, who underwent EB using a stationary bicycle ergometer over a 6-year period were reviewed.

Gestational and Postpartum Weight Trajectories Among Women With and Without Asthma.

Asthma leads to increased weight gain in nonpregnant populations, but studies have not examined this association within the context of pregnancy. The association between asthma and perinatal weight trajectories was examined in the Breathe-Wellbeing, Environment, Lifestyle, and Lung Function Study (2015-2019). Multilevel linear spline models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, income, marital status, education, cigarette smoking, parity, study site, and prepregnancy body mass index were used to examine differences in perinatal weight trajectories between women with (n = 299) and without (n = 101) asthma.

Salivary IL-8 and IL-1RA changes induced by exercise in cold-dry and normal conditions.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exercise in cold-dry (CC, -20 °C, RH 40%) and normal conditions (NC, 20 °C, RH 60%) on salivary levels of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines (IL-1RA, IL-8, and IL-5) and the airway response (FEV and FVC) in young healthy males. Participants (n = 11, age: 23.6 ± 3.

[Long-term outcomes of necrotizing pneumonia].

Introduction: Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is a serious complication of community-acquired pneumonia characterised by the destruction of normal lung parenchyma. No study has evaluated the repercussions of the lung damage in the years following the episode. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term impact on lung function and respiratory symptoms in children hospitalised due to NP.

Diagnosis in children with exercise-induced respiratory symptoms: A multi-center study.

Objective: Exercise-induced respiratory symptoms (EIS) are common in childhood and reflect different diseases that can be difficult to diagnose. In children referred to respiratory outpatient clinics for EIS, we compared the diagnosis proposed by the primary care physician with the final diagnosis from the outpatient clinic and described diagnostic tests and treatments.

Design: An observational study of respiratory outpatients aged 0-16 years nested in the Swiss Paediatric Airway Cohort (SPAC).

Clinical Characteristics and Proposed Wheat-Cofactor Challenge Protocol with a High Diagnostic Yield in Adult-Onset IgE-Mediated Wheat Allergy.

Background: IgE-mediated wheat allergy in adults can be childhood or adulthood onset. Adult-onset wheat allergy has been reported, but data on clinical characteristics and practical food challenge protocols are scarce.

Objective: We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of adult-onset wheat allergy, laboratory results, and outcomes of a modified 3-day challenge protocol using a combination of aspirin, wheat, and exercise.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in airways and quadriceps muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction have been reported in airway and quadriceps muscle cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We determined the concomitance of mitochondrial dysfunction in these cells in COPD.

Methods: Bronchial biopsies were obtained from never- and ex-smoker volunteers and COPD patients (GOLD Grade 2) and quadriceps muscle biopsies from the same volunteers in addition to COPD patients at GOLD Grade 3/4 for measurement of mitochondrial function.

Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common complication of athletes and individuals who exercise regularly. It is estimated that about 90% of patients with underlying asthma (a sexually dimorphic disease) experience EIB; however, sex differences in EIB have not been studied extensively. With the goal of better understanding the prevalence of EIB in males and females, and because atopy has been reported to occur at higher rates in athletes, in this study, we investigated sex differences in EIB and atopy in athletes.

Determinants of exercise capacity in children and adolescents with severe therapy-resistant asthma.

Objective: To evaluate the exercise capacity of children and adolescents with severe therapy resistant asthma (STRA) aiming to identify its main determinants.

Methods: Cross-sectional study including individuals aged 6-18 years with a diagnosis of STRA. Clinical (age and gender), anthropometric (weight, height and body mass index) and disease control data were collected.