Motor synergy and energy efficiency emerge in whole-body locomotion learning.

Humans exploit motor synergies for motor control; however, how they emerge during motor learning is not clearly understood. Few studies have dealt with the computational mechanism for generating synergies. Previously, optimal control generated synergistic motion for the upper limb; however, it has not yet been applied to the high-dimensional whole-body system.

Circadian biology of cardiac aging.

The age of the U.S. population is increasing alongside a growing burden of age-related cardiovascular disease.

Impact of offensive-reward rules on young basketball players' performance during small-sided games.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of different offensive-reward-related rules on the physical performance, perceived exertion and enjoyment of young basketball players during small-sided games (SSG). Eighteen youth male players (age: 13.3±0.

Endonuclease G promotes hepatic mitochondrial respiration by selectively increasing mitochondrial tRNA production.

Mitochondrial endonuclease G (EndoG) contributes to chromosomal degradation when it is released from mitochondria during apoptosis. It is presumed to also have a mitochondrial function because EndoG deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which EndoG regulates mitochondrial function is not known.

Speed-dependent changes in the arm swing during independent walking in individuals after stroke.

Background: Increasing one's walking speed is an important goal in post-stroke gait rehabilitation. Insufficient arm swing in people post-stroke might limit their ability to propel the body forward and increase walking speed.

Purpose: To investigate the speed-dependent changes (and their contributing factors) in the arm swing of persons post-stroke.

Clinical outcomes and anti-inflammatory mechanisms predict maximum heart rate improvement after physical activity training in individuals with psychiatric disorders and comorbid obesity.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive validity and discriminatory ability of clinical outcomes, inflammatory activity, oxidative and vascular damage, and metabolic mechanisms for detecting significant improve maximum heart rate after physical activity training in individuals with psychiatric disorders and obesity comorbid using a longitudinal design and transdiagnostic perspective.

Methods: Patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and, schizophrenia and with comorbid obesity (n = 29) were assigned to a 12-week structured physical exercise program. Peripheral blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular mechanisms, and metabolic activity, as well as neurocognitive and functional performance were assessed twice, before and after intervention.

Social media-based Health Education plus Exercise Program (SHEEP) to improve muscle function among young-old adults with possible sarcopenia in the community: A feasibility study protocol.

Background: Despite the comparatively high prevalence of possible sarcopenia among young-old adults in the community, there is currently no available and effective social media-based intervention to increase the awareness and change the behavior of the target population to prevent sarcopenia. Using co-design methodology, we developed a multicomponent intervention strategy of health education and exercise for sarcopenia prevention utilizing the TikTok platform.

Objectives: The primary purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility and acceptability of the social media-based intervention to enhance muscle function in community-dwelling young-old adults with possible sarcopenia.

Differential Expression of GABA Receptor-Related Genes in Alzheimer's Disease and the Positive Regulatory Role of Aerobic Exercise-From Genetic Screening to D-gal-induced AD-like Pathology Model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. The neuropathology of AD appears in the hippocampus. The purpose of this work was to reveal key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hippocampus of AD patients and healthy individuals.

Bone Health and Physical Activity - The Complex Mechanism.

This review summarizes the mechanism and role of physical activity in maintaining the proper functioning of the musculoskeletal system. Bone adaptation to the mechanical environment occurs in skeletal regions subjected to the greatest stresses resulting from the nature of exercise, however, there is a varied response of bone tissue to mechanical loads depending on its material and structural properties (trabecular and cortical). The regulation of bone tissue metabolism during physical exercise is influenced by factors associated with mechanical stress (gravitational forces, impact loading, and muscular contractions) as well as by systemic mechanisms (hormones, myokines, cytokines).

Integrated Analysis of Methylome and Transcriptome Responses to Exercise Training in Children with Overweight/Obesity.

We examined the effects of a 20-week exercise intervention on whole-blood genome-wide DNA methylation signature and its association with the exercise-induced changes in gene expression profiles in boys and girls with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Twenty-three children (10.05 ± 1.

Efficacy of a hands-free vascular ultrasound probe holder in active and inactive limbs during cycling exercise.

Measurement of blood flow during exercise is crucial for understanding physiological responses and performance outcomes. However, traditional methods are often invasive, costly, or require substantial training, limiting widespread research in this area. This study introduces the innovative use of limb-affixed ultrasound probe holders for vascular imaging during exercise to overcome these challenges.

The synergism of occlusal splints along with therapeutic exercise on individuals with temporomandibular joint disorders - A pilot study.

Aim: Aberrative occlusal contacts were associated with Temporomandibular disorder (TMD), but whether stabilization splints with therapeutic exercises alleviate the symptoms is unclear. Hence, this study aims to compare the short-term efficacy of occlusal splint therapy and the synergistic effect of therapeutic exercise with occlusal splint therapy for 3 weeks in individuals with TMD.

Settings And Design: in-vivo observational pilot study.

Characteristics of subacute stroke patients who achieve earlier independence in real-life walking performance during hospitalization.

Objective: To identify factors associated with earlier independence in "real-life walking" during hospitalization in subacute stroke patients.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects/patients: Two hundred and six hemiplegic patients.

Beta-band oscillations and spike-local field potential synchronization in the motor cortex are correlated with movement deficits in an exercise-induced fatigue mouse model.

Fatigue, a complex and multifaceted symptom, profoundly influences quality of life, particularly among individuals suffering from chronic medical conditions or neurological disorders. This symptom not only exacerbates existing conditions but also hinders daily functioning, thereby perpetuating a vicious cycle of worsening symptoms and reduced physical activity. Given the pivotal role of the motor cortex (M1) in coordinating and executing voluntary movements, understanding how the cortex regulates fatigue is crucial.

Study on the effect of full body isometric resistance training on cardiovascular pressure response.

Background And Aims: Exploring the effect of different isometric resistance training (IRT) on improving blood pressure, so as to provide important reference for the design of aerobic exercise prescription for IRT to improve blood pressure.

Methods: Forty eight overweight or obese college students with irregular exercise habits were randomly divided into four groups and underwent exercise intervention three times a week for a total of 6 weeks. Cardiovascular changes were evaluated before the first and 18th exercise sessions, as well as 0, 30, and 60 min after exercise.

Modulation of hormonal, metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome following combined (resistant and endurance) training: a randomized controlled trail.

Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent disorder among women. Exercise training has been known as an effective treatment for this disorder; however, there is small amount of evidence examining the optimal exercise programs. We evaluated the function of combined (COM) training on metabolic, hormonal parameters, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in PCOS patients.

Lifestyle factors and determination of optimal cut-off values for forward head posture in young adults with neck pain: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Neck pain is a common condition across various populations, with a substantial impact on daily life and quality of life. Forward head posture is frequently observed in individuals with neck pain and is closely associated with lifestyle factors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between lifestyle factors and forward head posture in young adults with neck pain and determine the optimal cutoff value for assessing the risk of forward head posture.

Effects of physical activity on sleep quality among university students: chain mediation between rumination and depression levels.

Background: Colleges and universities are currently facing the major public health issue of poor sleep quality. Sleep quality must be taken seriously to maintain the students' emotional and physical well-being. Thus, this study sought to determine how university students' levels of physical activity related to the quality of their sleep, as well as to explore the mechanisms via which physical activity affects sleep and provide suggestions for improving it.

A Lactobacillus consortium provides insights into the sleep-exercise-microbiome nexus in proof of concept studies of elite athletes and in the general population.

Background: The complex relationship among sleep, exercise, and the gut microbiome presents a unique opportunity to improve health and wellness. Here, we conducted the first large-scale investigation into the influence of a novel elite athlete-derived probiotic, consisting of a multi-strain Lactobacillus consortium, on sleep quality, exercise recovery, and gut microbiome composition in both elite athletes (n = 11) and the general population (n = 257).

Results: Our two-phase study design, which included an open-label study followed by a controlled longitudinal study in a professional soccer team, allowed us to identify key interactions between probiotics, the gut microbiome, and the host.

Effects of seven days' fasting on physical performance and metabolic adaptation during exercise in humans.

Humans have, throughout history, faced periods of starvation necessitating increased physical effort to gather food. To explore adaptations in muscle function, 13 participants (7 males and 6 females) fasted for seven days. They lost 4.

Adipose tissue eQTL meta-analysis highlights the contribution of allelic heterogeneity to gene expression regulation and cardiometabolic traits.

Complete characterization of the genetic effects on gene expression is needed to elucidate tissue biology and the etiology of complex traits. In the present study, we analyzed 2,344 subcutaneous adipose tissue samples and identified 34,774 conditionally distinct expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) signals at 18,476 genes. Over half of eQTL genes exhibited at least two eQTL signals.