Modulation of hormonal, metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome following combined (resistant and endurance) training: a randomized controlled trail.

Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent disorder among women. Exercise training has been known as an effective treatment for this disorder; however, there is small amount of evidence examining the optimal exercise programs. We evaluated the function of combined (COM) training on metabolic, hormonal parameters, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in PCOS patients.

Lifestyle factors and determination of optimal cut-off values for forward head posture in young adults with neck pain: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Neck pain is a common condition across various populations, with a substantial impact on daily life and quality of life. Forward head posture is frequently observed in individuals with neck pain and is closely associated with lifestyle factors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between lifestyle factors and forward head posture in young adults with neck pain and determine the optimal cutoff value for assessing the risk of forward head posture.

Effects of physical activity on sleep quality among university students: chain mediation between rumination and depression levels.

Background: Colleges and universities are currently facing the major public health issue of poor sleep quality. Sleep quality must be taken seriously to maintain the students' emotional and physical well-being. Thus, this study sought to determine how university students' levels of physical activity related to the quality of their sleep, as well as to explore the mechanisms via which physical activity affects sleep and provide suggestions for improving it.

A Lactobacillus consortium provides insights into the sleep-exercise-microbiome nexus in proof of concept studies of elite athletes and in the general population.

Background: The complex relationship among sleep, exercise, and the gut microbiome presents a unique opportunity to improve health and wellness. Here, we conducted the first large-scale investigation into the influence of a novel elite athlete-derived probiotic, consisting of a multi-strain Lactobacillus consortium, on sleep quality, exercise recovery, and gut microbiome composition in both elite athletes (n = 11) and the general population (n = 257).

Results: Our two-phase study design, which included an open-label study followed by a controlled longitudinal study in a professional soccer team, allowed us to identify key interactions between probiotics, the gut microbiome, and the host.

Effects of seven days' fasting on physical performance and metabolic adaptation during exercise in humans.

Humans have, throughout history, faced periods of starvation necessitating increased physical effort to gather food. To explore adaptations in muscle function, 13 participants (7 males and 6 females) fasted for seven days. They lost 4.

Adipose tissue eQTL meta-analysis highlights the contribution of allelic heterogeneity to gene expression regulation and cardiometabolic traits.

Complete characterization of the genetic effects on gene expression is needed to elucidate tissue biology and the etiology of complex traits. In the present study, we analyzed 2,344 subcutaneous adipose tissue samples and identified 34,774 conditionally distinct expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) signals at 18,476 genes. Over half of eQTL genes exhibited at least two eQTL signals.

Two-hit mouse model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction combining diet-induced obesity and renin-mediated hypertension.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly common but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The ability to assess genetic and pharmacologic interventions is hampered by the lack of robust preclinical mouse models of HFpEF. We developed a novel "two-hit" model, which combines obesity and insulin resistance with chronic pressure overload to recapitulate clinical features of HFpEF.

Incremental shuttle walking test for calf muscle oxygenation assessment in peripheral arterial disease: a cross-sectional study.

People with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication (IC) experience impaired walking due to an imbalance between muscle oxygen supply and demand during exercise. Studies with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during treadmill tests reveal notable tissue deoxygenation with slow recovery. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare behavior of calf muscle oxygenation during the incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) with a continuous treadmill test (3.

Adaptive hip exoskeleton control using heart rate feedback reduces oxygen cost during ecological locomotion.

Despite their potential, exoskeletons have not reached widespread adoption in daily life, partly due to the challenge of seamlessly adapting assistance across various tasks and environments. Task-specific designs, reliance on complex sensing and extensive data-driven training often limit the practicality of the existing control strategies. To address this challenge, we introduce an adaptive control strategy for hip exoskeletons, emphasizing minimal sensing and ease of implementation.

Validity and reliability of the step test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption in pediatric population.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is the most important variable related to health and a strong predictor of mortality. However, it is rarely used in clinics due to costs, specialized equipment, space needs, and the requirements of expert staff such as an exercise physiologist, physician, or other health professional. This work aims to validate and test the reliability of a submaximal step test to estimate VOmax of 8-to 16-year-old pediatric populations as a simple and low-cost tool for clinical practice.

Machine learning for early detection and severity classification in people with Parkinson's disease.

Early detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) and accurate assessment of disease progression are critical for optimizing treatment and rehabilitation. However, there is no consensus on how to effectively detect early-stage PD and classify motor symptom severity using gait analysis. This study evaluated the accuracy of machine learning models in classifying early and moderate-stages of PD based on spatiotemporal gait features at different walking speeds.

Polysulfur-based bulking of dynamin-related protein 1 prevents ischemic sulfide catabolism and heart failure in mice.

The presence of redox-active molecules containing catenated sulfur atoms (supersulfides) in living organisms has led to a review of the concepts of redox biology and its translational strategy. Glutathione (GSH) is the body's primary detoxifier and antioxidant, and its oxidized form (GSSG) has been considered as a marker of oxidative status. However, we report that GSSG, but not reduced GSH, prevents ischemic supersulfide catabolism-associated heart failure in male mice by electrophilic modification of dynamin-related protein (Drp1).

The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training on Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress, and Muscle Function in a PCOS Rat Model.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders . This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on insulin resistance, oxidative stress, soleus muscle function, and myokine levels in a PCOS rat model. Female rats were assigned to four groups: Control, PCOS, PCOS+Exercise, and Exercise (n=15 each).

Influence of pre-processing criteria on analysis of accelerometry-based physical activity.

Background: Accelerometers are widely adopted for physical activity (PA) measurement. Accelerometry data require pre-processing before entering formal statistical analyses. Many pre-processing criteria may influence PA outcomes and the processed sample, impacting results in subsequent statistical analyses.

What are the hidden shortcomings of balance training research in older adults that prevent its transfer into practice? Scoping review.

Background: Although a lot of attention is paid to the flaws of balance training research in older adults, the low methodological quality and incomplete reporting of studies still limit the knowledge transfer between research and practice. These known shortcomings are considered also as barriers for creating recommendations for balance training in older adults. Despite the considerable efforts to improve the scientific quality of studies, such recommendations have not yet been formulated to date.

Identifying Patients at Risk for Cardiometabolic and Chronic Diseases by Using the Exercise Vital Sign to Screen for Physical Inactivity.

Introduction: Physical inactivity is a major health risk factor for multiple chronic diseases and early death. Despite evidence supporting diet and physical activity behavioral counseling interventions, physical inactivity is rarely measured or managed in primary care. A need exists to fully explore and demonstrate the value of screening patients for physical inactivity.

Malnutrition/exercise interaction in the rat mother-pup dyad: a behavioral and electrophysiological analysis.

Objectives: Maternal protein malnutrition alters brain functioning, impairing fetal development. Physical exercise during gestation benefits the fetal organism from maternal adaptive changes that may be neuroprotective. This study evaluated the effect of a low-protein diet associated with maternal voluntary physical activity (VPA) on rats' behavioral and brain electrophysiological parameters in the mother-pup dyad.

Effects of fascial manipulation, vibration exercise, motor imagery, or neuro-muscular electrical stimulation on the coagulation system: A pilot study.

Available evidence suggests that various medical/rehabilitation treatments evoke multiple effects on blood hemostasis. It was therefore the aim of our study to examine whether fascial manipulation, vibration exercise, motor imagery, or neuro-muscular electrical stimulation can activate the coagulation system, and, thereby, expose patients to thrombotic risk. Ten healthy young subject were enrolled in the study.

LIM kinases in cardiovascular health and disease.

The Lim Kinase (LIMK) family of serine/threonine kinases is comprised of LIMK1 and LIMK2, which are central regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics via their well-characterized roles in promoting actin polymerization and destabilizing the cellular microtubular network. The LIMKs have been demonstrated to modulate several fundamental physiological processes, including cell cycle progression, cell motility and migration, and cell differentiation. These processes play important roles in maintaining cardiovascular health.

Exercise preconditioning and resveratrol reduce the susceptibility of rats with obstructive jaundice to endotoxin and alleviate lung injury.

Introduction: Endotoxemia is a common issue for patients with biliary obstruction. The lung is the most affected organ by endotoxins. Exercise training can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation and resveratrol has biological effects similar to exercise.

Long-term impact of Diabetes Prevention Program interventions on walking endurance.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes are associated with poor walking endurance, a marker of physical function. We aimed to examine the long-term effects of metformin or intensive lifestyle intervention in adults at high risk of T2D on their 6-min walk test (6MWT) performance.

Methods: Participants were randomized in the 3-year Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) to one of the three groups: lifestyle intervention, metformin, or placebo, and were subsequently followed in the DPP Outcomes Study.