Continuous high-soy protein soymilk intake affects ordinary walking speed in the Japanese pre-frail and frail elderly: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: To investigate whether continuous intervention using soymilk containing high soy protein improves physical frailty, a randomized controlled trial was conducted among the Japanese pre-frail and frail elderly.

Methods: Japanese pre-frail and frail elderly participants (n = 73) were randomly assigned to the high-soy protein and control groups, who then ingested soymilk containing 14.5 g/200 ml and 3.

Seeking optimal non-pharmacological interventions for sarcopenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: With the acceleration of aging, sarcopenia has become a reality of concern today. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various non-pharmacologic interventions and find the optimal interventions for sarcopenia.

Methods: PubMed, Medline OVID, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched from 1 January 2000 to 25 October 2023, with language restrictions to English.

Resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability in humans: role of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.

Purpose: Resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Given that the sympathetic nervous system plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular regulation, we hypothesized that alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (the main sympathetic receptor controlling peripheral vasoconstriction) may contribute to resting beat-to-beat blood pressure variability.

Eight weeks of aerobic exercise, but not four, improves insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular performance in young women.

Regular aerobic exercise has a significant impact on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles, contributing to overall health improvement. However, evidence for optimal exercise duration to achieve these effects is limited. This study aims to explore the effects of 4 and 8 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, and associated metabolic changes in young female students with insulin resistance and varying body mass, seeking to determine the optimal duration for physiological adaptations.

Physical activity and quality of life among breast cancer survivors: Pink SWAN.

Purpose: To describe physical activity (PA) trajectories across 10 years post-breast cancer diagnosis and examine their association with quality of life (QoL).

Methods: Participants from the longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation who developed incident breast cancer completed the Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors scale (QLACS) which has 12 domains. Breast cancer survivors (BCS) with at least one post-diagnosis measure of the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (PA) were included (n = 96).

A mediating role of visceral adipose tissue on the association of health behaviours and metabolic inflammation in menopause: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Fat distribution changes with advancing menopause, which predisposes to metabolic inflammation. However, it remains unclear, how health behaviours, including sleeping, eating and physical activity, or their combinations contribute to metabolic inflammation caused by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The aim of the present study was to examine whether health behaviours are associated with metabolic inflammation and whether VAT mediates these associations in menopausal women.

Bilateral hip exoskeleton assistance enables faster walking in individuals with chronic stroke-related gait impairments.

Millions of individuals surviving a stroke have lifelong gait impairments that reduce their personal independence and quality of life. Reduced walking speed is one of the major problems limiting community mobility and reintegration. Previous studies have shown positive effect of robot-assisted gait training utilizing hip exoskeletons for individuals with gait impairments due to a stroke, leading to increased walking speed in post-treatment compared to pre-treatment assessments.

Analyzing the impact of prolonged pauses on soccer performance.

During breaks or playing period changes, players' accumulated workload, physiological alterations, body composition factors, sleep, and health-related qualities can factor into soccer performance. This research examined the impact of prolonged pauses, including breaks due to the 2022 FIFA World Cup and an earthquake tragedy, on running displacements and ball in-play duration during the 2022/23 Turkish Super League season. The secondary purpose was to determine the relationship between performance metrics and competition outcomes (i.

Changes in Muscle Quality Following Short-Term Resistance Training in Older Adults: A Comparison of Echo Intensity and Texture Analysis.

Background: Skeletal muscle echo intensity (EI) is associated with functional outcomes in older adults, but resistance training interventions have shown mixed results. Texture analysis has been proposed as a novel approach for assessing muscle quality, as it captures spatial relationships between pixels. It is unclear whether texture analysis is able to track changes following resistance training.

Cardiometabolic Health Intervention Using Music and Exercise (CHIME) Delivered via Telehealth to Wheelchair Users: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Wheelchair users live predominantly sedentary lifestyles and have a substantially higher risk for cardiometabolic disease and mortality compared to people without disabilities. Exercise training has been found to be effective in improving cardiometabolic health (CMH) outcomes among people without disabilities, but research on wheelchair users is limited and of poor quality.

Objective: The primary aim of this study is to examine the immediate and sustained effects of a 24-week, telehealth, movement-to-music cardiovascular (M2M-C) exercise program on core indicators of CMH among adult wheelchair users compared to an active control group.

Intramuscular pH monitoring before and during exercise in individuals with intermittent claudication compared to healthy controls: A feasibility study.

Objective: In this feasibility study, firstly, we aimed to assess whether intramuscular pH (IMpH) could be measured with a glass-tipped electrode. Secondly, we aimed to explore whether we could monitor changes in skeletal muscle pH before and throughout static (isometric) and after dynamic (treadmill) exercise, comparing individuals with intermittent claudication (IC) to a group of healthy controls.

Methods: Forty participants with IC (mean age ± SD) 68 ± 8) and 40 healthy volunteers (63 ± 10) were recruited.

Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Skeletal Muscle and Liver Glucose Metabolism in Male Rodents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Aerobic exercise (AE) is associated with a significant hypoglycemia risk in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the mechanisms in the liver and skeletal muscle governing exercise-induced hypoglycemia in T1DM are poorly understood. This study examined the effects of a 60-minute bout of AE on hepatic and muscle glucose metabolism in T1DM rats.

Active transportation is associated with lower obesity risk: generalized structural equations model applied to physical activity.

This study aimed to identify latent (unobservable) dimensions representing specific physical activity-related behaviors and explore their potential effects on obesity burden and spatial distribution in Colombia. A cross-sectional study (n = 9,658) was conducted based on the Colombian National Survey of Nutritional Status. A generalized structural equations model was proposed, combining exposure and measurement models to define a disease model.

Structural analysis of socioeconomic factors and school jet lag in traumatic dental injury among children.

The objective of this study was to analyze the directions by which school jet lag is associated with traumatic dental injury in children, evaluating direct and indirect effects of socioeconomic factors and sleep. A representative, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and the Circadian Energy Scale.

Effect of long-term negative energy on appetite hormone levels in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes.

Objective: Calorie restriction and exercise are commonly used first interventions to prevent the progression of prediabetes and alleviate the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. Our study was designed to determine the effect of the energy deficit caused by long-term (12-week) calorie restriction and exercise programs on appetite responses in obese individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Calorie restriction and exercise programs appropriate for age, gender, and work environment were applied to 22 individuals with prediabetes and 22 with type 2 diabetes participating in the study for a period of 12 weeks.

Sex differences in the maximal metabolic steady state of fitness matched women and men.

We tested the hypothesis that power at maximal metabolic steady state is similar between fitness matched men and women. Eighteen participants (9 men, 9 women) performed a cycling graded exercise test for maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O). Men and women were matched for V̇O normalized to fat free mass (FFM), which was 50.

Kynurenines and aerobic exercise capacity in chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Background: The causes of reduced aerobic exercise capacity (ExCap) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are multifactorial, possibly involving the accumulation of tryptophan (TRP) metabolites such as kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA), known as kynurenines. Their relationship to ExCap has yet to be studied in CKD. We hypothesised that aerobic ExCap would be negatively associated with plasma levels of TRP, KYN and KYNA in CKD.

Effect of fatigability on sprint time performance and force-velocity profile according to maturity status in young rugby players.

Little is known about the influence of fatigue in repeated overground sprinting on force-velocity properties in children and adolescents, while this ability to repeat sprints is important for future progress in rugby union. Sprint time decline is commonly used to assess fatigability. However, it does not provide data on biomechanical aspects of sprint performance such as maximal power, force, and velocity production.

Pan-cancer secreted proteome and skeletal muscle regulation: insight from a proteogenomic data-driven knowledge base.

Large-scale, pan-cancer analysis is enabled by data driven knowledge bases that link tumor molecular profiles with phenotypes. A debilitating cancer-related phenotype is skeletal muscle loss, or cachexia, which occurs partly from tumor products secreted into circulation. Using the LinkedOmicsKB knowledge base assembled from the Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium proteogenomic analysis, along with catalogs of human secretome proteins, ligand-receptor pairs and molecular signatures, we sought to identify candidate pan-cancer proteins secreted to blood that could regulate skeletal muscle phenotypes in multiple solid cancers.

Ablation of satellite cell-specific clock gene, Bmal1, alters force production, muscle damage, and repair following contractile-induced injury.

Following injury, skeletal muscle undergoes repair via satellite cell (SC)-mediated myogenic progression. In SCs, the circadian molecular clock gene, Bmal1, is necessary for appropriate myogenic progression and repair with evidence that muscle molecular clocks can also affect force production. Utilizing a mouse model allowing for inducible depletion of Bmal1 within SCs, we determined contractile function, SC myogenic progression and muscle damage and repair following eccentric contractile-induced injury.

The comparison of serum bone-turnover markers in different stage of chronic kidney disease and the associated impact of intradialytic cycling in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Introduction: Bone turnover markers reflected the bone remodeling process and bone health in clinical studies. Studies on variation of bone remodeling markers in different stage CKD were scant, and this study investigated the role of bedside intradialytic cycling in altering concentrations of bone-remodeling markers in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Materials And Methods: Participants were segmented into four groups: a group with eGFR >60 ml/min/1.

Exploring the immediate effects of aerobic exercise on nocturnal blood pressure dip in medication-controlled hypertensive individuals: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Nocturnal blood pressure dipping is crucial for cardiovascular health, but the effect of exercise on this phenomenon is not well understood. This study aims to investigate how a single session of aerobic exercise impacts nocturnal blood pressure dipping in individuals with hypertension who are on medication.

Methods: Twenty hypertensive adults (67 ± 16 years) participated in a randomised, parallel-group clinical trial.

Monkeys Swimming Across Rivers Refine Questions About the Riverine Barrier Hypothesis.

The Riverine Barrier Hypothesis posits that species distributions are limited by large rivers acting as geographical barriers. Accordingly, large rivers have long been thought to be a major driver of the extensive speciation and high levels of biodiversity among platyrrhine primates in South and Central America. Direct observations of river crossings provide evidence that complements studies of genetic diversity that can together shed new light on this hypothesis.

Effects of Yoga-Like Exercises on Mild and Moderate Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.

Background: While aerobic exercises have demonstrated efficacy in slowing cognitive decline and improving psychological symptoms associated with cognitive impairments, they may not be feasible due to multiple disabilities. Other gentle exercises with mindful approaches, such as "Yoga-like", have been explored but lack clear evidence.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of a "Yoga-like" intervention on cognitive and psychological features in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer Disease (AD).

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Kannada Version of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS-Kn) Among Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Survivors in a Tertiary Care Setup in India.

Background: Adherence in rehabilitation services includes attending appointments, regularly performing prescribed exercises, and correct exercise execution. The Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS) has been adapted into several languages, but there is lack of a standardized tool for various Indian languages and cultural contexts, particularly for use with cancer survivors. With the anticipated 57.