199 results match your criteria: "Exercise Immunology Review[Journal]"
Exerc Immunol Rev
August 2024
Saarland University, Department of Sports Medicine, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Purpose: This study analyses the immune response of elite athletes after COVID-19 vaccination with double-dose mRNA and a single-dose vector vaccine.
Methods: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers, neutralizing activity, CD4 and CD8 T-cells were examined in blood samples from 72 athletes before and after vaccination against COVID-19 (56 mRNA (BNT162b2 / mRNA-1273), 16 vector (Ad26.COV.
Exerc Immunol Rev
August 2024
Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Brazil.
Background: Several studies have reported that marathon runners have a higher risk of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) post marathon than non-exercising controls. However, other studies did not find a higher risk of URTI in the same participants before and after a marathon, precluding a conclusive consensus. Besides the between-subjects effects, another important confounding factor in these results is the different pre and post follow-up time to track URTI.
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August 2024
Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
Moderate exercise is effective for maintaining or improving overall health. However, excessive exercise that exhausts the adaptive reserve of the body or its ability to positively respond to training stimuli can induce tissue damage and dysfunction of multiple organs and systems. Tissue injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress are reportedly induced in the skeletal muscles, liver, and kidneys after exercise.
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August 2024
Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
Skin cancer has the highest incidence of all cancers, and their incidence are increasing in both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Alternative adjuvant treatment strategies appropriate for their management are needed. Modifiable lifestyle factors influence disease outcomes, either improving or worsening outcomes.
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August 2024
Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Conventional chemotherapies can stimulate the immune system by increasing tumour antigenicity (e.g., neoantigen exposure to immune cells) and altering adjuvanticity in the tumour (e.
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June 2023
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland,
Exerc Immunol Rev
June 2023
Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
Macrophage accumulation in the adipose tissue and changes in their inflammatory phenotype is a hallmark of obesity-induced inflammation, notably forming inflammatory structures known as "crown-like structures (CLS)". Exercise can be a key strategy to improve inflammation-related complications, but it is crucial to consider that, although exercise generally exerts systemic and local anti-inflammatory effects, this depends on the basal inflammatory status and exercise modality. In this context, the "bioregulatory effect of exercise" implies to achieve the reduction or prevention of an excessive inflammatory response and also the preservation or stimulation of the innate response.
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June 2023
Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PAHERG'), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain.
Background: Exercise might exert anti-tumoral effects in adult cancers but this question remains open in pediatric tumors, which frequently show a different biology compared to adult malignancies. We studied the effects of an exercise intervention on physical function, immune variables and tumoral response in a preclinical model of a highly aggressive pediatric cancer, high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB).
Methods: 6-8-week-old male mice with orthotopically-induced HR-NB were assigned to a control (N = 13) or exercise (5-week combined [aerobic+resistance]) group (N = 17).
Background: Both acute and chronic exercise have profound effects on systemic metabolism and the immune system. While acute exercise transiently disturbs energy homeostasis and elicits acute inflammation, exercise training improves systemic metabolic capacity, lowers basal inflammation, and reduces infection risk. Accordingly, accumulating evidence indicates links between systemic and immune cell metabolism and suggests that cellular metabolism may be an important way exercise influences immune function.
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June 2023
Gerontology department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, BE-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
Background: In the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), inflammatory mediators play an important role. However, the precise underlying mechanism by which regular exercise therapy (ET) exert effects on the immune system in KOA patients is unknown.
Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the basal and acute effects of ET on inflammatory biomarkers and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in KOA patients.
Exerc Immunol Rev
August 2022
Laboratory of Exercise Physiology (FISEX), School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
There is a knowledge gap regarding the consequences of exercise during acute infections in humans and contradictory findings in animal studies, compromising public health advice on the potential benefits of physical activity for immunity. Here, we carried out a meta-analysis of studies of the effects of moderate exercise (ME) and exercise until fatigue (EF) on symptom severity, morbidity and mortality during viral infection in animal models. The systematic review on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and EBSCOhost (CINAHL and SPORT Discus) identified 8 controlled studies, with 15 subgroups within them.
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June 2022
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
Individuals who participate in regular exercise over time have a markedly reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Paradoxically, in susceptible individuals with underlying, often undiagnosed, disease states, exercise may acutely increase an individual's risk of cardiovascular events during and immediately following physical exertion. Exercise is thought to evoke conditions that trigger atheromatous plaque rupture or trigger life threatening arrhythmias in individuals with pre-existing, vulnerable coronary artery and inherited cardiovascular disease respectively.
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April 2022
Department for Health, University of Bath, UK.
Background: The complement system is comprised of the classical, lectin and alternative pathways that result in the formation of: pro-inflammatory anaphylatoxins; opsonins that label cells for phagocytic removal; and, a membrane attack complex that directly lyses target cells. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) - cell lysis triggered by complement protein C1q binding to the Fc region of antibodies bound to target cells - is another effector function of complement and a key mechanism-of-action of several monoclonal antibody therapies. At present, it is not well established how exercise affects complement system proteins in humans.
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April 2022
Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Background: The nervous system integrates the immune system in the systemic effort to maintain or restore the organism's homeostasis. Acute bouts of exercise may alter the activity of specific pathways associated with neuroendocrine regulation of the immune system.
Objective: To examine the acute effects of heavy resistance exercise on biomarkers of neuroendocrine-immune regulation in healthy adults.
Exerc Immunol Rev
April 2022
School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest cause of death and disability globally. The physical and psychosocial consequences after TBI can persist for prolonged periods, and lead to increased health care and economic burden. Exercise has shown promise over recent years as a mode of rehabilitation that alleviates multiple TBI symptoms; but there is a lack of controlled large-scale studies and limited research into the underlying mechanisms.
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April 2022
Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, UK.
Kidney transplantations are seen to be a double-edge sword. Transplantations help to partially restore renal function, however there are a number of health-related co-morbidities associated with transplantation. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), malignancy and infections all limit patient and graft survival.
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April 2022
Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
Background: The term immunometabolism describes cellular and molecular metabolic processes that control the immune system and the associated immune responses. Acute exercise and regular physical activity have a substantial influence on the metabolism and the immune system, so that both processes are closely associated and influence each other bidirectionally.
Scope Of Review: We limit the review here to focus on metabolic phenotypes and metabolic plasticity of T cells and macrophages to describe the complex role of acute exercise stress and regular physical activity on these cell types.
Exerc Immunol Rev
May 2021
National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU.
Despite evidence that monocyte migration is accentuated by central adiposity, the impact of physical activity (PA) and exercise, particularly in the post-prandial state, on limiting migration are not established. We hypothesised that PA and a single bout of walking exercise would be associated with reduced ex vivo monocyte tethering and migration in middleaged males with central obesity (CO). Objective levels of PA were measured for 7 days in lean males (LE, N=12, mean (SD) age 39 (10) years, waist circumference 81.
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May 2021
University of Coimbra, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal.
Purpose: Ageing is associated with alterations in the immune system as well as with alterations of the circadian rhythm. Immune cells show rhythmicity in execution of their tasks. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging), which is observed in the elderly, is mitigated by lifelong exercise.
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May 2021
Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
Exerc Immunol Rev
May 2021
Department of "Performance and Health (Sports Medicine)", Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
Many of the exercise-related health-promoting effects are attributed to beneficial immunomodulation. The restoration of immune homeostasis is context-dependent, meaning either to increase anti-inflammatory signaling to counteract disease progression of non-communicable (auto)inflammatory diseases or to enhance (local) activity of proinflammatory immune cells to slow down or inhibit cancer progression. Regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) represent the main regulatory component of the adaptive immune system that fine-tunes inflammatory responses, keeps them in check and prevents long-lasting autoimmunity.
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May 2021
University of Coimbra - Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.M.S.); (A.M.T.); (H.S.); (F.M.S.); (M.C.R.); (P.R.N.); (M.A.F.); (J.P.L.).
Numerous epidemiological studies have shown the existence of a relationship between exercise and reduced risk of different types of cancer. In vitro studies have identified a direct effect of exercise-conditioned human serum on cancer cell lines of the lung, breast, prostate, and colon. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis (SRM) was to estimate the magnitude of the effect that exercise-conditioned human serum produced on the viability of cancer cell cultures.
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May 2021
Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
The hypothalamus plays a critical role in the control of food consumption and energy expenditure. Fatty diets can elicit an inflammatory response in specific hypothalamic cells, including astrocytes, tanycytes, and microglia, disrupting anorexigenic signals in region-specific hypothalamic neurons, contributing to overeating and body weight gain. In this study, we present an update regarding the knowledge of the effects of physical exercise on inflammatory signaling and circuits to control hunger in the hypothalamus in obesity conditions.
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May 2021
Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease, which results from lipid accumulation in the blood vessel wall, forming a plaque, and ultimately restricting blood flow. The immune system plays a vital role in progression to plaque rupture. While recent evidence clearly indicates the anti-inflammatory function of regular exercise, the mechanisms by which regular exercise can modulate its pathophysiology is not well understood.
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May 2021
Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Background: Regular exercise, particularly moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), can improve immune function. Natural killer (NK) cells, a subset of lymphocytes that react to infections, are the most responsive innate immune cells to exercise, but the mechanisms underlying this are poorly understood. A type of exercise training that is gaining popularity in recent years is high-intensity interval training (HIIT), but how it affects NK cells is largely unknown.
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