Age-Related Incidence and Peak Occurrence of Contralateral Breast Cancer.

Importance: Young patients with breast cancer have higher risk for developing contralateral breast cancer (CBC) and have epidemiologic characteristics different from those of older patients.

Objective: To examine the incidence and peak occurrence of CBC according to age at primary breast cancer (PBC) surgery.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included patients who were diagnosed with and underwent surgery for unilateral nonmetastatic breast cancer at Asan Medical Center, Korea, between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2013, with follow-up through December 31, 2018.

Moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe vs high-intensity statin according to baseline LDL-C in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A post-hoc analysis of the RACING randomized trial.

Background And Aims: Whether the effect of a combination strategy rather than increasing doses of one drug to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels is consistent across baseline LDL-C levels remains uncertain.

Methods: In the RACING trial, which showed a non-inferiority of moderate-intensity statin with ezetimibe (rosuvastatin 10 mg with ezetimibe 10 mg) to high-intensity statin (rosuvastatin 20 mg) for the primary outcome (3-year composite of cardiovascular death, major cardiovascular event, or stroke), the heterogeneity in treatment effect according to baseline LDL-C levels was assessed for the primary and secondary outcomes (clinical efficacy and safety).

Results: Of 3780 participants, 2817 participants (74.

Survival After Development of Contralateral Breast Cancer in Korean Patients With Breast Cancer.

Importance: Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is the most frequently diagnosed primary cancer in patients with breast cancer. Although many studies have reported survival after the development of CBC, results have been inconsistent.

Objective: To investigate whether the development of CBC is associated with survival among patients with breast cancer.

Preventing Risks of Infections and Medication Errors in IV therapy (PRIME): a patient safety initiative.

Background: Two major avoidable reasons for adverse events in hospital are medication errors and intravenous therapy-induced infections or complications. Training for clinical staff and compliance to patient safety principles could address these.

Methods: Joint Commission International (JCI) consultants created a standardised, 6-month training programme for clinical staff in hospitals.

Arthroscopic Foveal Repair of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Improved the Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Persistent Symptomatic Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint Instability After Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures: Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up.

Purpose: To investigate the longitudinal trend of symptomatic distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability after plate fixation for distal radius fractures (DRFs), determine which factors are associated with persistent symptomatic DRUJ instability, and evaluate the postoperative outcomes of arthroscopic foveal repair of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) in patients with persistent symptomatic DRUJ instability after plate fixation for DRF.

Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent plate fixation for DRF between January 2014 and December 2017 and were followed up for a minimum of 1 year were included in this retrospective study. DRUJ instability was evaluated by subjective ulnar wrist pain and physical examination that included foveal sign and ballottement testing every 2 months after surgery.

PI3Kγδ inhibitor plus radiation enhances the antitumour immune effect of PD-1 blockade in syngenic murine breast cancer and humanised patient-derived xenograft model.

Introduction: We hypothesised that the combined use of radiation therapy and a phosphoinositide 3-kinaseγδ inhibitor to reduce immune suppression would enhance the efficacy of an immune checkpoint inhibitor.

Methods: Murine breast cancer cells (4T1) were grown in both immune-competent and -deficient BALB/c mice, and tumours were irradiated by 3 fractions of 24 Gy. A PD-1 blockade and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)γδ inhibitor were then administered every other day for 2 weeks.

Clinical Outcomes Following Letrozole Treatment according to Estrogen Receptor Expression in Postmenopausal Women: LETTER Study (KBCSG-006).

Purpose: In this trial, we investigated the efficacy and safety of adjuvant letrozole for hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. Here, we report the clinical outcome in postmenopausal women with HR-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant letrozole according to estrogen receptor (ER) expression levels.

Methods: In this multi-institutional, open-label, observational study, postmenopausal patients with HR-positive breast cancer received adjuvant letrozole (2.

Ultrasound Imaging of Cutaneous Innervations of the Lower Extremity.

Ultrasound (US) is commonly used to evaluate the cutaneous innervation of the lower extremity, owing to the following advantages: (1) US is a high-resolution soft tissue imaging modality; (2) it is feasible in patients who are deemed unsuitable to undergo magnetic resonance imaging; and (3) it enables dynamic and real-time imaging. The evaluation of cutaneous nerves requires accurate knowledge of the anatomy as well as technical details. We present a review of the US anatomy of the cutaneous nerves in the lower extremity in addition to a description of a few pathologic conditions.

Reliability and Validity of a Short Form of the Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire-Cognition.

Background And Purpose: We aimed to determine the reliability and validity of a short form of the Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire-Cognition (KDSQ-C) as a screening tool for cognitive dysfunction.

Methods: This study recruited 420 patients older than 65 years and their informants from 11 hospitals, and categorized the patients into normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia subgroups. The KDSQ-C was completed separately by the patients and their informants.

Self- and informant-reported cognitive functioning and awareness in subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and very mild Alzheimer disease.

Objectives: The present study examined self-reports and informant reports of cognitive function and discrepancies between the two reporting methods in healthy controls (HC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and very mild Alzheimer disease (AD) using three questionnaires.

Methods: The study included a total of 300 individuals (mean age: 74.4 ± 5.

Adding Ovarian Suppression to Tamoxifen for Premenopausal Breast Cancer: A Randomized Phase III Trial.

Purpose: The addition of ovarian function suppression (OFS) for 5 years to tamoxifen (TAM) for treatment of premenopausal patients with breast cancer after completion of chemotherapy has beneficial effects on disease-free survival (DFS). This study evaluated the efficacy of adding 2 years of OFS to TAM in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who remain in a premenopausal state or resume ovarian function after chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: We enrolled 1,483 premenopausal women (age ≤ 45 years) with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer treated with definitive surgery after completing adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

A Comparative Evaluation of the KDSQ-C, AD8, and SMCQ as a Cognitive Screening Test to Be Used in National Medical Check-ups in Korea.

Background: Korea has a periodic general health check-up program that uses the Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire-Cognition (KDSQ-C) as a cognitive dysfunction screening tool. The Alzheimer Disease 8 (AD8) and Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire (SMCQ) are also used in clinical practice. We compared the diagnostic ability of these screening questionnaires for cognitive impairment when completed by participants and their caregivers.

Characteristics of and Factors Contributing to Immediate Postoperative Pain After Ankle Fracture Surgery.

To build an appropriate strategy of pain management after ankle fracture surgery, surgeons need to know the characteristics of postoperative ankle pain and its contributing factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the maximum pain period after ankle fracture surgery and the factors affecting postoperative pain using a linear mixed model when patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was used as a basic modality. A total of 219 adult patients (108 males and 111 females; mean age 51.

Inguinal hernia in preterms in neonatal intensive care units: Optimal timing of herniorrhaphy and necessity of contralateral exploration in unilateral presentation.

Background: We sought to determine the optimal timing of IH repair in preterms and the need for routine contralateral exploration.

Methods: Medical records of 3690 pediatric patients who underwent unilateral IH repair between January 1998 and December 2009 were reviewed. We assessed medical record review and telephone interviews.

Relationship between hormone replacement therapy and spinal osteoarthritis: a nationwide health survey analysis of the elderly Korean population.

Objectives: To identify the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on spinal osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods And Design: A cross-sectional study of a nationwide survey was performed.

Setting: This study collected data from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012).

Renal function affects hippocampal volume and cognition: The role of vascular burden and amyloid deposition.

Aim: We determined if differences in renal function, even within normal levels, influenced hippocampal volume (HCV) and cognition.

Methods: Cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects with eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m were selected from the ADNI database (N = 1,269) and divided into three groups (eGFR 60-75, 75-90 and ≥90).

Incidence and risk factors of fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an Asian prospective cohort study.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have high risk for osteoporosis and fracture. We aimed to identify the incidence rate and risk factors of fractures in Asian RA patients. A total of 3557 RA patients in the KORean Observational study Network for Arthritis (KORONA) were included and observed over a mean follow-up of 18 months.

Early imaging findings in germ cell tumors arising from the basal ganglia.

Background: It is difficult to diagnosis early stage germ cell tumors originating in the basal ganglia, but early recognition is important for better outcome.

Objective: To evaluate serial MR images of basal ganglia germ cell tumors, with emphasis on the features of early stage tumors.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed serial MR images of 15 tumors in 14 children and young adults.

What is the most appropriate lipid profile ratio predictor for insulin resistance in each sex? A cross-sectional study in Korean populations (The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey).

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) reduces reactivity of the target organ to blood insulin. Researchers have attempted to evaluate IR using various serum lipid concentration ratios. We aimed to determine the most strongly IR-predictive lipid profile ratios for each sex by studying associations between lipid concentration ratios and IR using data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) 2010.

Effects of a Dietary Supplement with Barley Sprout Extract on Blood Cholesterol Metabolism.

Objective. Barley sprout (Hordeum vulgare L.) contains 4.

Differential levels of L-homocysteic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0) in sera of patients with ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OVC) is one of the most difficult types of cancer to detect in the early stages of its development. There have been numerous attempts to identify a biomarker for OVC; however, an accurate diagnostic marker has yet to be identified. The present study profiled OVC candidate metabolites from the serum to identify potential diagnostic markers for OVC.