Thrips dynamics in Allium crops: Unraveling the role of reproductive mode and weather variables in Thrips tabaci population development.

Thrips tabaci is the main thrips species affecting onion and related species. It is a cryptic species complex comprising three phylogenetic groups characterized by different reproductive modes (thelytoky or arrhenotoky) and host plant specialization. Thrips tabaci populations vary widely in genetic diversity, raising questions about the factor(s) that drive this diversity.

Deterministic and stochastic effects drive the gut microbial diversity in cucurbit-feeding fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae).

Insect diversity is closely linked to the evolution of phytophagy, with most phytophagous insects showing a strong degree of specialisation for specific host plants. Recent studies suggest that the insect gut microbiome might be crucial in facilitating the dietary (host plant) range. This requires the formation of stable insect-microbiome associations, but it remains largely unclear which processes govern the assembly of insect microbiomes.

A pangenome analysis reveals the center of origin and evolutionary history of Phytophthora infestans and 1c clade species.

We examined the evolutionary history of Phytophthora infestans and its close relatives in the 1c clade. We used whole genome sequence data from 69 isolates of Phytophthora species in the 1c clade and conducted a range of genomic analyses including nucleotide diversity evaluation, maximum likelihood trees, network assessment, time to most recent common ancestor and migration analysis. We consistently identified distinct and later divergence of the two Mexican Phytophthora species, P.

Decoding Plant-Pathogen Interactions: A Comprehensive Exploration of Effector-Plant Transcription Factor Dynamics.

In the coevolutionary process between plant pathogens and hosts, pathogen effectors, primarily proteinaceous, engage in interactions with host proteins, such as plant transcription factors (TFs), during the infection process. This review delves into the intricate interplay between TFs and effectors, a key aspect in the prolonged and complex battle between plants and pathogens. Effectors strategically manipulate TFs using diverse tactics.

New Henneguya Species Cause Gill Disease of Commercial Amazonian Fish.

Background: Freshwater fish are affected with much parasitic diseases, among the most common are Henneguyosis caused by myxozoans of the genus Henneguya, which exhibit great diversity in fish from South America, particularly in the Brazilian Amazon.

Purpose: In this present study, we describe the morphological and phylogenetic aspects of the small ribosomal subunit (SSU rDNA) of two new species of Henneguya infecting the gills from Hypophthalmus marginatus, a freshwater catfish from the Amazon.

Methods: In 148 specimens, has been observed cyst formation in different regions of the gills, intrafilamentary and intralamellar.

Enantioselective Trifluoromethylazidation of Styrenyl Olefins Catalyzed by an Engineered Nonheme Iron Enzyme.

Organofluorines, particularly those containing trifluoromethyl (CF3) groups, play a critical role in medicinal chemistry. While trifluoromethylation of alkenes provides a powerful synthetic route to construct CF3-containing compounds with broad structural and functional diversity, achieving enantioselective control in these reactions remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we engineered a nonheme iron enzyme, quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase from Bacillus subtilis (BsQueD), for the enantioselective trifluoromethylazidation of alkenes.

Hennegoides Africanus sp. nov. from Kadey River in Cameroon.

Purpose: Fish are susceptible to various parasitic infections, with Myxozoa emerging as a major group. A taxonomic study of Myxozoa is essential for the rapid diagnosis of species potentially responsible for epizootic diseases.

Methods: The studied fish was collected from the Kadey River, a tributary of the Sangha River in the Congo Basin in Cameroon, and parasitologically dissected.

Molecular Survey of Protist Enteroparasites in Bats (Order Chiroptera) from Portugal.

Purpose: Bats constitute 20% of all mammal species, playing a vital role in ecosystem health as pollinators, seed dispersers, and regulators of insect populations. However, these animals can also be reservoirs for infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, and enteroparasites such as Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Balantioides coli, raising questions about their role in the epidemiology of these agents.

The dominant lineage of an emerging pathogen harbours contact-dependent inhibition systems.

Bacteria from the complex (Smc) are important multidrug-resistant pathogens that cause a broad range of infections. Smc is genomically diverse and has been classified into 23 lineages. Lineage Sm6 is the most common among sequenced strains, but it is unclear why this lineage has evolved to be dominant.

Genomic analyses reveal high diversity and rapid evolution of within a neonatal intensive care unit in Delhi, India.

causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised hosts, including hospitalized neonates. This pathogen is intrinsically resistant to fluconazole, while uncommon strains resistant to multiple antifungal drugs, including voriconazole, amphotericin B, and echinocandins, have also been reported from healthcare environments. Thus, understanding how spread, persist, and adapt to healthcare settings could help us develop better infection management strategies.

Structure Diversity and Properties of Some Bola-like Natural Products.

In their shapes, molecules of some bipolar metabolites resemble the so-called bola, a hunting weapon of the South American inhabitants, consisting of two heavy balls connected to each other by a long flexible cord. Herein, we discuss the structures and properties of these natural products (bola-like compounds or bolaamphiphiles), containing two polar terminal fragments and a non-polar chain (or chains) between them, from archaea, bacteria, and marine invertebrates. Additional modifications of core compounds of this class, for example, interchain and intrachain cyclization, hydroxylation, methylation, etc.

Diversity, Distribution, and Evolution of Bioluminescent Fungi.

All known bioluminescent fungi are basidiomycetes belonging to the Agaricales. They emit 520-530 nm wavelength light 24 h per day in a circadian rhythm. The number of known bioluminescent fungi has more than doubled in the past 15 years from 64 to 132 species.

An Improved Human Evolution Optimization Algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 3D Trajectory Planning.

To address the challenges of slow convergence speed, poor convergence precision, and getting stuck in local optima for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) three-dimensional path planning, this paper proposes a path planning method based on an Improved Human Evolution Optimization Algorithm (IHEOA). First, a mathematical model is used to construct a three-dimensional terrain environment, and a multi-constraint path cost model is established, framing path planning as a multidimensional function optimization problem. Second, recognizing the sensitivity of population diversity to Logistic Chaotic Mapping in a traditional Human Evolution Optimization Algorithm (HEOA), an opposition-based learning strategy is employed to uniformly initialize the population distribution, thereby enhancing the algorithm's global optimization capability.

Elucidating the Role of the T Cell Receptor Repertoire in Myelodysplastic Neoplasms and Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

T cells, as integral components of the adaptive immune system, recognize diverse antigens through unique T cell receptors (TCRs). To achieve this, during T cell maturation, the thymus generates a wide repertoire of TCRs. This is essential for understanding cancer evolution, progression, and the efficacy of immunotherapies.

AI Chatbots and Cognitive Control: Enhancing Executive Functions Through Chatbot Interactions: A Systematic Review.

: The evolution of digital technology enhances the broadening of a person's intellectual growth. Research points out that implementing innovative applications of the digital world improves human social, cognitive, and metacognitive behavior. Artificial intelligence chatbots are yet another innovative human-made construct.

Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals the Emergence and Dissemination of Different serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum Lineages in Brazil.

serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum is a pathogenic bacterium that causes fowl typhoid (FT), affecting chicken flocks worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the emergence, dissemination and genomic profile of Gallinarum lineages from Brazil. Twelve whole-genomes sequences (WGS) of different .

The quagga mussel, : a novel model for EcoEvoDevo, environmental research, and the applied sciences.

Bivalve mollusks are globally distributed in marine and freshwater habitats. While exhibiting a relatively uniform bodyplan that is characterized by their eponymous bivalved shell that houses the soft-bodied animal, many lineages have acquired unique morphological, physiological, and molecular innovations that account for their high adaptability to the various properties of aquatic environments such as salinity, flow conditions, or substrate composition. This renders them ideal candidates for studies into the evolutionary trajectories that have resulted in their diversity, but also makes them important players for research concerned with climate change-induced warming and acidification of aquatic habitats.

Awake Craniotomy in Neurosurgery: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 100 Most-Cited Articles and Review of Technological Advancements.

Awake craniotomy (AC) is a critical neurosurgical technique for maximizing tumor resection in eloquent brain regions while preserving essential neurological functions like speech and motor control. Despite its widespread adoption, no prior bibliometric analysis has evaluated the most influential research in this field. This study analyzed the top 100 most-cited articles on AC to identify key trends, influential works, and authorship demographics.

Detection of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) in wastewater samples: a wake-up call, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, the United Kingdom, 2024.

In 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was detected in wastewater samples in Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK). All strains were genetically linked, but sequence analysis showed high genetic diversity among the strains identified within individual wastewater sites and countries and an unexpected high genetic proximity among isolates from different countries. Taken together these results, with sequential samples having tested positive in various sites, a broader geographic distribution beyond positive sampling sites must be considered.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Fourteen Complete Genome Sequences of Isolated from Species.

Endosymbionts are important for insect species as they provide essential substances to the host. Due to the technical advance of NGS technology and assemblers, many endosymbionts bacterial genomes are available now. Here, we analysed fourteen endosymbiont bacterial genomes of genius, one of notorious pest species.

De-novo Genome Assembly of the Edwardsiid Anthozoan Edwardsia elegans.

Cnidarians (sea anemones, corals, hydroids, and jellyfish) are a key outgroup for comparisons with bilaterial animals to trace the evolution of genomic complexity and diversity within the animal kingdom, as they separated from most other animals 100s of millions of years ago. Cnidarians have extensive diversity, yet the paucity of genomic resources limits our ability to compare genomic variation between cnidarian clades and species. Here we report the genome for Edwardsia elegans, a sea anemone in the most specious genus of the family Edwardsiidae, a phylogenetically important family of sea anemones that contains the model anemone Nematostella vectensis.

Functional heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells and their therapeutic potential in the K18-hACE2 mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Background: Despite many years of investigation into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their potential for treating inflammatory conditions such as COVID-19, clinical outcomes remain variable due to factors like donor variability, different tissue sources, and diversity within MSC populations. Variations in MSCs' secretory and proliferation profiles, and their proteomic and transcriptional characteristics significantly influence their therapeutic potency, highlighting the need for enhanced characterization methods to better predict their efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the biological characteristics of MSCs from different tissue origins, selecting the most promising line for further validation in a K18-hACE2 mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A novel genotype of Babesia microti-like group in Ixodes montoyanus ticks parasitizing the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) in Ecuador.

Babesia species (Piroplasmida) are hemoparasites that infect erythrocytes of mammals and birds and are mainly transmitted by hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). These hemoparasites are known to be the second most common parasites infecting mammals, after trypanosomes, and some species may cause malaria-like disease in humans. Diagnosis and understanding of Babesia diversity increasingly rely on genetic data obtained through molecular techniques.

Innovative microbial activators for enhanced bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils: mechanistic insights.

This paper developed an efficient microbial activator formula and conducted an in-depth study on its efficacy and mechanism in promoting the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil-contaminated soil. A 60-day microbial remediation experiment conducted on oily soil revealed that the microbial activators significantly boosted the activities of dehydrogenase and catalase, subsequently speeding up the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil. The overall degradation rate reached as high as 71.

Rapid change in red cell blood group systems after the main Out of Africa of Homo sapiens.

Despite the advances in paleogenomics, red cell blood group systems in ancient human populations remain scarcely known. Pioneer attempts showed that Neandertal and Denisova, two archaic hominid populations inhabiting Eurasia, expressed blood groups currently found in sub-Saharans and a rare "rhesus", part of which is found in Oceanians. Herein we fully pictured the blood group genetic diversity of 22 Homo sapiens and 14 Neandertals from Eurasia living between 120,000 and 20,000 years before present (yBP).