An Ultra-Brief 2-Item Depression Screening Tool for Correctional Populations.

Although a number of depression screening instruments exist for use primarily in community mental health and medical settings, few have been validated on correctional populations. This study sought to examine the clinical utility of six different 2-item pairs in identifying risk for DSM-5 major depressive episode among a sample of county jail inmates. Data for the current report were derived from routine clinical assessments of 283 inmates recently admitted to a county jail.

Posttraumatic stress, panic disorder, violence, and recidivism among local jail detainees.

Purpose: Most research on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and offending has been conducted with special populations (e.g. veterans and female inmates) and generally overlooks the additive effect of panic disorder (PD) in offending patterns.

A prospective study of behavioral health indicators and repeat jail admissions among rural inmates.

Background: Approximately three quarters of a million adults are detained in US jails, and rural detention centers are responsible for the largest recent increases in this population. It is estimated that two thirds of jail inmates meet criteria for a substance use disorder (SUD), nearly half present symptoms consistent with a mental health condition (MHC), and the vast majority of adults in jails have been arrested and booked into these facilities in the past. It is critical to examine the link between SUDs, MHCs, and readmissions to help inform better approaches.

Substance Use Risk Indicators and Offending Patterns Among Local Jail Inmates.

This study examined clinical indicators of adult jail inmates' substance use severity and offending patterns. Clinical assessment and booking data were gathered from a random sample of 283 adult inmates using the Comprehensive Addiction and Psychological Evaluation-5, which is consistent with diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Greater substance use risk was associated with increased likelihood of detention for property-related offenses, nonviolent offenses, and multiple jail admissions.

Exposure to Violence and Substance Use Treatment Outcomes Among Female Patients.

Background: Many female substance use patients have experienced violence in the past, with most estimates showing the majority of patients reporting violent experiences at some point. Prior experience with violence has been linked to increased severity of substance use, and this may contribute to more challenges in the path to recovery.

Objectives: Existing research has confounded the timing at which violence has occurred with the type of violence to which patients have been exposed.

A PTSD Screen for Forensic Populations.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been observed in a sizable proportion of the U.S. adult correctional population.

Indentifying co-occurring disorders in adolescent population.

A structured diagnostic interview (Practical Adolescent Diagnostic Interview) designed to gather basic information about substance use disorders, other mental health conditions, and related experiences was used in a variety of clinical settings. Anonymous data from 279 adolescents interviewed as part of routine clinical assessments in a variety of clinical programs were analyzed to assess the ability of the questions to identify potential problem areas and to provide a preliminary exploration of interrelationships between those problems. Results demonstrated that the vast majority of individuals manifested indications of multiple problems.

Construct validity for alcohol dependence as indicated by the SUDDS-IV.

Objective: This study considers the diagnostic construct validity of the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-lV) for "alcohol dependence". Previous reports have indicated that "dependence" constitutes a more distinct and pronounced syndrome than "alcohol abuse".

Method: Data were collected in 2000-2001 on 1340 male and female inmates evaluated for "substance use disorders" using the SUDDS-IV, a detailed structured diagnostic interview, to collect data on all of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for "abuse" and "dependence".