Prevalence of Weapons in the Health Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study aimed to systematicically evaluate and quantify the prevalence of weapons in the health care setting. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EBSCO MegaFILE was performed from inception to January 12, 2024. The primary outcome was the prevalence of weapons in the health care setting on patients and/or visitors.

Electrosurgical Devices Used During Laparoscopic Hysterectomy.

Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the United States and most are now being performed in a minimally invasive approach. Electrosurgery and vessel sealing devices are needed in order to provide hemostasis and vascular coaptation; however, there is no guiding evidence and limited recommendations for the use of the currently available devices for laparoscopic hysterectomy. The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic review of electrosurgical devices used in benign hysterectomy and perform a meta-analysis to find the overall effect of various outcomes.

Impact of smoking on the detection of brain aneurysms in general population screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: While the relationship between smoking and subarachnoid hemorrhage is well established, data regarding the probability of detecting unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in smokers remain sparse. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between smoking and the likelihood of identifying UIAs in healthy asymptomatic patients who underwent brain imaging for indications unrelated to UIAs.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines.

Confidence intervals of the relative risk and odds ratio can predict when the optimal information size in a meta-analysis is not met.

Objectives: We sought to empirically evaluate whether the width of confidence interval (CI) of the relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) can obviate the need for calculating the optimal information size (OIS) when making Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation imprecision judgments.

Study Design And Setting: We analyzed a convenience sample of meta-analyses extracted from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. From each meta-analysis, we calculated OIS based on relative risk reductions (RRRs) of 15%-50% and evaluated the ratio of upper to lower 95% CI boundaries of RR (RR CI ratio) and OR (OR CI ratio).

Clinical Profile and Treatment Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Who Initiate an SGLT2 Inhibitor: A Multi-cohort Study.

Introduction: The clinical landscape for the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly evolving. As part of the FOUNTAIN platform (NCT05526157; EUPAS48148), we described and compared cohorts of adult patients with CKD and T2D initiating a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) before the launch of finerenone in Europe, Japan, and the United States (US).

Methods: This was a multinational, multi-cohort study of patients with T2D in five data sources: the Danish National Health Registers (DNHR) (Denmark), PHARMO Data Network (The Netherlands), Valencia Health System Integrated Database (VID) (Spain), Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database Extension (J-CKD-DB-Ex) (Japan), and Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database (CDM) (US).

Treatments for Long COVID autonomic dysfunction: a scoping review.

Purpose: For Long COVID autonomic dysfunction, we have summarized published evidence on treatment effectiveness, clinical practice guidelines, and unpublished/ongoing studies.

Methods: We first interviewed 11 stakeholders (clinicians, clinician/researchers, payors, patient advocates) to gain clinical insights and identify key areas of focus. We searched Embase, CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases for relevant English-language articles published between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2024.

Applying health equity implementation science frameworks to population genetic screening.

Introduction: Implementation science frameworks with a focus on health equity have emerged to help guide the introduction of new interventions into healthcare and community settings while limiting health disparities. The purpose of this research was to explore the applicability of such frameworks to guide the equitable implementation of population genetic screening programs.

Methods: We searched PubMed and reference lists for relevant frameworks and examples of their use in health settings.

Instruments evaluating the duration and pace of clinical encounters: A scoping review.

Objective: Hurried encounters in clinical settings contribute to dissatisfaction among both patients and clinicians and may indicate and contribute to low-quality care. We sought to identify patient- or clinician-reported instruments concerning this experience of time in clinical encounters.

Methods: We searched multiple databases from inception through July 2023.

Re-evaluating Endometrial Thickness in Symptomatic Postmenopausal Patients for Excluding Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: The current ACR and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines recommend a ≤4-mm endometrial thickness threshold for excluding endometrial cancer in symptomatic postmenopausal patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to re-evaluate the optimal endometrial thickness threshold on imaging for excluding cancer in symptomatic postmenopausal patients.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus from inception to October 2023 was performed in addition to a gray literature search.

Treatment of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Preventive and Empirical Therapy for Invasive Candidiasis in Adult Pulmonary and Critical Care Patients. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Background: The incidence of invasive fungal infections is increasing in immune-competent and immune-compromised patients. An examination of the recent literature related to the treatment of fungal infections was performed to address two clinical questions. First, in patients with proven or probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, should combination therapy with a mold-active triazole plus echinocandin be administered vs.

Management of factor Xa inhibitor-related traumatic non-intracranial bleeding events with andexanet alfa or four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in a US multicenter observational study.

Objectives: This study describes clinical characteristics and management strategies for patients with factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor-related traumatic non-intracranial bleeds who were treated with andexanet alfa or four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC).

Methods: An observational cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05548777) was conducted using electronic health records from 354 US hospitals.

Evolution of WHO COVID-19 mask guidelines amid intense demands for rapid advice.

During a health emergency, there is an urgent need to rapidly develop guidelines that meet minimum quality standards, as exemplified by the development of WHO guidelines on mask use in health care and community settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between January 2020 and October 2023, WHO developed 21 guideline updates on the use of masks as part of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Guideline developers had to deal with an ever-growing volume of evidence of variable quality.

Concordance between humans and GPT-4 in appraising the methodological quality of case reports and case series using the Murad tool.

Background: Assessing the methodological quality of case reports and case series is challenging due to human judgment variability and time constraints. We evaluated the agreement in judgments between human reviewers and GPT-4 when applying a standard methodological quality assessment tool designed for case reports and series.

Methods: We searched Scopus for systematic reviews published in 2023-2024 that cited the appraisal tool by Murad et al.

Paper 3: a systematic review of definitions for "racial health equity" and related terms within health-related articles.

Objectives: To systematically evaluate definitions of "racial health equity" (RHE) and related terms within health-related academic literature.

Study Design And Setting: We systematically evaluated definitions of RHE and related terms within health-related academic articles. Articles published in English were included, and no date restrictions were imposed.

Paper 1: introduction to the series.

Objectives: Systematic reviews hold immense promise as tools to highlight evidence-based practices that can reduce or aim to eliminate racial health disparities. Currently, consensus on centering racial health equity in systematic reviews and other evidence synthesis products is lacking. Centering racial health equity implies concentrating or focusing attention on health equity in ways that bring attention to the perspectives or needs of groups that are typically marginalized.

Positive Nursing Practice Environment: A Concept Analysis.

In recent years, research has increasingly highlighted the significance of nursing practice environments, linking positive settings with enhanced job satisfaction, professional autonomy, and care quality. Such environments can decrease turnover, stress, and costs while improving patient safety. Despite this extensive literature, there is limited consensus on defining a 'positive nursing practice environment', highlighting the need for a systematic analysis to advance understanding and application.