A Small Opening in the Storm Clouds: Overview of the Registry-based Study on the Management of Thyroid Storm.

Because of the high mortality rate of thyroid storm (TS), effective guidance for its diagnosis and treatment is essential. The diagnostic criteria introduced by the Japanese Thyroid Association in 2012, along with the Burch-Wartofsky Point Scale, constitute valuable tools for the diagnosis of TS. In 2016, Guidelines on the management of TS were produced by the Japanese Thyroid Association and the Japanese Endocrine Society.

Traditional Chinese Medicine for Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Focus on Selenium and Antioxidant Phytochemicals.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is not only the most frequent autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), but it also has a significant impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and it has been variably associated with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Even though its pathogenesis is still incompletely understood, oxidative stress is believed to play an important role. Hypothyroidism related to later stages of HT can be treated with levothyroxine substitution therapy; various approaches such as selenium supplementation and iodine-restricted diets have been proposed as disease-modifying treatments for earlier stages, and even thyroidectomy has been suggested for refractory cases of painful HT.

EMAS position statement: Thyroid disease and menopause.

Introduction: Thyroid diseases are common in women in their late reproductive years; therefore, thyroid disease and menopause may co-exist. Both conditions may present with a wide range of symptoms, leading to diagnostic challenges and delayed diagnosis. Aim To construct the first European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) statement on thyroid diseases and menopause.

A systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the incidence of thyroid diseases.

Purpose: To assess the prospective association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and incidence of thyroid disorders by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A systematic search was performed in Ovid Medline, Embase.com, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to February 22, 2023.

Nutrition and thyroid disease.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this review was to determine, based on the most recent findings, the involvement of trace elements and vitamins critical for thyroid function and combating thyroid disease.

Recent Findings: Nutritional guidance is pivotal to reducing the risk of thyroid disease and to managing it when it arises, this meaning the prescription of diets rich in such micronutrients as iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamins B12, D3, and A. Most of the above micronutrients are good antioxidants, building up an anti-inflammatory profile, reducing thyroid autoantibodies and body fat, and improving thyroid function.

The clinical significance of low dose biotin supplements (<300μg/day) in the treatment of patients with hypothyroidism: crucial or overestimated?

Background: In the last decade, the combination of the widespread use of streptavidin-biotin technology and biotin-containing supplements (BCS) in the daily clinical practice, have led to numerous reports of erroneous hormone immunoassay results. However, there are no studies assessing the clinical and biochemical significance of that phenomenon, when treating patients with hypothyroidism. Therefore, a prospective study was designed to investigate the potential alterations in the measurement of thyroid hormone concentrations and clinical consequences in patients with hypothyroidism using low -dose BCS containing less than 300 μg/day.

On the Centennial of Vitamin D-Vitamin D, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Web of Links and Implications.

The 100th anniversary of the discovery of vitamin D3 (VitD3) coincides with significant recent advances in understanding its mechanism of action along with accumulating knowledge concerning its genomic and nongenomic activities. A close relationship between VitD3 and the immune system, including both types of immunity, innate and adaptive, has been newly identified, while low levels of VitD3 have been implicated in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Active 1,25(OH) D3 is generated in immune cells via 1-α-hydroxylase, subsequently interacting with the VitD3 receptor to promote transcriptional and epigenomic responses in the same or adjacent cells.

How to approach clinically discordant FT4 results when changing testing platforms: real-world evidence.

Purpose: Measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) is important for assessing thyroid dysfunction. After changing assay manufacturer, high FT4 versus TSH levels were reported at Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC; Bellinzona, Switzerland).

Methods: Exploratory analysis used existing TSH and FT4 measurements taken at EOC during routine clinical practice (February 2018-April 2020) using Elecsys® TSH and Elecsys FT4 III immunoassays on cobas® 6000 and cobas 8000 analyzers (Roche Diagnostics).

Metabolic, Oxidative and Psychological Stress as Mediators of the Effect of COVID-19 on Male Infertility: A Literature Review.

Over 300 million patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported worldwide since the outbreak of the pandemic in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID-19 is induced by the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male reproductive system is unclear.

Non-stenting treatment versus endoscopic stent placement in staple line leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Purpose: Presentation of results of non-stenting treatment versus endoscopic stenting placement in gastric staple leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Methods: Between January 2007 and August 2020, 1371 eligible patients underwent LSG. After gastric leak detection, patients were classified into treatment groups A (endoscopic stent placement) and B (non-stenting management).

The role of selenium in type-2 diabetes mellitus and its metabolic comorbidities.

This review addresses the role of the essential trace element, selenium, in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its metabolic co-morbidities, i.e., metabolic syndrome, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Factors influencing the levothyroxine dose in the hormone replacement therapy of primary hypothyroidism in adults.

Levothyroxine (LT4) is a safe, effective means of hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism. Here, we review the pharmaceutical, pathophysiological and behavioural factors influencing the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of LT4. Any factor that alters the state of the epithelium in the stomach or small intestine will reduce and/or slow absorption of LT4; these include ulcerative colitis, coeliac disease, bariatric surgery, Helicobacter pylori infection, food intolerance, gastritis, mineral supplements, dietary fibre, resins, and various drugs.

Aging and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.

The world's population is increasingly aging, this noted particularly in the Western world where there are ever greater numbers of centenarians and those over 85 years. Given the immense importance of the thyroid gland for optimal health and the fact that morphological and functional changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis take place as a natural adaptation to the aging process, a clear distinction must be made in older individuals between these and the onset of disease. However, this is problematic since, frequently, subtle differences exist between them, making diagnosis a challenging task, especially as concerns subclinical disease.

Selenium and at-risk pregnancy: challenges and controversies.

Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, is inserted as selenocysteine into an array of functional proteins and forms the core of various enzymes that play a cardinal role in antioxidant defense mechanisms, in redox regulation, and in thyroid hormone metabolism. Variations in plasma Se are due to nutritional habits, geographic and ethnic differences, and probably to genetic polymorphisms, the latter still to be conclusively established. Se concentrations were reported to be low in women of reproductive age in the UK, decreasing further during pregnancy, this resulting in low plasma and placental antioxidant enzyme activities.

Pregnancy, thyroid, and the potential use of selenium.

The management of pregnant women is a major concern of health care around the world. There is growing evidence regarding the influence of selenium (Se) on pregnancy and fetus outcomes. However, due to as yet insufficient evidence, lack of measurable markers to assess the effect of Se supplementation on the human metabolism, and Se's narrow therapeutic index, the majority of experts and the current guidelines published by several scientific societies do not recommend the use of Se in pregnancy and in women of childbearing age.

Correction to: Thyroid hormone therapy: past, present, and future.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Evidence for a manifold role of selenium in infertility.

This review aimed to assess the evidence from observational and interventional studies in humans and animals regarding the role of selenium (Se) in male and female infertility. As oxidative stress can seriously impair male, and possibly also female, reproductive functions, it can be speculated that the antioxidant properties of Se could constitute one of the pathways by which this element is involved in fertility. Specifically, there are strong indications that Se influences the growth, maturation, and replication of oocytes, though the precise mechanisms have not as yet been fully elucidated.