Role of artificial intelligence in predicting neurological outcomes in postcardiac resuscitation.

Being an extremely high mortality rate condition, cardiac arrest cases have rightfully been evaluated via various studies and scoring factors for effective resuscitative practices and neurological outcomes postresuscitation. This narrative review aims to explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting neurological outcomes postcardiac resuscitation. The methodology involved a detailed review of all relevant recent studies of AI, different machine learning algorithms, prediction tools, and assessing their benefit in predicting neurological outcomes in postcardiac resuscitation cases as compared to more traditional prognostic scoring systems and tools.

HLA-B27 Negative Reactive Monoarthritis of the Hip Joint Triggered by Scrub Typhus: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Scrub typhus is common in rural Nepal's southern plains, but its diagnosis remains difficult due to a lack of clinical suspicion and poor diagnostic resources. The absence of common manifestations of the condition including eschar might further complicate this problem and may result in treatment delays. We report a case of scrub typhus with the primary presentation of reactive monoarthritis of the left hip joint in a 19-year-old male who presented with difficulty in walking, and pain over the left hip joint.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Rare Presentation.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical condition that is characterized by intense headache and neurological deficits such as vision loss which are attributed to the vasogenic edema that occurs in the posterior cerebral cortex involving the occipital and parietal lobes. Although the classical demographies that are affected by the PRES are middle-aged postpartum females and those with renal dysfunction, rarely it is also seen in patients with collagen vascular disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report a case of PRES in a 32-year-old SLE patient.

Rhupus Syndrome: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Rhupus syndrome, a rare coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis, is characterized by symmetrical erosive polyarthritis and permanent deformities in addition to the clinical and serological characteristics of SLE. Its prognosis is further complicated by neurological and hematological involvement, which dramatically lowers patients' perceptions of their quality of life in terms of their health. Rhupus individuals have significantly less kidney involvement than SLE patients do.

Scrub Typhus Meningoencephalitis: An Overlooked Entity.

Scrub typhus is common in rural parts of Nepal, but its diagnosis remains difficult due to a lack of clinical suspicion and poor diagnostic resources. The absence of common clinical features further complicates this problem. Acute kidney injury (AKI), myocarditis, rhabdomyolysis, hepatitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and meningoencephalitis are complications of the disease associated with high mortality.

A Rare Presentation of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease During Pregnancy.

This case report is about an 18-year-old primigravida diagnosed with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) at 34 weeks of gestation. She had classic rashes on her hands and mouth but was otherwise healthy. The baby was delivered at 39 weeks via spontaneous normal vaginal delivery and was well after delivery.

Incidence of new onset dementia and health care utilization following spine fusions: A propensity score matching analysis.

Background: Dementia following spine fusions is not described in the literature. Also, the impact of new onset dementia on long-term health care utilization is not described. The aim of our study was to define the incidence of new onset dementia and its long-term health care utilization in elderly patients.

Machine Learning in Neuro-Oncology, Epilepsy, Alzheimer's Disease, and Schizophrenia.

Applications of machine learning (ML) in translational medicine include therapeutic drug creation, diagnostic development, surgical planning, outcome prediction, and intraoperative assistance. Opportunities in the neurosciences are rich given advancement in our understanding of the brain, expanding indications for intervention, and diagnostic challenges often characterized by multiple clinical and environmental factors. We present a review of ML in neuro-oncology, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia to highlight recent progression in these field, optimizing machine learning capabilities in their current forms.

Impact of preoperative treatment of osteoporosis on re-operations, complications and health care utilization in patients undergoing thoraco-lumbar spine fusions. A 5-year national database analysis.

Objective: Identify the impact of preoperative treatment of Osteoporosis (OP) on reoperation rates, complications and healthcare utilization following thoraco-lumbar (TL) spine fusions.

Materials And Methods: We used ICD9/10 and CPT codes to extract data from MarketScan (2000-2018). Patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative treatment of OP within one year prior to the index spinal fusion: medication (m-OP) cohort and non-medication (nm-OP) cohort.

Factors Impacting Outcomes and Health Care Utilization in Osteoporotic Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Fusions: A MarketScan Database Analysis.

Objective: To identify factors impacting long-term complications, reoperations, readmission rates, and health care utilization in patients with osteoporosis (OP) following lumbar fusions.

Methods: We used International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision , and Current Procedural Terminology codes to extract data from MarketScan (2000-2016). Patients undergoing lumbar spine fusion were divided into 2 groups based on preoperative diagnosis: OP or non-OP.

Ninety-Day Bundled Payment Reimbursement for Patients Undergoing Anterior and Posterior Procedures for Degenerative Cervical Radiculopathy.

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF) or posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) are the mainstay surgical treatment options for patients with degenerative cervical radiculopathy (DCR).

Objective: To compare 90-d bundled payments between ACDF and PCF for DCR in a cohort study.

Methods: Data were extracted from MarketScan database (2000-2016) using ICD-9, ICD-10, and CPT-4 codes.

Neurohospitalist Practice, Perspectives, and Burnout.

Background And Purpose: Neurohospitalist neurology is a fast-growing subspecialty with a variety of practice settings featuring neurohospitalist models of care. Since inception, the subspecialty has responded to new challenges in resident training, hospital reimbursement, practice, and burnout.

Methods: To characterize neurohospitalists' current practice and perspectives, we surveyed the neurohospitalists and trainees affiliated with the Neurohospitalist Society using an electronic survey distributed through the society listserv.

Bundled Payment Models in Spine Surgery: Current Challenges and Opportunities, a Systematic Review.

Background: Bundled payments offer a lump sum for management of particular conditions over a specified period that has the potential to reduce health care payments. In addition, bundled payments represent a shift toward patient-centered reimbursement, which has the upside of improved care coordination among providers and may lead to improved outcomes.

Objective: To review the challenges and sources of payment variation and opportunities for restructuring bundled payments plans in the context of spine surgery.

Recent Increase in the Rate of Spinal Infections May be Related to Growing Substance-use Disorder in the State of Washington: Wide Population-based Analysis of the Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System (CHARS) Database.

Study Design: Epidemiological study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in the incidence of spinal infections (SI) and the possible role of substance use disorder (SUD) as a key associated factor.

Summary Of Background Data: SI pose major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in developed countries, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality.

Cognitive Stimulation as a Therapeutic Modality for Dementia: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Although cognitive stimulation (CS) is one of the most popular non-pharmacological interventions for people with dementia, its efficacy is still debatable. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of CS in people with dementia.

Methods: Data sources were identified by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, psychINFO, and Cochrane Reviews Library.

Cardiovascular Risks in Long Distance Runners.

Distance running has become increasingly popular since the 1970s. Despite the health benefits, long-distance running has been associated with an increased risk for cardiac events. Healthcare professionals should be familiar with distance running cardiac risk factors and preparticipation screening recommendations from the American Heart Association, and should screen and educate patients during healthcare encounters.

Optimizing extended-release carbidopa/levodopa in Parkinson disease: Consensus on conversion from standard therapy.

Purpose Of Review: To help clinicians optimize the conversion of a patient's Parkinson disease pharmacotherapy from immediate-release carbidopa/levodopa (IR CD/LD) to an extended-release formulation (ER CD/LD).

Recent Findings: Eleven movement disorders specialists achieved consensus positions on the modification of trial-based conversion guidelines to suit individual patients in clinical practice.

Summary: Because the pharmacokinetics of ER CD/LD differ from those of IR CD/LD, modification of dosage and dosing frequency are to be expected.

Circulating Cell-Free DNA to Determine the Fetal RHD Status in All Three Trimesters of Pregnancy.

Objective: To estimate the accuracy of a new assay to determine the fetal RHD status using circulating cell-free DNA.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational study. Maternal blood samples were collected in each trimester of pregnancy in 520 nonalloimmunized RhD-negative patients.

Residual Gastric Volume After Bowel Preparation With Polyethylene Glycol for Elective Colonoscopy: A Prospective Observational Study.

Goal: To examine the residual gastric volume (RGV) in colonoscopy after bowel preparations with 3-L polyethylene glycol (PEG).

Background: Obstacles to high-volume bowel preparation by anesthesia providers resulting from concerns over aspiration risk are common during colonoscopy.

Study: Prospective measurements of RGV were performed in patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and morning colonoscopy with split-dose PEG preparation, patients undergoing EGD and afternoon colonoscopy with same-day PEG preparation, and patients undergoing EGD alone under moderate conscious sedation.

Atypical twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: prevalence in a population undergoing fetoscopic laser ablation of communicating placental vessels.

Background: The diagnosis of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) usually relies the presence of polyhydramnios in one sac with concomitant oligohydramnios in the other sac in a monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy. However, TTTS does not always show a linear progression and may present with cardiac compromise or critically abnormal Doppler velocimetry in either fetus before fluid measurements meet the typically used cutoff.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of atypical presentations of TTTS in a population undergoing laser fetoscopy.

The RAB39B p.G192R mutation causes X-linked dominant Parkinson's disease.

Objective: To identify the causal gene in a multi-incident U.S. kindred with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Impact of Bowel Preparation with Low-Volume (2-Liter) and Intermediate-Volume (3-Liter) Polyethylene Glycol on Colonoscopy Quality: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background/aims: Two-liter polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the most commonly used bowel-cleansing regimen in Taiwan, but its efficacy is unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to compare 2-liter and 3-liter PEG in terms of their impact on colonoscopy quality among an average-risk population.

Methods: Two-liter PEG was provided between August 2012 and May 2013, while 3-liter PEG was provided between June 2013 and March 2014.

The North American Fetal Therapy Network Consensus Statement: prenatal management of uncomplicated monochorionic gestations.

Owing to vascular connections within a single placenta, monochorionic gestations present distinctive prenatal management challenges. Complications that can arise as a result of unbalanced hemodynamic exchange (twin-twin transfusion syndrome and twin anemia polycythemia sequence) and unequal placental sharing (selective fetal growth restriction) should be kept in mind while prenatal management is being planned. Because of unique monochorionic angioarchitecture, what happens to one twin can directly affect the other.