A pragmatic, open-label, randomized controlled trial of Plasma-Lyte-148 versus standard intravenous fluids in children receiving kidney transplants (PLUTO).

Acute electrolyte and acid-base imbalance is experienced by many children following kidney transplant. This is partly because doctors give very large volumes of artificial fluids to keep the new kidney working. When severe, fluid imbalance can lead to seizures, cerebral edema and death.

Biallelic CACNA1A variants: Review of literature and report of a child with drug-resistant epilepsy and developmental delay.

Biallelic variants in CACNA1A have previously been reported in nine individuals (four families) presenting with epilepsy and cognitive impairments of variable severity and age-of-onset. Here, we describe a child who presented at 6 months of age with drug-resistant epilepsy and developmental delay. At 10 years of age, she has profound impairments in motor function and communication.

COVID-19 in children with neuromuscular disorders.

Objective: Children with neuromuscular disorders have been assumed to be a particularly vulnerable population since the beginning of COVID-19. Although this is a plausible hypothesis, there is no evidence that complications or mortality rates in neuromuscular patients are higher than in the general population. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 in children with neuromuscular disorders.

Parents' prioritised outcomes for trials investigating treatments for paediatric severe infection: a qualitative synthesis.

Objective: To identify parents' prioritised outcomes by combining qualitative findings from two trial feasibility studies of interventions for paediatric suspected severe infection.

Design: Qualitative synthesis combining parent interview data from the Fluids in Shock (FiSh) and Fever feasibility studies. Parents had experience of their child being admitted to a UK emergency department or intensive care unit with a suspected infection.

Sleep and epilepsy: unfortunate bedfellows.

The relationship between sleep and seizure disorders is a particularly vicious cycle. Nocturnal seizures can interrupt sleep while a number of factors, including antiepileptics and sleep disorders that cause sleep fragmentation, can worsen seizures. Understanding and managing seizures and related sleep disturbance is therefore an important and treatable intervention target that could potentially improve children's sleep, but also their learning, mood, behaviour, seizures and parental quality of life.

Recommendations from the Association of European Paediatric Cardiology for training in diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterisation.

Cardiac catheterisation in congenital heart disease is a developing field. Patients' ages range from foetus to adulthood. This document is a revision and update of the previously published recommendations and summarises the requirements for training in diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterisation.

Knee Osteochondritis Dissecans Treated by the AO Hook Fixation System: A Four Year Follow-Up of an Alternative Technique.

Surgical fixation is recommended for stable osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions that have failed nonoperative management and for all unstable lesions. In this study we set out to describe and evaluate an alternative method of surgical fixation for such lesions. Five knees with unstable OCD lesions in four male adolescent patients with open physes were treated with the AO Hook Fixation System.

Challenges in management of irritable bowel syndrome in children.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common cause of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children and can be a debilitating experience for both child and family. Organic causes of RAP symptoms such as celiac and inflammatory bowel diseases should be excluded before a diagnosis of IBS is made. Treatment consists of dietary manipulation, drugs, and stress management.

Best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. BET 4: does leg position alter cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure during lumbar puncture?

A short-cut review was carried out to determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure is significantly affected by the patient's leg position during the procedure. A total of 1410 papers was found using the reported search, of which five were considered relevant to the three-part question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses are shown in table 3.

Speech, communication and use of augmentative communication in young people with cerebral palsy: the SH&PE population study.

Background: Communication is frequently impaired in young people (YP) with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Important factors include motoric speech problems (dysarthria) and intellectual disability. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) techniques are often employed.

UK Renal Registry 13th Annual Report (December 2010): Chapter 5: demography of the UK paediatric renal replacement therapy population in 2009.

Aims: To describe the demographics of the paediatric RRT population under the age of 16 years in the UK and to analyse changes in demography with time.

Methods: Extraction and analysis of data from the UK Renal Registry (UKRR).

Results: There were 751 children <16 years old with established renal failure (ERF) in the UK in December 2009.

Cor pulmonale due to congenital central hypoventilation syndrome presenting in adolescence.

Objective: To report the first case of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) presenting with severe cor pulmonale in an adolescent.

Methods And Design: Case report and literature review. Our Institutional Review Board waived the need for consent.

Spinal stability is improved by inducing a lumbar lordosis in boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: a pilot study.

The development of scoliosis in boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a significant, morbid event in the progression of the disease caused by progressive spinal musculature weakness. As an alternative to muscle activity, the spine can also be stabilised by locking the articular facet joints, which is achieved when the body is supported on a seat tilted anteriorly using a 'wedge', of the kind commonly recommended for low back pain. We tested spinal stability when using a seat tilted 15 degrees anteriorly in eight boys with DMD, without significant scoliosis, by measuring the ability to support a lateral load applied to the thorax through a sling and hawser.

Orientation to student placements: needs and benefits.

A review of evidence on the benefits and challenges of student orientation is used in this article alongside experiences of orientation days on a children's ward to consider ways in which such programmes could be improved. Orientation to clinical placements can enhance learning by helping students to feel they fit in, reduce anxiety and increase motivation to learn through early identification of learning outcomes. However, there are challenges in the practical implementation of orientation including timing of students' starting dates, staff time, consistency and level of information and teaching.

Ten-year review of laryngotracheal reconstruction for paediatric airway stenosis.

Objectives: To review the outcomes of paediatric patients with laryngotracheal stenosis treated at our institution by laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR).

Methods: A single surgeon personal series retrospective review of case notes over a 10-year period from a single site tertiary referral paediatric otolaryngology department in patients with laryngotracheal stenosis treated with laryngotracheal reconstruction. Evaluation was based on the last laryngotracheal endoscopy, and a retrospective review of the patient's data.