Testing a Multidimensional Factor Structure of the Self-Control Scale.

The Self-Control Scale (SCS) is one of the most widely used measures in the clinical, personality, and social psychology fields. It is often treated as unidimensional, even though no research supports such a unidimensional factor structure. We tested the factor structure in an undergraduate sample as well as a community sample used for additional confirmatory analyses.

A Dual-Pathway Responsive Mechanophore for Intelligent Luminescent Polymer Materials.

Mechanoluminescent units, when integrated into polymer matrices, undergo structural transformations in response to mechanical force, resulting in changes in fluorescence. This phenomenon holds considerable promise for the development of stress-sensing materials. Despite the high demand for robust, tunable mechanoluminescent mechanophores for force assessment and smart force-responsive materials, strategies for their design and synthesis remain underdeveloped.

Individual-specific strategies inform category learning.

Categorization is an essential task for sensory perception. Individuals learn category labels using a variety of strategies to ensure that sensory signals, such as sounds or images, can be assigned to proper categories. Categories are often learned on the basis of extreme examples, and the boundary between categories can differ among individuals.

Lattice Anisotropy-Driven Reduction of Phonon Velocities in Black Phosphorus.

Phonon dynamics and transport determine how heat is utilized and dissipated in materials. In 2D systems for optoelectronics and thermoelectrics, the impact of nanoscale material structure on phonon propagation is central to controlling thermal conduction. Here, we directly observe in-plane coherent acoustic phonon propagation in black phosphorus (BP) using ultrafast electron microscopy.

Mechanically robust and stretchable organic solar cells plasticized by small-molecule acceptors.

Emerging wearable devices would benefit from integrating ductile photovoltaic light-harvesting power sources. In this work, we report a small-molecule acceptor (SMA), also known as a non-fullerene acceptor (NFA), designed for stretchable organic solar cell (-OSC) blends with large mechanical compliance and performance. Blends of the organosilane-functionalized SMA BTP-Si4 with the polymer donor PNTB6-Cl achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >16% and ultimate strain (ε) of >95%.

Learning (Not) to Know: Examining How White Ignorance Manifests and Functions in White Adolescents' Racial Identity Narratives.

In critical approaches to the study of whiteness, white ignorance refers to systematic and intentional ways of (not) knowing that function to perpetuate racism. The current critical qualitative analysis examines how white ignorance surfaces in the racial identity narratives of white adolescents (N = 69, M = 15.91, SD = 0.

Some comments on the paper is human height based on a Lucas sequence relationship between the foot height, tibial length, femur length and upper body length? And an alternative analysis.

We have read with great interest the paper published by the Journal of Anatomy [244(5), 2024, 861-872] on Is human height based on a Lucas sequence relationship between the foot height, tibial length, femur length and upper body length? by Paley et al. The authors show that foot height, tibial length, femur length and upper body length follow a generalized Lucas sequence. Our letter demonstrates that their result is indeed stronger, as their data follow the original, homogeneous Lucas sequence.

Long-term safety and efficacy of ritlecitinib in adults and adolescents with alopecia areata and at least 25% scalp hair loss: Results from the ALLEGRO-LT phase 3, open-label study.

Background: ALLEGRO-LT is an ongoing, long-term, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 study of ritlecitinib in adults and adolescents with alopecia areata (AA).

Objectives: To evaluate ritlecitinib safety and efficacy through Month 24 in patients with AA and ≥25% scalp hair loss.

Methods: ALLEGRO-LT enrolled rollover patients who previously received study intervention in either ALLEGRO phase 2a or 2b/3 studies and de novo patients who had not received treatment in either study.

RNA folding kinetics control riboswitch sensitivity in vivo.

Riboswitches are ligand-responsive gene-regulatory RNA elements that perform key roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Understanding how riboswitch sensitivity to ligand (EC) is controlled is critical to explain how highly conserved aptamer domains are deployed in a variety of contexts with different sensitivity demands. Here we uncover roles by which RNA folding dynamics control riboswitch sensitivity in cells.

Authors' Reply: Commentary on "Protecting User Privacy and Rights in Academic Data-Sharing Partnerships: Principles From a Pilot Program at Crisis Text Line".

We appreciate Reierson's thoughtful commentary on our 2019 paper, which described our experiences, ethical process, judgment calls, and lessons from a 2016-2017 data-sharing pilot between Crisis Text Line and academic researchers. The commentary raises important questions about the ethical conduct of health research in the digital age, particularly regarding informed consent, potential conflicts of interest, and the protection of vulnerable populations. Our article focused specifically on the noncommercial use of Crisis Text Line data for research purposes, so we restrict our reply to points relevant to such usage.

EXPRESS: The Time Course of Cognitive Effort During Disrupted Speech.

Listeners often find themselves in scenarios where speech is disrupted, misperceived, or otherwise difficult to recognize. In these situations, many individuals report exerting additional effort to understand speech, even when repairing speech may be difficult or impossible. This investigation aimed to characterize cognitive effort across time during both sentence listening and a post-sentence retention interval by observing the pupillary response of participants with normal to borderline normal hearing in response to two interrupted speech conditions: sentences interrupted by gaps of silence or bursts of noise.

Mapping the use of cardiovascular genetic services in pediatric clinical care: challenges and opportunities for improvement.

Purpose: Clinical genetic testing is increasingly integrated in managing and diagnosing cardiac conditions and disease. It is important to identify ongoing challenges. This study aimed to better understand how genetic testing is integrated into pediatric cardiac care and identify barriers and opportunities for improvement.

Bridging the gap: Evaluating ChatGPT-generated, personalized, patient-centered prostate biopsy reports.

Objective: The highly specialized language used in prostate biopsy pathology reports coupled with low rates of health literacy leave some patients unable to comprehend their medical information. Patients' use of online search engines can lead to misinterpretation of results and emotional distress. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT (OpenAI) could simplify complex texts and help patients.

Toward a comprehensive understanding of the phenological responses of nonnative plants to climate warming: A review.

Background: Plants often shift their phenology in response to climate warming, with potentially important ecological consequences. Relative differences in the abilities of native and nonnative plants to track warming temperatures by adjusting their phenologies could have cascading consequences for ecosystems. Our general understanding of nonnative species leads us to believe these species may be more phenologically sensitive than native species, but evidence for this has been mixed, likely due, in part, to the myriad of diverse ecological contexts in which nonnatives have been studied.

Location of Care Delivery for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in the United States.

Rationale: Guidelines recommend patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) be referred to pulmonary hypertension (PH) centers, but little is known about where care is actually delivered in the United States (US).

Objectives: To use prescription patterns to estimate the proportion of PAH care delivered at US PH centers and explore factors associated with location of care.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed claims from the Komodo database in adults who received ≥1 PAH prescription between March 2021 and February 2022.

Spin Chains with Highly Quantum Character through Strong Covalency in CaCrN.

The insulating transition metal nitride CaCrN consists of sheets of triangular [CrN] units with symmetry that are connected via quasi-1D zigzag chains. Due to strong covalency between Cr and N, Cr ions are unusually low-spin, and = 1/2. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal dominant quasi-1D spin correlations with very large nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange = 340 K and yet no sign of magnetic order down to = 0.

Accelerated enzyme engineering by machine-learning guided cell-free expression.

Enzyme engineering is limited by the challenge of rapidly generating and using large datasets of sequence-function relationships for predictive design. To address this challenge, we develop a machine learning (ML)-guided platform that integrates cell-free DNA assembly, cell-free gene expression, and functional assays to rapidly map fitness landscapes across protein sequence space and optimize enzymes for multiple, distinct chemical reactions. We apply this platform to engineer amide synthetases by evaluating substrate preference for 1217 enzyme variants in 10,953 unique reactions.

Resting Metabolic Rate and Recovery From Sport-Related Concussion: A Critically Appraised Topic.

Clinical Scenario: Critical appraisal of whole-body metabolism as a measure of concussion recovery is lacking in the available evidence. There has been extensive exploration of options for a gold standard assessment for concussion, including blood biomarkers, electroencephalogram, and neuroimaging, but none have yet to demonstrate good empirical evidence of efficacy.

Clinical Question: In patients with sport-related concussion (SRC), can resting metabolic rate (RMR), as measured through indirect calorimetry, be used as a physiologic assessment of recovery?

Summary Of Key Findings: Three studies demonstrated relevance to the clinical question.

Individual-specific strategies inform category learning.

Categorization is an essential task for sensory perception. Individuals learn category labels using a variety of strategies to ensure that sensory signals, such as sounds or images, can be assigned to proper categories. Categories are often learned on the basis of extreme examples, and the boundary between categories can differ among individuals.

A Sensor for Detecting Aqueous Cu That Functions in a Just-Add-Water Format.

There is growing concern around the negative health impacts associated with contamination of drinking water by harmful chemicals. Technology that enables fast, cheap, and easy detection of ions and small molecules in drinking water is thus important for reducing the incidence of these negative health impacts. Here, we describe a sensor for detecting Cu in water that provides colorimetric results in 15 min or less and functions in a just-add-water format.

Reference genome of Calochortus tolmiei Hook. & Arn. (Liliaceae), a cat's ear mariposa lily.

Calochortus tolmiei Hook. & Arn., a bulbous monocot with cat's ear flowers in the angiosperm family Liliaceae, is a perennial herb native to northern California, Oregon, and Washington.

Situating the salience and parietal memory networks in the context of multiple parallel distributed networks using precision functional mapping.

Brain networks serving higher cognitive functions are widely distributed across frontal and posterior association zones. Two exceptions have been the parietal memory network (PMN) and salience network (SAL), which are typically restricted to posterior (e.g.