Adherence in Evidence-Based Neurotrauma Guidelines: A Worldwide Survey.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) management guidelines vary across regions and there is limited research on real-world adherence to these guidelines. We conducted a global survey to assess the adherence of neurosurgeons to TBI guidelines and evidence-based medicine (EBM).

Method: A 24-item survey was created using Google Forms, covering demographic information, neurotrauma training, basic knowledge of EBM, surgical and in-hospital management.

Sex differences in a Brazilian sample of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are influenced by environmental and immunological factors and may differ according to the patient's sex.

Objective: The objective was to study the differences in the clinical profile of a Brazilian sample of inflammatory bowel disease patients according to sex.

Methods: Retrospective study with chart review of 158 inflammatory bowel disease patients (43 with Crohn's disease and 115 with ulcerative colitis) from a single university hospital in southern Brazil.

High Expression of GABA Receptor β Subunit Genes Is Associated with Longer Overall Survival in Medulloblastoma.

Most of the rapid inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain is mediated through activation of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A (GABA) receptor, which is a ligand-gated ion channel. GABA receptor activation via GABA binding allows for an intracellular influx of Cl ions, thus inducing cellular hyperpolarization. Each GABA receptor consists of a combination of five subunits, and several subunits have been proposed as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer.

Heterobivalent Dual-Target Peptide for Integrin-αβ and Neuropeptide Y Receptors on Breast Tumor.

Heterodimer peptides targeting more than one receptor can be advantageous, as tumors can simultaneously express more than one receptor type. For human breast cancer, a promising biological target is tumor angiogenesis through αβ integrin expression. Another promising target is Neuropeptide Y receptors, considering YR is overexpressed in 90% of human breast tumors.

HLA-I and breast cancer prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a significant global health issue, accounting for 1 in 8 cancer diagnoses worldwide. HLA class I molecules are typically expressed on the cell surface, but cancer cells can develop mechanisms to evade recognition by CTLs, including the downregulation of HLA class I expression. In this context, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the role of HLA class I expression in clinical outcomes for patients with BC.

Three-Dimensional Printing in Spinal Surgery.

Objectives: Carry out an update and systematic review on the use of three-dimensional printing (3DP) in spinal surgery.

Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed database in March 2024. "Spine surgery" and "3DP" were the search terms.

Omitting axillary lymph node dissection is associated with an increased risk of regional recurrence in early stage breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a global problem, however, despite ALND is considered the standard treatment for early stage BC with node-positive, there is no sufficient data to determine which of these patients should undergo it. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to clarify if there is any difference between NALND and ALND in terms of safety and prognosis of the patients.

Methods: A shearch was carried in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for studies that compared NALND and ALND.

Education and Training in Global Neurosurgery: The Quest for Diversity and Equitable Collaborations.

Education and training are essential components of global neurosurgery because they provide a sustainable solution to address the workforce deficits in the neurosurgical burden of disease. Neurosurgery training programs and opportunities exist in most areas of the world, but some countries still lack formal mechanisms to train future generations. In this special article, we review the neurosurgical workforce deficit, characterize factors influencing the absence or inadequacy of neurosurgical training, and identify strategies that could facilitate global efforts in building a stronger workforce.

Personalized Biomodel of the Cervical Spine for Laboratory Laminoplasty Training.

Objective: The use of biomodels in the laboratory for studying and training cervical laminoplasty has not yet been reported. We propose the use of a cervical spine biomodel for surgical laminoplasty training.

Methods: This is an experimental study.

Immunotherapy Plus Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone as First-Line Treatment for Advanced Urothelial Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Introduction: Platinum-based chemotherapy (CTX) has historically been the primary treatment for advanced urothelial cancer (aUC), with limited alternative options. The therapeutic landscape experienced a paradigm shift following the results of the EV-302 and Checkmate-901 trials, which led to the approval of Enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab (EV-P) as the preferred first-line treatment, and nivolumab plus CTX for those unable to receive the preferred regimen. Currently, further investigations are underway to explore PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in the initial treatment of aUC.

Survival and pulmonary function in stage IA non-small cell lung cancer after sublobar resection versus lobectomy: An updated meta-analysis.

Traditionally, lobectomy was standard for stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent RCTs suggest sublobar resection's comparable outcomes. Our meta-analysis, incorporating 30 studies (including four RCTs), assessed sublobar resection's efficacy.

Treatment-related adverse events in patients with advanced breast cancer receiving adjuvant AKT inhibitors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Incorporation of AKT inhibitors into adjuvant therapy for advanced or metastatic breast cancer has improved clinical outcomes. However, the safety of AKT inhibitors should be better evaluated, given the possibility of prolonging survival and impacting patient quality of life. Our aim was to assess how the addition of AKT inhibitors to adjuvant therapy affects treatment-related adverse events.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors Plus Endocrine Therapy versus Endocrine Therapy Alone for HR-Positive, HER-2-Negative Early Breast Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials.

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are approved for advanced breast cancer combined with endocrine therapy (ET). The efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors plus ET in hormone estrogen-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) early-stage breast cancer (esBC) is still to be confirmed.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of CDK4/6i plus ET in esBC.

Do proton pump inhibitors affect the effectiveness of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors in advanced HR positive, HER2 negative breast cancer? A meta-analysis.

Background: The CDK 4/6 inhibitors, including palbociclib and ribociclib, are the standard first-line treatment for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer. Proton pump inhibitors are one of the most globally prescribed types of medications as part of the treatment for gastroesophageal reflux and heartburn complaints. Medication interactions have been demonstrated, leading to a decrease in the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs such as capecitabine and pazopanib.

Jugular Foramen Paragangliomas.

Paragangliomas are the most common tumors at jugular foramen and pose a great surgical challenge. Careful clinical history and physical examination must be performed to adequately evaluate neurological deficits and its chronologic evolution, also to delineate an overview of the patient performance status. Complete imaging evaluation including MRI and CT scans should be performed, and angiography is a must to depict tumor blood supply and sigmoid sinus/internal jugular vein patency.

Association of neutrophil extracellular trap levels with Raynaud's phenomenon, glomerulonephritis and disease index score in SLE patients from Brazil.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are cell-extruded DNA strands coated with neutrophils' nuclear proteins and enzymes from cytotoxic granules, produced by NETosis, a cell death pathway. They perform an important defensive role in innate immunity, but their increased production and/or inefficient degradation expose new antigens, such as DNA or citrullinated histone peptides, triggering autoimmunity. This study aimed to access possible associations between serum NETs levels with epidemiological, clinical, and serological data from a well-characterized SLE Brazilian patients' cohort.

Ultrasonographic and power doppler parameters of nails fail to differentiate between onychodystrophy in patients with psoriasis vulgaris or psoriatic arthritis.

Background: Nail involvement is frequent in patients with psoriasis (Pso) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and there is a relationship between nail involvement and inflammation of the enthesis. The main objective of the present study is to describe the ultrasound findings and clinical characteristics of nails from patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with and without nail dystrophy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including consecutive patients with PsO and PsA was carried out.

Cranioplasty with Direct Revascularization in Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Moyamoya disease is a progressive nonatherosclerotic stenosis of the terminal segments of the arteries of the Circle of Willis. Hemorrhagic presentation is a life-threatening condition, associated with an increased risk of rebleeding and ischemic events. We present the case of a 65-year-old woman with a right intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent emergency hematoma evacuation without bone flap replacement (Video 1).

Prevalence of positive tuberculin skin test in a Brazilian sample of rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthritis patients.

Objective: Patients with rheumatic diseases have an increased risk of infections, especially tuberculosis. In this study, we aimed to recognize the positivity rate of tuberculosis skin test in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis and the characteristics of the patients with positive results.

Methods: Retrospective study of tuberculosis skin test results in patients followed from 2004 to 2021 in a single rheumatology unit.

Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Advanced Papillary Renal-Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Papillary subtypes of renal-cell carcinoma (pRCC) represent 10-15% of the cases and commonly have MET alterations. This systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis evaluated MET inhibitor therapy (METi) efficacy and safety in adults with confirmed advanced pRCC. The search strategy included PubMed, Web-of-science, Cochrane, and Scopus.

PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus carboplatin and paclitaxel compared with carboplatin and paclitaxel in primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Paclitaxel and carboplatin is the standard chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. However, the benefit of adding programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors to chemotherapy is still unclear.

Method: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials that investigated PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus carboplatin and paclitaxel compared with carboplatin and paclitaxel in primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer.