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Intravenous nonopioid analgesic drugs in chronic low back pain patients on chronic opioid treatment: a crossover, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
Eur J Anaesthesiol
January 2014
From the Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management (LW, MZ, GA, GS), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical University Vienna (TP-S), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Evangelical Hospital Vienna (SK-L), Vienna, Austria.
Background: Addition of nonopioid analgesic drugs reduces pain and opioid requirements in acute low back pain. In noncancer chronic low back pain (CLBP), the efficacy of a combined regimen to reduce breakthrough pain has not been proven so far.
Objective: Evaluation of the effects of intravenous (i.