Genomic Characterization and Prognostic Significance of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Low, Hormone Receptor-Positive, Early Breast Cancers From the BIG 1-98 and SOFT Clinical Trials.

Purpose: To investigate whether hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low (HR+HER2-low) versus HR+HER2-zero early breast cancers have distinct genomic and clinical characteristics.

Methods: This study included HR+, HER2-negative early breast cancers from patients enrolled in the phase III, randomized BIG 1-98 and SOFT clinical trials that had undergone tumor genomic sequencing. Tumors were classified HR+HER2-low if they had a centrally reviewed HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 1+ or 2+ with negative in situ hybridization and HR+HER2-zero if they had an HER2 IHC score of 0.

Effective Dose Estimation in Computed Tomography by Machine Learning.

Background: Computed tomography scans are widely used in everyday medical practice due to speed, image reliability, and detectability of a wide range of pathologies. Each scan exposes the patient to a radiation dose, and performing a fast estimation of the effective dose (E) is an important step for radiological safety. The aim of this work is to estimate E from patient and CT acquisition parameters in the absence of a dose-tracking software exploiting machine learning.

Urethra-sparing prostate cancer radiotherapy: Current practices and future insights from an international survey.

Purpose: In prostate cancer patients, high radiation doses to the urethra have been associated with an increased risk of severe genitourinary toxicity following dose-escalated radiotherapy. Urethra-sparing techniques have emerged as a promising approach to reduce urinary toxicity. This international survey aims to evaluate current global practices in urethra-sparing and explore future directions for the implementation of this technique in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer.

Case report: Illustrating associated malignancies in Paget's disease using contrast-enhanced mammography.

Introduction: The following presentation explores the diagnostic potential of Contrast-Enhanced Mammography (CEM) in evaluating and managing Paget's Disease (PD) of the breast, particularly as an alternative or complementary tool to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in cases where MRI is contraindicated or inconclusive.

Clinical Cases: Two clinical cases of PD diagnosed at our Breast Imaging Division between January and May 2024 were analyzed using CEM. These cases involved imaging techniques, including Digital Mammography (DM), Breast Ultrasound (US), MRI and CEM, alongside histopathological confirmation through nipple-areolar complex (NAC) punch biopsies.

A straightforward method for assessing the technical image quality of reconstructed and synthetic 2D images for Digital breast tomosynthesis systems.

Purpose: Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) is an advanced mammography technique for which there are currently no internationally agreed methods and reference values for image quality assessment. The aim of this multicentre study was to evaluate a simple method to assess the technical image quality of reconstructed and synthetic 2D (SM) images of different models of DBT systems using commercially available phantoms.

Methods: The signal difference to noise ratio (SDNR) was chosen as an index of technical image quality and was evaluated for three commercial phantoms, Tomophan, Tormam and CIRS model 015, on 55 DBT systems (six vendors, nine models).

High CDC20 levels increase sensitivity of cancer cells to MPS1 inhibitors.

Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibitors are a recently developed class of drugs, which perturb chromosome segregation during cell division, induce chromosomal instability (CIN), and eventually lead to cell death. The molecular features that determine cellular sensitivity to these drugs are not fully understood. We recently reported that aneuploid cancer cells are preferentially sensitive to SAC inhibition.

The Implementation of Decision Aids During Medical Consultations for Lung Cancer Patients: A Focus Group Within I3LUNG Project.

Lung cancer patients generally receive several information regarding their illness characteristics and available intervention. Therefore, patients can experience confusion, leading to anxiety and distress that might damage the relationship with physicians and treatment adherence. Literature showed that implementing decision aid tools during consultation can promote patients' knowledge and awareness about lung cancer and available oncological intervention, improving a shared decision-making process.

promoter hypermethylation and Lynch Syndrome: When to test for constitutional epimutations of gene?

Lynch syndrome is a genetic condition predisposing to cancer, particularly colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer, due to germline mutations in MisMatch Repair genes. More rarely, Lynch syndrome is the result of a constitutional promoter methylation. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of this epigenetic mechanism in the Lynch syndrome.

Development of an AI model for predicting hypoxia status and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer using multi-modal data.

Background: Prognosis prediction is crucial for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment planning. While tumor hypoxia significantly impacts patient outcomes, identifying hypoxic genomic markers remains challenging. This study sought to identify hypoxic computed tomography (CT) radiomic features and create an artificial intelligence (AI) model for NSCLC through the integration of multi-modal data.

In-Hospital Outcomes after Robotic Open Radical Nephroureterectomy.

To test whether the contemporary robot-assisted nephroureterectomy (RNU) is associated with more favorable in-hospital outcomes than historical RNU, relative to the same endpoints in open NU (ONU). Within the National Inpatient Sample (2008-2019), we identified RNU and ONU patients. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression models were fitted.

Mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotypes across solid tumors: A comprehensive cBioPortal study on prevalence and prognostic impact.

Mismatch repair deficiency (MMR-d) and microsatellite instability (MSI) are prognostic and predictive biomarkers in oncology. Current testing for MMR/MSI relies on immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MMR proteins and molecular assays for MSI detection. This combined diagnostic strategy, however, lacks tumor specificity and does not account for gene variants.

Cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy versus radiotherapy in incidental prostate cancer.

Introduction: To test for cancer specific mortality (CSM) differences after either radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT) in incidental prostate cancer (IPCa) patients.

Patients And Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004-2015), IPCa patients were identified. Cumulative incidence plots as well as competing risks regression (CRR) models were fitted to address CSM after adjustment for other-cause mortality (OCM).

Advancing treatment choices: CDK4/6 inhibitor switching in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer.

Purpose: CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) use has revolutionized the treatment of hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer. The choice of a specific CDK4/6i may be influenced by adverse events (AEs). Recently, the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) approved the possibility of switching between CDK4/6i for unacceptable toxicity.

Molecular clustering on ctDNA improves the prognostic stratification of DLBCL patients compared to ctDNA levels.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels can help predict outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but its integration with DLBCL molecular clusters remains unexplored. Using the LymphGen tool in 77 DLBCL with both ctDNA and tissue biopsy, a 95.8% concordance rate in molecular cluster assignment was observed, showing the reproducibility of molecular clustering on ctDNA.

A randomised phase III study of bevacizumab and carboplatin-pemetrexed chemotherapy with or without atezolizumab, as first-line treatment for advanced pleural mesothelioma: results of the ETOP 13 18 BEAT-meso trial.

Background: The currently approved frontline treatments for diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM) are ipilimumab-nivolumab or platinum-pemetrexed. The addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy improves overall survival (OS). While single-agent immunotherapy or chemotherapy-immunotherapy combinations are superior to chemotherapy monotherapy, there is a potential for synergistic triple combination of chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and immunotherapy.

Clinical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Framework of mHSPC and nmCRPC: A Multidisciplinary Consensus Project of the Italian Society for Uro-Oncology (SIUrO).

The recent evidences provided in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (nmHSPC) and in nonmetastatic castration resistant (nmCRPC) introduced the possibility to adopt Androgen Receptor Signaling inhibitor (ARSi) alone (both settings) or with chemotherapy (in mHSPC). In daily clinical practice there are some opening questions regarding the inclusion of next generation imaging, mainly PSMA-PET, how integrate local treatment as radiotherapy, how to select patients or drugs in a multiple-choice scenario, and how to manage patients with comorbidities and polypharmacy. These issues led the Italian Society for Uro-Oncology (SIUrO) to develop a consensus project involving all of the most important Italian scientific societies engaged in the multidisciplinary and multiprofessional management of the disease.

A conserved switch to less catalytically active Polycomb repressive complexes in non-dividing cells.

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), composed of the core subunits EED, SUZ12, and either EZH1 or EZH2, is critical for maintaining cellular identity in multicellular organisms. PRC2 deposits H3K27me3, which is thought to recruit the canonical form of PRC1 (cPRC1) to promote gene repression. Here, we show that EZH1-PRC2 and cPRC1 are the primary Polycomb complexes on target genes in non-dividing, quiescent cells.

Cervical stromal invasion and molecular characterization in stage II-IV endometrial cancers.

Objective: The optimal treatment for patients with cervical stromal invasion (CSI) in endometrial cancer (EC) remains unclear. We aimed to test the prognostic role of molecular classification in EC patients with CSI.

Methods: A retrospective, multicenter review of EC patients with CSI was performed.

Interim-PET predicts progression-free survival in stage IV Hodgkin lymphoma treated with upfront brentuximab vedotin-AVD.

Brentuximab vedotin (BV) plus doxorubicin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (AVD) demonstrated to improve survival compared to ABVD as frontline treatment of advanced stage Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). We retrospectively collected data of 99 stage IV HL patients treated off-protocol with BV-AVD to evaluate the predictive role of interim-PET. Median age was 36 years (range: 18-82); 83.

The Role of Incentive Spirometry in Enhanced Recovery After Lung Cancer Resection: A Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Postoperative physiotherapy is a cornerstone of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs, especially following lung resection. Despite its importance, the literature lacks clear recommendations and guidelines, particularly regarding the role of incentive spirometry (IS). This study aims to determine whether incentive spirometry offers additional benefits over early ambulation alone in patients undergoing lung resection for primary lung cancer.

Raising the bar: evaluating quality and consistency in clinical guidelines for surgical management of pulmonary carcinoid.

Leading societies have established guidelines that vary significantly regarding recommendations for the surgical management of pulmonary carcinoids (PC). We aimed to assess current guidelines and recommendations for PC surgical management, benchmark their methodological quality, and identify factors that may influence their effectiveness in guiding surgical practice. Literature was sought to identify relevant guidelines for the management of PC.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor discontinuation in non-allografted Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients: a Campus ALL real-life study.

Not available.