Personalised Ecology.

The field of ecology has focused on understanding characteristics of natural systems in a manner as free as possible from biases of human observers. However, demand is growing for knowledge of human-nature interactions at the level of individual people. This is particularly driven by concerns around human health consequences due to changes in positive and negative interactions.

Cancer risk in socially marginalised women: An exploratory study.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of premature death in women worldwide, and is associated with socio-economic disadvantage. Yet many interventions designed to reduce risk and improve health fail to reach the most marginalised with the greatest needs. Our study focused on socially marginalised women at two women's centres that provide support and training to women in the judicial system or who have experienced domestic abuse.

We can guide search by a set of colors, but are reluctant to do it.

For some real-world color searches, the target colors are not precisely known, and any item within a range of color values should be attended. Thus, a target representation that captures multiple similar colors would be advantageous. If such a multicolor search is possible, then search for two targets (e.

Making the Case for "Whole System" Approaches: Integrating Public Health and Housing.

Housing conditions have been an enduring focus for public health activity throughout the modern public health era. However, the nature of the housing and health challenge has changed in response to an evolution in the understanding of the diverse factors influencing public health. Today, the traditional public health emphasis on the type and quality of housing merges with other wider determinants of health.

Extreme heat-related mortality avoided under Paris Agreement goals.

In key European cities, stabilizing climate warming at 1.5 °C would decrease extreme heat-related mortality by 15-22% per summer compared with stabilization at 2 °C.

'Hopeful adaptation' in health geographies: Seeking health and wellbeing in times of adversity.

Living with adversity can create wide-ranging challenges for people's health and wellbeing. This adversity may arise through personal embodied difference (e.g.

Heatwave and health impact research: A global review.

Background: Observed increases in the frequency and intensity of heatwave events, together with the projected acceleration of these events worldwide, has led to a rapid expansion in research on the health impacts of extreme heat.

Objective: To examine how research on heatwaves and their health-related impact is distributed globally.

Methods: A systematic review was undertaken.

Pathogen seasonality and links with weather in England and Wales: a big data time series analysis.

Background: Many infectious diseases of public health importance display annual seasonal patterns in their incidence. We aimed to systematically document the seasonality of several human infectious disease pathogens in England and Wales, highlighting those organisms that appear weather-sensitive and therefore may be influenced by climate change in the future.

Methods: Data on infections in England and Wales from 1989 to 2014 were extracted from the Public Health England (PHE) SGSS surveillance database.

Defining the process to literature searching in systematic reviews: a literature review of guidance and supporting studies.

Background: Systematic literature searching is recognised as a critical component of the systematic review process. It involves a systematic search for studies and aims for a transparent report of study identification, leaving readers clear about what was done to identify studies, and how the findings of the review are situated in the relevant evidence. Information specialists and review teams appear to work from a shared and tacit model of the literature search process.

Perceived cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: Perceived stress and sleep quality as mediators.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disorder marked by inflammation of the central nervous system, is associated with a myriad of symptoms. Individuals with MS are more likely to experience depressive symptoms, perhaps due to perceived cognitive impairments. Thus, we aimed to explore perceived stress and sleep deficits as potential mediators of the association between perceived cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms.

Carbapenem resistance in bacteria isolated from soil and water environments in Algeria.

Objectives: Recent research has demonstrated that natural populations of bacteria carry large numbers of mobile genetic elements that may harbour antibiotic resistance determinants. This study aimed to investigate carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from natural environments in Béjaïa (Algeria) and to determine the horizontal gene transfer potential of a subset of these antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs).

Methods: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were isolated and the host was identified using MALDI-TOF/MS and 16S rRNA sequencing.

Novel Insights into Selection for Antibiotic Resistance in Complex Microbial Communities.

Recent research has demonstrated that selection for antibiotic resistance occurs at very low antibiotic concentrations in single-species experiments, but the relevance of these findings when species are embedded in complex microbial communities is unclear. We show that the strength of selection for naturally occurring resistance alleles in a complex community remains constant from low subinhibitory to above clinically relevant concentrations. Selection increases with antibiotic concentration before reaching a plateau where selection remains constant over a 2-order-magnitude concentration range.

'Who Cares?' The experiences of caregivers of adults living with heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease: a mixed methods systematic review.

Objective: To assess the experiences of unpaid caregivers providing care to people with heart failure (HF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or coronary artery disease (CAD). Mixed methods systematic review including qualitative and quantitative studies. Databases searched: Medline Ebsco, PsycInfo, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Embase, Web of Science, Ethos: The British Library and ProQuest.

The INHERIT Model: A Tool to Jointly Improve Health, Environmental Sustainability and Health Equity through Behavior and Lifestyle Change.

The need for analysis and action across the interrelated domains of human behaviors and lifestyles, environmental sustainability, health and inequality is increasingly apparent. Currently, these areas are often not considered in conjunction when developing policies or interventions, introducing the potential for suboptimal or conflicting outcomes. The INHERIT model has been developed within the EU-funded project INHERIT as a tool to guide thinking and intersectoral action towards changing the behaviors and lifestyles that play such an important role in today’s multidisciplinary challenges.

Association of Infant Eczema with Childhood and Adult Asthma: Analysis of Data from the 1958 Birth Cohort Study.

The influence of early life exposures on later life disease has for some time provided clues to modifiable risk factors of disease. The “atopic march” is thought to play a role in the progression of allergic diseases and may offer an opportunity to lower asthma’s health and socioeconomic burden, although evidence remains controversial. We aimed to examine the relationship between early life eczema and asthma later in life.

Antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: an updated and expanded meta-ethnography.

Background: Reducing unnecessary prescribing remains a key priority for tackling the global rise of antibiotic-resistant infections.

Aim: The authors sought to update a 2011 qualitative synthesis of GPs' experiences of antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), including their views of interventions aimed at more prudent prescribing. They expanded the original scope to encompass all primary care professionals (PCPs) who can prescribe or dispense antibiotics for ARTIs (for example, nurses and pharmacists).

Association between Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels and the Prevalence of Adult-Onset Asthma.

The major circulating metabolite of vitamin D (25(OH)D) has been implicated in the pathogenesis for atopic dermatitis, asthma and other allergic diseases due to downstream immunomodulatory effects. However, a consistent association between 25(OH)D and asthma during adulthood has yet to be found in observational studies. We aimed to test the association between 25(OH)D and asthma during adulthood and hypothesised that this association would be stronger in non-atopic participants.

Critical knowledge gaps and research needs related to the environmental dimensions of antibiotic resistance.

There is growing understanding that the environment plays an important role both in the transmission of antibiotic resistant pathogens and in their evolution. Accordingly, researchers and stakeholders world-wide seek to further explore the mechanisms and drivers involved, quantify risks and identify suitable interventions. There is a clear value in establishing research needs and coordinating efforts within and across nations in order to best tackle this global challenge.

A comparison of weather variables linked to infectious disease patterns using laboratory addresses and patient residence addresses.

Background: To understand the impact of weather on infectious diseases, information on weather parameters at patient locations is needed, but this is not always accessible due to confidentiality or data availability. Weather parameters at nearby locations are often used as a proxy, but the accuracy of this practice is not known.

Methods: Daily Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium cases across England and Wales were linked to local temperature and rainfall at the residence postcodes of the patients and at the corresponding postcodes of the laboratory where the patient's specimen was tested.

Hepatitis E seroprevalence in the Americas: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: While hepatitis E virus infections are a relevant topic in Europe, knowledge about epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infections in the USA and Latin America is still limited. Aim of this study was to estimate anti-hepatitis E virus IgG seroprevalence in the Americas and to assess whether low socioeconomic status is associated with hepatitis E virus exposure.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis.