The Effect of including a Mixed-Enzyme Product in Broiler Diets on Performance, Metabolizable Energy, Phosphorus and Calcium Retention.

The importance of enzymes in the poultry industry is ever increasing because they help to extract as many nutrients as possible from the raw material available and reduce environmental impacts. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to examine the effect of a natural enzyme complex (ASC) on diets low in AME, Ca and P. Male Ross 308 broilers ( = 900) were fed one of four diets: (1) positive control (PC) with no enzyme added (AME 12.

Skin and eye irritancy assessment of six lactic acid bacteria strains.

Here we investigate the suitability of in vitro models to assess the skin and eye irritation potential of six microbial strains. Acute skin irritation was tested according to the unmodified and modified OECD test guideline (OECD TG) 439, while acute eye irritation was examined using the OECD TG 491 and 492. The OECD TG 439 guideline, modified to introduce 8-10 μg/mL of streptomycin during the recovery phase and use of test items containing 100% microbial product instead of finished formulae, was found to be suitable for skin irritation evaluation.

ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a method for the determination of mineral chelation in high concentration manganese and zinc proteinates used as animal feed additives.

Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is an essential tool for the determination of mineral chelation in proteinates used as animal feed additives. With advances in feed formulations and stringent regulatory requirements to confirm the degree of chelation in animal feed supplements, the aim of this work was to further refine the method and demonstrate its applicability to newly formulated, higher concentration (20% (w/w)) manganese and zinc proteinates of industrial relevance. Calibration and prediction models were created using multivariate analysis with R > 0.

Effect of Mannan-rich fraction supplementation on commercial broiler intestinum tenue and cecum microbiota.

Background: The broiler gastrointestinal microbiome is a potent flock performance modulator yet may also serve as a reservoir for pathogen entry into the food chain. The goal of this project was to characterise the effect of mannan rich fraction (MRF) supplementation on microbiome diversity and composition of the intestinum tenue and cecum of commercial broilers. This study also aimed to address some of the intrinsic biases that exist in microbiome studies which arise due to the extensive disparity in 16S rRNA gene copy numbers between bacterial species and due to large intersample variation.

Shooting hoops: globetrotting plasmids spreading more than just antimicrobial resistance genes across One Health.

Our study provides novel insights into the global nature of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) plasmids across the food chain. We provide compelling evidence of the globetrotting nature of AMR plasmids and the need for surveillance to sequence plasmids with a template of analyses for others to expand these data. The AMR plasmids analysed were detected in 63 countries and in samples from humans, animals and the environment.

Gene expression profiling of copper-resistant Caco-2 clones.

The Caco-2 cell line is composed of a heterogeneous mix of cells; isolation of individual clonal populations from this mix allows for specific mechanisms and phenotypes to be further explored. Previously we exposed Caco-2 cells to inorganic copper sulphate or organic copper proteinate to generate resistant variant populations. Here we describe the isolation and characterisation of clonal subpopulations from these resistant variants to organic (clone Or1, Or2, Or3) or inorganic (clone In1 and In2) copper.

LC-MS proteomic profiling of Caco-2 human intestinal cells exposed to the copper-chelating agent, triethylenetetramine: A preliminary study.

Homeostasis of metal micronutrients such as copper is tightly regulated to ensure deficiency does not occur while restricting damage resulting from excess accumulation. Using LC-MS the effect on the proteome of intestinal Caco-2 cells of exposure to the chelator triethylenetetramine (TETA) was investigated. Continuous exposure of TETA at 25 μM to Caco-2 cells caused decreased cell yields and morphological changes.

Characterisation and proteomic profiling of continuously exposed Cu-resistant variants of the Caco-2 cell line.

Studies in hepatic systems identify multiple factors involved in the generation of copper resistance. As the intestine is the route of exposure to dietary copper, we wanted to understand how intestinal cells overcome the toxic effects of high copper and what mechanisms of resistance develop. Using the intestinal cell line Caco-2, resistance was developed by serial subculture in 50 μM copper in inorganic (CuSO) or organic (Cu proteinate) forms.

A Microbial Fermentation Mixture Primes for Resistance Against Powdery Mildew in Wheat.

Since many fungal pathogens develop resistance to fungicides, novel and low-cost alternative methods to improve plant health and fitness need to be developed. An approach to improve productivity in crops is to stimulate the plant's own defence mechanisms priming. Therefore, we investigated if a fermentation-based elicitor could prime plant defences against powdery mildew in wheat by inducing the expression of endogenous defence-related genes.

Whole-Life or Fattening Period Only Broiler Feeding Strategies Achieve Similar Levels of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Enrichment Using the DHA-Rich Protist, .

The fatty acid composition of broiler chicken tissues can be increased by adding omega-3 rich ingredients to their diets. The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of tissue enrichment observed following the supplementation of broilers with the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich protist, (AURA) for their whole life (42 days) or for the final 21-day fattening period. Day-old chicks (n = 350) were distributed among 35 pens (10 birds per pen) with each pen randomly assigned to one of five treatments: Control; 0.

Heterotrophic sp. supplementation to layer diets sustainably increases the omega-3 concentration of eggs.

1. The consumption of adequate amounts of the long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (-3 LC-PUFA) has been associated with beneficial effects on human health. Eggs are commonly consumed worldwide, and their omega-3 content can be easily altered by changing the diets of laying hens and so represent an important target for enrichment.

Redressing the balance: including DHA-rich in broiler diets increases tissue omega-3 fatty acid content and lowers the n-6:n-3 ratio.

1. The consumption of sufficient quantities of long chain omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) from meat and other animal products can lead to a variety of health benefits in humans. The fatty acid content of poultry meat can be increased by feeding birds ingredients that are rich in n-3 LCFUFA 2.

Tolerance of Broilers to Dietary Supplementation with High Levels of the DHA-Rich Microalga, : Effects on Health and Productivity.

It is well established that the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of commonly consumed meats, such as chicken, can be increased through dietary supplementation with DHA-rich ingredients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the tolerance of broilers to dietary supplementation with the unextracted biomass of a DHA-rich microalgae , so as to ensure its safety, since it is accumulated in broiler meat. Healthy day-old male Ross 308 chicks ( = 1120) were evenly distributed to 32 pens (35 chicks per pen), with pens randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments, each having eight replicates.

A Comparison of Methods for the Extraction of Plasmids Capable of Conferring Antibiotic Resistance in a Human Pathogen From Complex Broiler Cecal Samples.

The direct extraction of plasmid DNA containing antibiotic resistance genes from complex samples is imperative when studying plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance from a One Health perspective, in order to obtain a wide representation of all the resistance plasmids present in these microbial communities. There are also relatively few bacterial species from natural environments which can be cultured . Extracting plasmids from the cultivable fraction of these complex microbiomes may only represent a fraction of the total antibiotic resistance plasmids present.

Effects of a DHA-rich unextracted microalgae as a dietary supplement on performance, carcass traits and meat fatty acid profile in growing-finishing pigs.

Two 125-day experiments of the same design were conducted to evaluate the effects of a heterotrophically grown microalgae (AURA) containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on pig performance, carcass traits and the fatty acid composition of lean and adipose tissue. In each experiment, 144 Hypor pigs were blocked by sex, allocated to three treatment groups, and fed 0, 0.25% or 0.

Dietary supplementation of finishing pigs with the docosahexaenoic acid-rich microalgae, : effects on performance, carcass characteristics and tissue fatty acid profile.

Objective: The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich microalgae, (AURA) on pig performance, carcass traits, and the fatty acid composition of pork (LL) and backfat.

Methods: A total of 144 Pig Improvement Company (PIC)×Goland finishing pigs (72 females and 72 castrated males) of mean weight 117.1 (±13.

The effect of dietary supplementation with Aurantiochytrium limacinum on lactating dairy cows in terms of animal health, productivity and milk composition.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich microalgae, Aurantiochytrium limacinum (AURA), on a variety of health and productivity parameters in lactating cows. Twenty-four cows were blocked by parity and number of days in milk and then randomly assigned to a control (CON; n = 12) group with no algal supplementation, or a treatment group (AURA; n = 12) provided with 100 g AURA cow  day or 16 g DHA cow  day . A variety of health and productivity measurements were taken, and results indicated that supplementation had no negative effects on animal health in terms of somatic cell count, haematological and biochemical blood parameters, while body condition was marginally improved by algal supplementation.

Quantitative assessment of copper proteinates used as animal feed additives using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis.

The aim of the present work was to establish a reliable analytical method to determine the degree of complexation in commercial metal proteinates used as feed additives in the solid state. Two complementary techniques were developed. Firstly, a quantitative attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic method investigated modifications in vibrational absorption bands of the ligand on complex formation.

Trace element inhibition of phytase activity.

Nowadays, 70 % of global monogastric feeds contains an exogenous phytase. Phytase supplementation has enabled a more efficient utilisation of phytate phosphorous (P) and reduction of P pollution. Trace minerals, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) are essential for maintaining health and immunity as well as being involved in animal growth, production and reproduction.