Loss of hepatic DRP1 exacerbates alcoholic hepatitis by inducing megamitochondria and mitochondrial maladaptation.

Background And Aims: Increased megamitochondria formation and impaired mitophagy in hepatocytes have been linked to the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This study aims to determine the mechanisms by which alcohol consumption increases megamitochondria formation in the pathogenesis of ALD.

Approach And Results: Human alcoholic hepatitis (AH) liver samples were used for electron microscopy, histology, and biochemical analysis.

Bacteriophage-antibiotic combination therapy for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: In vitro synergy testing.

Aims: Here, we investigate the impact of phage-antibiotic combinations (PAC) on bacterial killing, resistance development and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) production in multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa.

Methods And Results: After screening 10 well-characterized MDR P.

A cancer-associated RNA polymerase III identity drives robust transcription and expression of snaR-A noncoding RNA.

RNA polymerase III (Pol III) includes two alternate isoforms, defined by mutually exclusive incorporation of subunit POLR3G (RPC7α) or POLR3GL (RPC7β), in mammals. The contributions of POLR3G and POLR3GL to transcription potential has remained poorly defined. Here, we discover that loss of subunit POLR3G is accompanied by a restricted repertoire of genes transcribed by Pol III.

Arsenic Activates the ER Stress-Associated Unfolded Protein Response via the Activating Transcription Factor 6 in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells.

Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen associated with a number of cancers, including lung cancers. We have previously shown that long-term exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration of inorganic arsenic (As) leads to the malignant transformation of the BEAS2B cells, and some of the transformed cells show cancer stem-like features (CSCs) with a significant upregulation of glycolysis and downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In the present report, we investigate the short-term effect of As on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response-the "unfolded protein response (UPR)" and metabolism in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B cells.

Real-World, Multicenter Case Series of Patients Treated with Oral Omadacycline for Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens.

Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria have been associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and have limited treatment options available. Omadacycline (OMC) is an aminomethylcycline antibiotic that has been shown to exhibit broad in vitro activity against antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Given the lack of real-world data, the primary objective of our report was to describe early experience with OMC for the treatment of resistant Gram-negative infections.

Clinical Characteristics Associated with Bacterial Bloodstream Coinfection in COVID-19.

Introduction: Inappropriate antibiotic use in COVID-19 is often due to treatment of presumed bacterial coinfection. Predictive factors to distinguish COVID-19 from COVID-19 with bacterial coinfection or bloodstream infection are limited.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 595 COVID-19 patients admitted between March 8, 2020, and April 4, 2020, to describe factors associated with a bacterial bloodstream coinfection (BSI).

Pharmacist-Driven Transitions of Care Practice Model for Prescribing Oral Antimicrobials at Hospital Discharge.

Importance: Although prescribers face numerous patient-centered challenges during transitions of care (TOC) at hospital discharge, prolonged duration of antimicrobial therapy for common infections remains problematic, and resources are needed for antimicrobial stewardship throughout this period.

Objective: To evaluate a pharmacist-driven intervention designed to improve selection and duration of oral antimicrobial therapy prescribed at hospital discharge for common infections.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This quality improvement study used a nonrandomized stepped-wedge design with 3 study phases from September 1, 2018, to August 31, 2019.

Tezepelumab in the Treatment of Uncontrolled Severe Asthma.

Objective: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of subcutaneous tezepelumab in the treatment of severe uncontrolled asthma.

Data Sources: The PubMed database and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the following terms: , , , and .

Management of Venous Thromboembolism in Morbid Obesity With Rivaroxaban or Warfarin.

Background: Rivaroxaban is a first-line option for the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, limited data are available regarding its effectiveness in morbidly obese patients.

Objective: To evaluate rates of thrombosis and bleeding in morbidly obese patients receiving rivaroxaban or warfarin for VTE.

Controlling Immunoregulatory Cell Activity for Effective Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer.

Recently, it has become clear that a prerequisite requirement for most cancer therapies is controlling the negative impact of the activity of immunosuppressory cell populations. It is therefore of a considerable interest to develop treatments for containing the operation of major myeloid and lymphoid immunoregulatory cell populations. We have reported that acid ceramidase inhibitor LCL521 effectively overrides the activity of immunoregulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) engaged in the context of tumor response to photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Importance of pharmacist-patient relationship in people living with HIV and concomitant opioid use disorder.

Background: PLWHA commonly suffer from chronic pain that is often treated with opioids, leading to subsequent opiate use disorders. As the majority of Americans live in close proximity to a pharmacy, community pharmacists are well equipped to interact with PLWHA. Few data quantify the needs of PLWHA with OUD, or how they utilize community pharmacists.

Recent Advances in the Development of Non-PIKKs Targeting Small Molecule Inhibitors of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair.

The vast majority of cancer patients receive DNA-damaging drugs or ionizing radiation (IR) during their course of treatment, yet the efficacy of these therapies is tempered by DNA repair and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways. Aberrations in DNA repair and the DDR are observed in many cancer subtypes and can promote carcinogenesis, genomic instability, and ensuing resistance to current cancer therapy. Additionally, stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks present a unique challenge to the double-strand DNA break (DSB) repair system.

Initiating Primary Care Services when the World Is Paused: Lessons for Pharmacists in the Post-COVID-19 Era.

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted primary care and required pharmacists to adapt when implementing primary care services. Many lessons learned through this process are applicable in the post-pandemic era. First, primary care pharmacists must prepare for an ever-changing role and communicate with stakeholders to align with shifting institutional priorities.

A Qualitative Analysis of Older Adults' Views of Healthcare Provider Attributes and Communication Skills.

Understanding factors that improve patients' healthcare experiences are essential for healthcare providers (HCPs) caring for older adults (OAs). Previous data supports that effective patient-centered care leads to a better understanding of patients' experiences, values, and preferences. The aim of this study was to evaluate OAs views of HCPs attributes and communication skills to better understand patient's views about their HCP interactions.

Corrigendum: Molecular Serotype-Specific Identification of Non-type b by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.

CARD9 Mediates Pancreatic Islet Beta-Cell Dysfunction Under the Duress of Hyperglycemic Stress.

Background/aims: Published evidence implicates Caspase recruitment domain containing protein 9 (CARD9) in innate immunity. Given its recently suggested roles in obesity and insulin resistance, we investigated its regulatory role(s) in the onset of islet beta cell dysfunction under chronic hyperglycemic (metabolic stress) conditions.

Methods: Islets from mouse pancreas were isolated by the collagenase digestion method.

Azithromycin Versus Beta-lactams in Hospitalized Patients with Acute Exacerbations of COPD.

Background: There is a lack of data comparing azithromycin to alternative antibiotic choices in managing COPD exacerbations, making appropriate antibiotic selection controversial.

Objective: To compare treatment failure in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) receiving azithromycin or beta-lactams.

Design: Retrospective, multicenter cohort study using logistic regression for multivariable analysis.

A scaffolded problem-based learning course for first-year pharmacy students.

Background And Purpose: There has been an increased use of active learning pedagogies in pharmacy curricula. Structured, complex pedagogies such as problem-based learning (PBL) may require rigorous training for students to be successful. We aim to describe the development and implementation of an introductory PBL course for first-year pharmacy students.

Remodeling to generate a highly immunogenic outer membrane vesicle vaccine against pneumonic plague.

Significance, the etiologic agent of plague, has been responsible for high mortality in several epidemics throughout human history. This plague bacillus has been used as a biological weapon during human history and is currently one of the deadliest biological threats. Currently, no licensed plague vaccines are available in the Western world.

A community-based, interdisciplinary approach to improving HPV vaccine uptake at a large urban public university.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this project was to pilot and determine the outcomes of a multi-faceted, interdisciplinary human papillomavirus awareness and vaccination campaign within a university community. Students, faculty, and staff of a large urban Midwest-based public university.

Methods: This consisted of five key interventions: promotion and outreach, volunteer training, patient education, access, and documentation.

An Unusual Cause of Adrenal Mass in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor.

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is an aggressive tumor that can arise from the malignant transformation of benign neurofibromas in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). MPNST occurs in 2% of patients with NF1, contributing to significant mortality in these patients. Here, we report the case of a 67-year-old female with a known history of neurofibromatosis type 1 who was referred to general surgery after the discovery of a large left-sided adrenal mass on CT imaging five months earlier.