Suppressing Tymovirus replication in plants using a variant of ubiquitin.

RNA viruses have evolved numerous strategies to overcome host resistance and immunity, including the use of multifunctional proteases that not only cleave viral polyproteins during virus replication but also deubiquitinate cellular proteins to suppress ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated antiviral mechanisms. Here, we report an approach to attenuate the infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus (TYMV) by suppressing the polyprotein cleavage and deubiquitination activities of the TYMV protease (PRO). Performing selections using a library of phage-displayed Ub variants (UbVs) for binding to recombinant PRO yielded several UbVs that bound the viral protease with nanomolar affinities and blocked its function.

Contrasting habitat associations and ecophysiological adaptations drive interspecific growth differences among Himalayan high-mountain plants.

Background And Aims: Understanding interspecific differences in plant growth rates and their internal and external drivers is key to predicting species responses to ongoing environmental changes. Annual growth rates vary among plants based on their ecological preferences, growth forms, ecophysiological adaptations, and evolutionary history. However, the relative importance of these factors remains unclear, particularly in high-mountain ecosystems experiencing rapid changes.

Loss of increases type I interferon signalling and reduces pancreatic tumour growth by enhancing immune cell infiltration.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, and despite low incidence rates, it remains the sixth leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Immunotherapy, which aims to enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, has emerged as a promising approach in the battle against PDAC. PARP7, a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, is a negative regulator of the type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway and has been reported to reduce anti-tumour immunity.

Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Estonian Residents and Ukrainian Refugees in 2020 and 2022.

Objectives: We investigated the prevalence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 in Estonia in 2020 and 2022, and in Ukrainian war refugees living with HIV who arrived in Estonia in 2022.

Methods: HIV-1 genomic RNA was sequenced in protease-reverse transcriptase and integrase regions. DRMs were determined separately by Stanford University CPR Tool and HIVdb Program.

How can cervical screening meet the needs of vulnerable women? A qualitative comparative study with stakeholder perspectives from seven European countries.

Objective: This study explored and compared stakeholder perspectives on enhancements to cervical cancer screening for vulnerable women across seven European countries.

Design: In a series of Collaborative User Boards, stakeholders were invited to collaborate on identifying facilitators to improve cervical cancer screening.

Setting: This study was part of the CBIG-SCREEN project which is funded by the European Union and targets disparities in cervical cancer screening for vulnerable women (www.

Long-term exposure to air pollution and greenness in association with respiratory emergency room visits and hospitalizations: The Life-GAP project.

Background: Air pollution has been linked to respiratory diseases, while the effects of greenness remain inconclusive.

Objective: We investigated the associations between exposure to particulate matter (PM and PM), black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone (O), and greenness (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) with respiratory emergency room visits and hospitalizations across seven Northern European centers in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) study.

Methods: We used modified mixed-effects Poisson regression to analyze associations of exposure in 1990, 2000 and mean exposure 1990-2000 with respiratory outcomes recorded duing ECRHS phases II and III.

Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome.

The global increase of overweight and obesity in children and adults is one of the most prominent public health threats, often accompanied by insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The simultaneous occurrence of these health problems is referred to as metabolic syndrome. Various criteria have been proposed to define this syndrome, but no general consensus on the specific markers and the respective cut-offs has been achieved yet.

Medicinal Plant Use in North Karelia, Finland, in the 2010s.

Finnish North Karelia is a region with a rich cultural history of ethnomedicinal plant use, shaped by centuries of interactions among various ethnic groups. This study identified both similarities and divergences between local Finns, Karelians war refugees, and individuals of mixed origin compared to historical records. Based on 67 semi-structured interviews, we documented the use of 43 medicinal plant taxa from 25 families, of which 31 remain in use.

L. Herb Extracts: Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Activity Screening.

The genus (Lamiaceae family) comprises approximately 300 species, which are widely used in traditional medicine for their diaphoretic, antiseptic, hemostatic, and anti-inflammatory properties, but scarcely in official ones. Therefore, the study of holds promise for developing new medicinal products. In aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic soft extracts of the herb, 16 amino acids, 20 phenolics, and 10 volatile substances were identified by HPLC and GC/MS.

Graphene/TiO Heterostructure Integrated with a Micro-Lightplate for Low-Power NO Gas Detection.

Low-power gas sensors that can be used in IoT (Internet of Things) systems, consumer devices, and point-of-care devices will enable new applications in environmental monitoring and health protection. We fabricated a monolithic chemiresistive gas sensor by integrating a micro-lightplate with a 2D sensing material composed of single-layer graphene and monolayer-thick TiO. Applying ultraviolet (380 nm) light with quantum energy above the TiO bandgap effectively enhanced the sensor responses.

Interpenetrating Composites: A Nomenclature Dilemma.

Interpenetrating phase composites are a novel class of heterogeneous structures that have recently gained attention. In these types of composites, one of the phases is topologically continuous and can maintain its structural integrity even if the other phase is removed. These composites are generally fabricated by casting, where the reinforcement penetrates into the precursor matrix as a continuous phase.

The Effects of a Web-Based Need-Supportive Intervention for Physical Education Teachers on Students' Physical Activity and Related Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background/objectives: Globally, adolescents are insufficiently active, highlighting the need for effective strategies to enhance their activity levels. This study evaluated a web-based intervention program designed for physical education (PE) teachers, aimed at fostering students' basic psychological needs-autonomy, competence, and relatedness-in PE settings.

Methods: Secondary school PE teachers and their students were randomly assigned into either an experimental (teachers = 36; students = 463, Mage = 13.

Forensic analysis of an alleged improvised explosive device (IED) from a multidisciplinary perspective: Organisation and outcomes of the ENFSI 2023 exercise.

Interdisciplinary examination of test materials requires careful consideration of how forensic routines can influence each other. This influence can be direct and obvious, or indirect and subtle. A multidisciplinary collaborative exercise (MdCE) should test a forensic laboratory's ability to account for these difficulties.

Prevalence of FGFR2b Protein Overexpression in Advanced Gastric Cancers During Prescreening for the Phase III FORTITUDE-101 Trial.

Purpose: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 isoform IIIb (FGFR2b) protein overexpression is an emerging biomarker in gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC). We assessed FGFR2b protein overexpression prevalence in nearly 3,800 tumor samples as part of the prescreening process for a global phase III study in patients with newly diagnosed advanced or metastatic GC.

Methods: As of June 28, 2024, 3,782 tumor samples from prescreened patients from 37 countries for the phase III FORTITUDE-101 trial (ClinicalTrials.

Impact of preoperative frailty on outcomes in patients subjected to emergency laparotomy: a prospective study.

Purpose: Emergency laparotomy (EL) is a high-risk procedure, especially in frail patients. This study investigates the prevalence of frailty in referral facilities, evaluates the impact of frailty on postoperative morbidity and mortality, and assesses the long-term effect of EL on patients' functional status.

Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included patients aged 50 years and older who underwent EL.

Crustacean Zooplankton Ingestion of Potentially Toxic : In Situ Estimation Using Gene Gut Content Detection in a Large Temperate Eutrophic Lake.

Grazing by zooplankton can regulate bloom-forming cyanobacteria but can also transfer toxin-producing cells, as well as toxic metabolites, to the food web. While laboratory investigations have provided extensive knowledge on zooplankton and toxic cyanobacteria interactions, information on zooplankton feeding on toxin-producing cyanobacteria in natural water bodies remains scarce. In this study, we quantified -specific synthase genes from the gut contents of various cladoceran and copepod taxa to assess the in situ crustacean community and taxon-specific ingestion of potentially toxic in Lake Peipsi, a large eutrophic lake in Estonia, Northern Europe.

A novel framework for assessing causal effect of microbiome on health: long-term antibiotic usage as an instrument.

Assessing causality is undoubtedly one of the key questions in microbiome studies for the upcoming years. Since randomized trials in human subjects are often unethical or difficult to pursue, analytical methods to derive causal effects from observational data deserve attention. As simple covariate adjustment is not likely to account for all potential confounders, the idea of instrumental variable (IV) analysis is worth exploiting.

Systematic review of the needs and health-related quality of life domains relevant to people surviving cancer in Europe.

Purpose: To systematically review qualitative studies on outcomes, needs, experiences, preferences, concerns and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people surviving cancer in Europe in the last decade.

Methods: Protocol registered ( https://www.crd.

Judaism, Women's Health and COVID-19.

This issue commences with a review of the top 100 most cited papers in the Journal of Religion and Health. This is followed by Part 2 of a series examining Judaism and health related research, which is subsequently followed by an extensive collection of research specifically connected to women's health. Finally, research continues to present the unique and ongoing effects of COVID-19.

Survey of legislative frameworks and national recommendations governing paediatric maintenance haemodialysis in Europe.

Background: The application of international recommendations for paediatric maintenance haemodialysis (HD) could be strengthened by national laws or written recommendations. Our aim was therefore to describe the national rules governing paediatric maintenance HD in European countries.

Methods: A national representative, approved by the president of each paediatric nephrology society, was contacted in all 42 European countries to complete two online questionnaires.

Reversing Decline in Aging Muscles: Expected Trends, Impacts and Remedies.

: Age-related decline in musculoskeletal function is a significant concern, particularly in Western countries facing demographic shifts and increased healthcare demands. This review examines the typical trajectories of musculoskeletal deterioration with age and evaluates the effectiveness of various interventions in preventing or reversing these changes. : The review analyzes documented rates of decline across multiple parameters, including muscle mass, Type II muscle fiber reduction, and decreased motor unit firing rates.

Molecular mechanisms behind the anti corona virus activity of small metal oxide nanoparticles.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has set a strong quest for advanced understanding of possible tracks in abating and eliminating viral infections. In the view that several families of "pristine" small oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated viricidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, we studied the effect of two NPs, with presumably different reactivity, on two viruses aiming to evaluate two "primary suspect" routes of their antiviral activity, either specific blocking of surface proteins or causing membrane disruption. The chosen NPs were non-photoactive 3.

Dynamic Outlier Slicing Allows Broader Exploration of Adaptive Divergence: A Comparison of Individual Genome and Pool-Seq Data Linked to Humic Adaptation in Perch.

How genetic variation contributes to adaptation at different environments is a central focus in evolutionary biology. However, most free-living species still lack a comprehensive understanding of the primary molecular mechanisms of adaptation. Here, we characterised the targets of selection associated with drastically different aquatic environments-humic and clear water-in the common freshwater fish, Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis).

Whole blood transcriptome profile identifies motor neurone disease RNA biomarker signatures.

Blood-based biomarkers for motor neuron disease are needed for better diagnosis, progression prediction, and clinical trial monitoring. We used whole blood-derived total RNA and performed whole transcriptome analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in (motor neurone disease) MND patients to the control subjects. We compared 42 MND patients to 42 aged and sex-matched healthy controls and described the whole transcriptome profile characteristic for MND.