Determinants of sexual exposure to HIV in Portuguese and Brazilian adolescents: a path analysis.

Objective: to analyze the direct and indirect effects of determinants of sexual exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus among male adolescents who have sex with men and the implications for nursing care.

Method: cross-sectional study carried out with 578 Portuguese and Brazilian adolescents aged 18 and 19. Interrelationships of conjugal status, use of dating apps, practice of chemsex, unawareness, partner credibility, challenging sexual practices and ineffective forms of protection against sexual exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus were evaluated using the Path Analysis technique.

Concepts and issues related to adolescent health in nursing education.

Objective: analyze the structure of teaching programs and contents of the adolescent health and its development in nursing education.

Method: descriptive observational study conducted in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Data was collected by the Instrument for (self-)evaluation of the adolescent health and development component in undergraduate nursing programs, and investigated using descriptive statistics.

Safety and efficacy of roux-en-y gastric bypass in older aged patients.

Introduction: laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) has been a revolutionary intervention for weight loss with reduction of up to 60-70% of excess body weight. However, these outcomes are not as well validated at the extremes of age, where the safety of the intervention still has some caveats. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of primary LRYGB among different age groups.

[Adverse reactions to drugs used for COVID-19 in five Latin American countriesReações adversas a medicamentos utilizados para a COVID-19 em cinco países da América Latina].

Objective: Characterize and describe reports of suspected adverse reactions to a group of drugs used in Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico, and Peru to treat or prevent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) between 1 March and 31 August 2020.

Methods: A list of the 13 drugs used to treat or prevent COVID-19 was prepared, based on official and unofficial sources. Drawing on the databases of the national pharmacovigilance programs of the participating countries, reports of suspected adverse reactions to these drugs were collected for the period from 1 March and 31 August 2020.

[Economic and sanitary crisis and performance of health and insurance plans: similarities and singularities between Brazil and the United States].

The economic crisis that began in the United States in 2008 and its impact in Brazil starting in 2014 preceded the health crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering these three time intervals, this article analyzes the susceptibility of health plan and insurance companies to economic cycles of recession in Brazil and the United States. There is evidence of a relationship between periods of economic crisis and retraction of actions and services in national health systems.

[Implementation of the HEARTS Initiative in Argentina: initial resultsImplementação da Iniciativa HEARTS na Argentina: primeiros resultados].

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the Region of the Americas, and hypertension is one of the main risk factors. In 2018, Argentina began implementing the HEARTS Initiative in five primary health care centers, through the National Plan for the Prevention and Control of Arterial Hypertension. This study presents the impact its implementation has had on the indicators of effective coverage, treatment, combination therapy, and control.

Surgical capacity assessment in the state of Amazonas using the surgical assessment tool. Cross-sectional study.

Objective: Brazil is a country with universal health coverage, yet access to surgery among remote rural populations remains understudied. This study assesses surgical care capacity among hospitals providing care for the rural populations in the Amazonas state of Brazil through in-depth facility assessments.

Methods: a stratified randomized cross-sectional evaluation of hospitals that self-report providing surgical care in Amazonas was conducted from July 2016 to March 2017.

[Moving toward improved access to medicines and health technologies for cardiovascular diseaseAvançando para melhorar o acesso a medicamentos e tecnologias de saúde para as doenças cardiovasculares].

The objectives of this article are to describe the interventions carried out by the Strategic Fund of the Pan American Health Organization to facilitate access to and availability of antihypertensive drugs and devices for measuring blood pressure in the countries of the Region of the Americas, supporting implementation of the HEARTS initiative; and to present the preliminary results of price analyses of antihypertensive drugs.The study methodology included a review of reports made by the Strategic Fund during 2019-2020, evaluation of modalities of procurement, a review of the public procurement databases for five antihypertensive drugs, and a comparison with the price obtained by the Strategic Fund. Differences ranging from 20% to 99% were identified, indicating significant opportunities for savings.

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Objetivo: Describir el diseño, implementación y el perfil de los participantes de la Encuesta de Sexo Entre Hombres (ES Entre Hombres). Material y métodos. ES Entre Hombres es una encuesta en línea no probabilística aplicada a nivel nacional a hombres de 18 años o más, que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) y que usan internet.

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No disponible.

[Not Available].

No disponible.

Ocular contrapulsion followed by ipsipulsion in Wallenberg syndrome: The first case report in literature.

Wallenberg syndrome is also called lateral medullary syndrome, a neurological disorder resulting from occlusion of the vertebral artery or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The clinical presentations are associated with a variety of indications, including vestibulocerebellar symptoms, autonomic dysfunction and ipsilateral cerebellar signs. The ipsipulsion, an abnormality of the ocular movement associated with the Wallenberg syndrome, is more specific to the lateral medullary syndrome and is characterized by a tonic deviation of the eyes in the direction of the damaged side, more prominently when the visual fixation is interrupted.

Fibrosis quística: patogenia bacteriana y moduladores del CFTR (regulador de conductancia transmembranal de la fibrosis quística).

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). CFTR is a protein that transports ions across the membrane of lung epithelial cells. Loss of its function leads to the production of thick sticky mucus, where various bacterial pathogens can establish and adapt, contributing to the gradual loss of lung function.

[Prevalence and factors associated with subjective cognitive complaints in Latin American health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic].

An increase in emotional disturbances and complaints about cognitive performance has been observed in Latin American healthcare workers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which can affect attention capacity and increase the levels of stress and burnout of these professionals. The objective was to analyse subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) and associated factors in health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic in five Latin American countries. Multicentre cross-sectional study, which included 3,738 professionals from Colombia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru.

Un ensayo clínico no ético y la politización de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil: El caso de Prevent Senior.

El Senado Federal de Brasil creó una Comisión Parlamentaria de Investigación (CPI) para investigar las irregularidades del gobierno de Bolsonaro en la gestión de la pandemia de COVID-19. Uno de los casos que llamó la atención fue la investigación llevada a cabo por Prevent Senior, una empresa privada de seguros de salud, sobre el tratamiento temprano de COVID-19. Este artículo analiza la validez científica de la investigación y los problemas éticos relacionados con su implementación.

[SDG3-related inequalities in women's, children's and adolescents' health: an SDG monitoring baseline for Latin America and the Caribbean using national cross-sectional surveysDesigualdades relacionadas ao ODS 3 na saúde da mulher, da criança e do adolescente: linha de base para o monitoramento do ODS na América Latina e no Caribe por meio de pesquisas transversais nacionais].

Objectives: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries have made important progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets related to health (SDG3) at the national level. However, vast within-country health inequalities remain. We present a baseline of health inequalities in the region, against which progress towards the SDGs can be monitored.

[Mental health of Guatemalan health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: baseline findings from the HEROES cohort studySaúde mental dos trabalhadores da saúde guatemaltecos durante a pandemia de COVID-19: constatações basais do estudo da coorte HEROES].

Objectives: To assess the baseline prevalence of mental health conditions and associated exposures in a cohort of health care workers (HCWs) in Guatemala.

Methods: We analyzed baseline information from the 2020 Web-based COVID-19 Health Care Workers Study (HEROES)-Guatemala. Outcomes included mental distress and depressive symptoms.

[Contributions of the new framework for essential public health functions to addressing the COVID-19 pandemicContribuições da nova estrutura para funções essenciais de saúde pública na resposta à pandemia de COVID-19].

This article uses a health stewardship perspective to interpret the strengths of and challenges to national health authorities' capacities to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic through the renewed essential public health functions (EPHF) framework. Based on a literature review, this article argues that the institutional capacities required by countries to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Americas included all four stages of the new EPHF policy cycle: assessment, policy development, allocation of resources and access. While health authorities provided these key functions (e.

[Digital transformation for more equitable and sustainable public health in the age of digital interdependenceTransformação digital para uma saúde pública mais equitativa e sustentável na era da interdependência digital].

This article describes eight guiding principles for the digital transformation of the health sector and identifies their relationship with the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as highlighting their importance to countries undergoing digital transformation processes. In the Region of the Americas, among other gaps, 30% of people do not have access to the Internet, which is why it is mandatory to develop policies and actions to deliver public health interventions equitably and sustainably to ensure that no one is left behind. The eight principles focus on the four areas of a sustainable health system - human, social, economic and environmental - and highlight the broader possibilities using digital technology to impact the sustainability of health systems.