[Comparison of Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and T-SPOT.TB Tests for Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) in HIV-infected Patients].

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the most important step in preventing the development of active TB. In our country where TB is moderately endemic, HIV-infected patients should be investigated for LTBI.

The forelock sign: A new arthroscopic finding in partial subscapularis tears.

Objectives: This study aims to identify the forelock sign of partial tears of the subscapularis and to compare the incidences of this sign and air bag sign.

Patients And Methods: One hundred and twenty patients (39 males, 81 females; mean age 51.3 years; range, 25 to 79) diagnosed as isolated subscapularis tear or isolated supraspinatus tear from among patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy between January 2013 and January 2016 were divided into four groups of 30 patients each as the subscapularis tear (group 1), full-thickness supraspinatus tear (group 2), bursal-side supraspinatus tear (group 3), and articular-side supraspinatus tear (group 4) groups.

Tunica albuginea cyst presenting with milk of calcium.

Tunica albuginea cysts are rarely seen but are important and can be diagnosed easily with ultrasonography. Calcium milk is defined as the precipitation of calcium in a cyst or other fluid-containing structure and can be seen in many organs. In this case report, calcium milk seen in a tunica albuginea cyst is discussed.

A review of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism cases followed up in our clinic in the last decade.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate, with this retrospective study, the patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, who were followed up in our clinic in the last decade and were reviewed in terms of the incidence of the disease, diagnostic methods and differential diagnoses, treatment modalities, fertility rates, and treatment success.

Methods: After a very careful differential diagnosis, 81 patients (1.5% of infertile men presenting to the outpatient clinic) were diagnosed with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Normative Data Assessment of Vessel Density and Foveal Avascular Zone Metrics Using AngioScan Software.

: To establish a normative database for macular and peripapillary vessel densities (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) metrics in healthy subjects with the new version of AngioScan software of RS-3000 Advance (Nidek Co, Ltd) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) device.: The study design was prospective and cross-sectional. VDs of the SCP, deep capillary plexus (DCP), retinal peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) and FAZ area, perimeter and circularity index (CI) along with the structural OCT measurements were scanned by using the Nidek's RS-3000 Advance OCT-A device in healthy subjects.

Multiple Subscapularis Tendon Sign: A New Risk Factor for Recurrence After Arthroscopic Anterior Shoulder Instability Surgery.

Background: Being able to predict recurrence after the treatment of shoulder instability would be helpful in planning the appropriate treatment.

Purpose: To define the multiple subscapularis tendon sign (MSTS) as a novel anatomic variant and a possible risk factor for the recurrence of shoulder instability after anterior stabilization and to evaluate it, together with the other risk factors as described in the literature.

Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Evaluation of Maculopathy in Patients Using Hydroxychloroquine.

Objectives: To determine length of hydroxychloroquine use and cumulative dose and evaluate the ocular effects by 10-2 central visual field test, microperimetry (MP), color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in hydroxychloroquine users.

Materials And Methods: Patients who used hydroxychloroquine continuously for at least 2 years for various connective tissue diseases were included in the study. A total of 300 eyes of 150 patients aged 19-78 years who were followed due to risk of developing hydroxychloroquine maculopathy in the İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine Ophthalmology Department between the years 1995-2017 were evaluated.

Effect of taxifolin on oxidative gastric injury induced by celiac artery ligation in rats.

Purpose: To examine the effect of taxifolin on I/R induced gastric injury in rats using biochemical and histopatholohical methods.

Methods: Eighteen albino Wistar male rats equally grouped as; gastric I/R (I/R), 50 mg/kg taxifolin + gastric I/R (TAX+ I/R) and sham operation applied (SHAM). Ischemia induced for 1 hour, and reperfusion induced for 3 hours.

The Relationship Between Visceral Adiposity Index and Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction And Aim: Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral fat depot of the heart, was found to be associated with coronary artery disease in cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Increased visceral adiposity is associated with proinflammatory activity, impaired insulin sensitivity, increased risk of atherosclerosis and high mortality.

MR arthrographic evaluation of the association between anterolateral soft tissue impingement and osteochondral lesion of the tibiotalar joint.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate on magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography the relationship between joint capsule thickness and the stage of osteochondral lesions of the tibiotalar joint, as well as to evaluate the ankle joint capacity in patients with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). Also, we demonstrate the unusual locations of osteochondral lesions of the ankle joint.

Methods: MR arthrography images were analyzed by two staff radiologists in consensus.

The clinical and radiological features of cisternal and pericallosal lipomas.

Purpose: To demonstrate the clinical and radiological features of pericallosal and cisternal lipomas and to compare these two groups in terms of radiological and clinical features.

Methods: This retrospective study included 23 patients diagnosed with pericallosal and cisternal lipoma between 2010 and 2017. The patients comprised 12 females and 11 males with a mean age of 38.

Excision and short segment fusion of a double ipsilateral lumbar hemivertebrae associated with a diastematomyelia and fixed pelvic obliquity.

We report the surgical treatment course of a 4-year-old girl with congenital scoliosis, diastematomyelia and double adjacent hemivertebrae. She had a lumbar curve with an apparent pelvic obliquity. Simultaneous excision of double segmented sequential hemivertebra at the L3-L4 level and fusion with short-segment instrumentation was performed via a posterior approach.

Myo-inositol Oxygenase as a Novel Marker in the Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury.

Background: Due to the lack of diagnostic efficiency of serum creatinine in acute kidney injury (AKI), there is a pressing need to develop novel diagnostic markers. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C in terms of their applicability in the diagnosis of AKI.

Methods: We enrolled a total of 39 AKI patients and 38 healthy controls in the study.

Distribution of childhood skin diseases according to age and gender, a single institution experience.

Aim: Studies on pediatric skin diseases in Turkey are not yet sufficient. It was aimed to characterize the prevalence of skin diseases, age and gender distribution in children living in the Erzincan region.

Material And Methods: 10,115 children aged 0-16 years who reached to our outpatient clinic between 01.

Supradiaphragmatic origin of the renal artery; frequency on contrast-enhanced MR imaging.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate extremely rare cases of supradiaphragmatic origin of the renal artery, with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings.

Methods: The study included 9 patients diagnosed with supra-diaphragmatic originating renal artery between 2010 and 2017. The patients were 7 females and 2 males with a mean age of 58.

Biomechanical comparison of three different fixation techniques for anterior column posterior hemitransverse acetabular fractures using anterior intrapelvic approach.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to biomechanically compare three different fixation methods for the fixation of anterior column posterior hemitransverse type acetabular fracture (ACPHT).

Methods: ACPHT fracture models were created on twenty-four foam cortical shell artificial hemipelvis models. Three fixation methods were assessed - Group 1: posterior column lag screws over a suprapectineal plate; Group 2: Posterior column lag screws over a suprapectineal plate and an infrapectineal plate; Group 3: A suprapectineal plate and a vertical infrapectineal plate.

Prospective Observational Study on acute Appendicitis Worldwide (POSAW).

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common surgical disease, and appendectomy is the treatment of choice in the majority of cases. A correct diagnosis is key for decreasing the negative appendectomy rate. The management can become difficult in case of complicated appendicitis.

The effect of metyrosine on oxidative gastric damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Biochemical and histopathological evaluation.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of metyrosine against I/R induced gastric damage in rats.

Methods: Eighteen albino Wistar male rats were divided into groups; gastric I/R (GIR), 50 mg/kg metyrosine+gastric I/R (MGIR), and sham (SG) groups. 50 mg/kg metyrosine was given to the MGIR group, and distilled water was given to the GIR and SG groups by the oral gavage.

Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent Extravasation Mimicking Subarachnoid Hemorrhage After Electroconvulsive Therapy.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe method that has been applied for many years in medical treatment-resistant depression treatment. In this case report, contrast extravasation due to deterioration of the blood-brain barrier after ECT mimicking subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is discussed.

Case Description: A 70-year-old male patient who underwent ECT presented with sulcal hyperintensities suggesting subarachnoid hemorrhage on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence of MRI obtained after ECT.

Investigation of the biomechanical and histopathological effects of autologous conditioned serum on healing of Achilles tendon.

Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate the effects of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) on the healing of transected rat Achilles tendons via the assessment of biomechanical and histological parameters.

Methods: The study was conducted on 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Five rats were used as donors for ACS preparation.

Do subscapularis tears really result in superior humeral migration?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of subscapularis tear on superior humeral excursion (SHE) and acromiohumeral distance (AHD). The hypothesis was that subscapularis tears do not result in superior humeral excursion.

Methods: Patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy between August of 2011 and 2015 were reevaluated.

Comparison of 3 techniques in percutaneous tracheostomy: Traditional landmark technique; ultrasonography-guided long-axis approach; and short-axis approach - Randomised controlled study.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare the reliabilities of the traditional landmark method, ultrasonography-guided long-axis in-plane application, and ultrasonography-guided short-axis out-of-plane application in percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy.

Patients And Methods: A total of 60 patients were divided in 3 random groups undergoing percutaneous tracheostomy by using landmark method, ultrasonography-guided out-of-plane method, and ultrasonography-guided in-plane method. While demographic data of the patients were recorded before the procedure, number of punctures, success rate at the first entry, rate of successful tracheostomy tube placement, total tracheostomy time, and complications were recorded during and after the procedure.